Publications: A
Arce-García, S., Said-Hung, E. & Montero-Díaz, J., 'Unmasking coordinated hate: Analysing hate speech on Spanish digital news media' (2024), New Media and Society [online]
View the publication online
Archakis, A. & Tsakona, V. (Eds.), 'Exploring the Ambivalence of Liquid Racism: In between antiracist and racist discourse' (2024), Pragmatics & Beyond Series, 341, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
View the publication online
Arcila Calderón, C., Sánchez Holgado, P., Gómez, J., Barbosa, M., Qi, H., Matilla, A., Amado, P., Guzmán, A., López-Matías, D. & Fernández-Villazala, T., 'From online hate speech to offline hate crime: the role of inflammatory language in forecasting violence against migrant and LGBT communities' (2024), Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1369
View the publication online
Arcila-Calderón, C., Amores, J.J., Sánchez-Holgado, P. & Blanco-Herrero, D., 'Using shallow and deep learning to automatically detect hate motivated by gender and sexual orientation on Twitter in Spanish' (2021), Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 5(10), 63
View the publication online
Arcila-Calderón, C., Amores, J.J., Sánchez-Holgado, P., Vrysis, L., Vryzas, N. & Oller Alonso, M., 'How to Detect Online Hate towards Migrants and Refugees? Developing and Evaluating a Classifier of Racist and Xenophobic Hate Speech Using Shallow and Deep Learning' (2022), Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(20), 13094
View the publication online
Arcila-Calderón, C., Blanco-Herrero, D., Frías-Vázquez, M. & Seoane, F., 'Refugees welcome? Online hate speech and sentiments in Twitter in Spain during the reception of the boat Aquarius' (2021), Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(5), 2728, pp. 1-17
View the publication online
Arcila-Calderón, C., Sánchez-Holgado, P., Quintana-Moreno, C., Amores, J.-J. & Blanco-Herrero, D., 'Hate speech and social acceptance of migrants in Europe: Analysis of tweets with geolocation | [Discurso de odio y aceptación social hacia migrantes en Europa: Análisis de tuits con geolocalización]' (2022), Comunicar, 30(71), pp. 1-13
View the publication online
Ardill, A. & Wardle, B., 'Firebombs and Ferguson: A review of hate crime laws as applied to child sex offenders' (2009), Alternative Law Journal, 34(4), pp.257-259
View the publication online
Ardley, J., 'Hate crimes: A brief review' (2005), The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 25(12), pp.54-66
View the publication online
ardson-Self, L., 'Woman-Hating: On Misogyny, Sexism, and Hate Speech' (2018), Hypatia 33(2), pp. 256-272
View the publication online
Arel, S.N., Cooper, L. & Hellmann, V. (Eds.), 'Probing Human Dignity: Exploring Thresholds from an Interdisciplinary Perspective' (2025), Cham: Springer
View the publication online
Arenal Lora, L., 'Limitations and scope of the responsibility of internet service provider companies. Meta and incitement to genocide of Rohingya case | Limitaciones y alcance de la responsabilidad de las empresas proveedoras de servicios en el discurso de odio online. El caso de Meta en la incitación al genocidio rohingya' (2023), Cuadernos de Derecho Transnacional, 15(2), pp. 141–166
View the publication online
Arévalo, A., 'Denied deaths: Profile of homicides against LGBTI+ people in El Salvador (2000-2020) | Muertes negadas: Perfil de homicidios contra personas LGBTI+ en El Salvador (2000-2020)' (2024), Dilemas, 17(2), e59537
View the publication online
Argentino, M.-A., 'QAnon: From Conspiracy Theory to New Religious Movement' (2025), London: Routledge
View the publication online
Argiolas, D., 'The Hate Speech in the Portuguese Legal Order | O Discurso de Ódio na Ordem Jurídica Portuguesa' (2025), Revista Juridica Portucalense, 1(38), pp. 366–387
View the publication online
Arhar Holdt, Š., Kosem, I., Pori, E., Gorjanc, V., Krek, S. & Gantar, P., 'Negative Vocabulary in the Thesaurus of Modern Slovene 2.0 | Negativno zaznamovano besedišče v Slovarju sopomenk sodobne slovenščine 2.0' (2023), Slovenscina 2.0, 11(1), pp. 8–32
View the publication online
Arianto, A.K., Djatmika, Santosa, R. & Yustanto, H., 'Improving Public Literacy in Hate Speech Cases on Social Media as an Effort to Mitigate Legal and Social Impacts' (2025), Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 15(4), pp. 1120–1129
View the publication online
Ariel, B., Tobby-Alimi, I., Cohen, I., Ben Ezra, M., Cohen, Y. & Sosinski, G., 'Ethnic and racial employment discrimination in low-wage and high-wage markets: Randomized controlled trials using correspondence tests in Israel' (2015), Law and Ethics of Human Rights, 9(1), pp.113-139
View the publication online
Arif, M.F. & Nayak, J., 'Fine-Tuned BERT Model for Accurate Hate Speech Detection in Social Media' (2024), IEEE International Conference on Modeling, Simulation and Intelligent Computing, MoSICom 2024 - Proceedings, pp. 406–410
View the publication online
Arifi, B., 'Effective prosecution of hate crimes as a precondition for their prevention' (2018), Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi - Journal of Penal Law and Criminology, 6(1), pp.1-14
View the publication online
Arin, I., Işik, Z., Kutal, S., Dehghan, S., Özgür, A. & Yanikoǧlu, B., 'SIU2023-NST – Hate Speech Detection Contest | SIU2023-NST – Nefret Söylemi Tespit Yarişmasi' (2023), 31st IEEE Conference on Signal Processing and Communications Applications, SIU 2023
View the publication online
Ariwibowo, S., Girsang, A.S. & Diana, 'Hate Speech Text Classification Using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)' (2022), ICOSNIKOM 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference of Computer Science and Information Technology: Boundary Free: Preparing Indonesia for Metaverse Society
View the publication online
Armas, Á.D. & Anttila, S., 'Hate speech as a means of argumentative exclusion | El discurso de odio como medio para la exclusión argumentativa' (2024), Revista Iberoamericana de Argumentacion, 2024(1), pp. 68–79
View the publication online
Armiwulan, H., 'Gender-Based Cyber Violence: A Challenge to Gender Equality in Indonesia' (2021), International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 15(2), pp. 102-111
View the publication online
Armstrong, G.M. & Wronski, J., 'Framing Hate: Moral Foundations, Party Cues, and (In)Tolerance of Offensive Speech' (2019), Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 7(2), pp. 695-725
View the publication online
Armstrong, L.M., 'Misogyny, Misconceptions, and Restorative Justice' (2025), in E. Johnston & C.-M. Smyth (Eds.) Justice Denied: Exploring Inequities in the Legal System (pp. 150–170), London: Routledge
View the publication online
Arnold, R., 'Systematic racist violence in Russia between ‘hate crime’ and ‘ethnic conflict’' (2015), Theoretical Criminology, 19(2), pp.239-256
View the publication online
Aronis, C. & Aoki, E., 'Nooses and Nazi swastikas on U.S. campuses: an anti-racist call for a rhetorical reframing of hate symbols as violent technologies' (2024), Quarterly Journal of Speech [online]
View the publication online
Arora, A., Nakov, P., Hardalov, M., Sarwar, S.M., Nayak V., Dinkov Y., Zlatkova D., Dent, K., Bhatawdekar, A., Bouchard, G. & Augenstein, I., 'Detecting Harmful Content on Online Platforms: What Platforms Need vs. Where Research Efforts Go' (2023), ACM Computing Surveys, 56(3), 72
View the publication online
Arora, S. & Kumar, K.J. (Eds.), 'Media Narratives and the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Asian Experience' (2023), London: Routledge India
View the publication online
Arrieta-Castillo, C., 'The manosphere and women’s football: an analysis of misogynistic discourse in the comments section of Spain’s most-read online newspaper | Manosfera e futebol feminino: análise do discurso misógino na comunidade virtual do jornal Marca' (2024), Icono14, 22(1)
View the publication online
Arrocha, W., 'Arizona’s Senate Bill 1070: Targeting the other1 and generating discourses and practices of discrimination and hate' (2011), Journal of Hate Studies, 9(1), pp. 65-92
View the publication online
Arrocha, W.F., 'Reclaiming Justice and eliminating inequality through compassionate migration: The relentless struggle of migrants living in the shadows' (2013), Journal of Hate Studies, 11(1), pp. 85-118
View the publication online
Arrocha, W., 'Combating xenophobia and hate through compassionate migration: the present struggle of irregular migrants escaping fear and extreme poverty' (2019), Crime, Law and Social Change, 71(3), pp 245–260
View the publication online
Arroio, A., 'Education as a human right against hate speech and intolerance' (2019), Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 77(3), pp. 314-316
View the publication online
Arshad, M.U. & Shahzad, W., 'Understanding hate speech: the HateInsights dataset and model interpretability' (2024), PeerJ Computer Science, 10, e2372
View the publication online
Arshad, M.U., Ali, R., Beg, M.O. & Shahzad, W., 'UHated: hate speech detection in Urdu language using transfer learning' (2023), Language Resources and Evaluation [online]
View the publication online
Arshad-Ayaz, A., Naseem, M.A., Hizoui, H. & Akram, M., 'Perspectives of Canadian Youth on Islamophobic Hate Speech on Social Media' (2024), Canadian Journal of Communication, 49(4), pp. 586–611
View the publication online
Arslan, M., Munawar, S. & Cruz, C., 'Political-RAG: using generative AI to extract political information from media content' (2024), Journal of Information Technology and Politics [online]
View the publication online
ARTICLE 19, 'Responding to ‘hate speech’: Comparative overview of six EU countries' (2018)
View the publication online
ARTICLE 19, 'Self-regulation and ‘hate speech’ on social media platforms' (2018), London, UK
View the publication online
Arunachalam, V. & Maheswari, N., 'Enhanced Detection of Hate Speech in Dravidian Languages in Social Media Using Ensemble Transformers' (2024), Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, 19
View the publication online
Arya, G., Hasan, M.K., Bagwari, A., Safie, N., Islam, S., Ahmed, F.R.A., De, A., Khan, M.A. & Ghazal, T.M., 'Multimodal Hate Speech Detection in Memes using Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training' (2024), IEEE Access [online]
View the publication online
Asad, N., Majumder, A., Barua, T., Das, S., Rakib, M.R.I. & Gupta, G.D., 'Leveraging RF and BERT for Superior Hate Speech Detection in the Bengali Language' (2025), 2025 International Conference on Electrical Computer and Communication Engineering, ECCE 2025
View the publication online
Asafo, D., '‘Kindness’ as violence in the settler-colonial state of New Zealand' (2021), Knowledge Cultures, 9(3), pp. 39-53
View the publication online
Asardag, D., 'Feminist exploratory interpretive study of the content policy changes of Meta and the corresponding news coverage' (2025), Frontiers in Communication, 10, 1640230
View the publication online
Asbi, Malik, R., Kurniawati, J. & Nasution, L.N., 'Muslims Acceptance of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Issues in Indonesia' (2024), Pharos Journal of Theology, 105(2), pp. 1–14
View the publication online
Asfand-E-Yar, M., Aftab, S., Hashir, Q. & Talha, T., 'From Tweets to Tolerance: Empowering Cyberbullying Detection with Deep Learning Models' (2023), Proceedings - 2023 International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology, FIT 2023, pp. 232–237
View the publication online
Ashe, S., Virdee, S. & Brown, L., 'Striking back against racist violence in the East End of London, 1968-1970' (2016), Race & Class, 58(1), pp. 34-54
View the publication online
Ashe, S.D., Busher, J., Macklin, G. & Winter, A. (Eds.), 'Researching the Far Right: Theory, Method and Practice (1st Edition)' (2020), Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge Press
View the publication online