Publications: Hate speech
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Akhtar, S., Basile, V. & Patti, V., 'A New Measure of Polarization in the Annotation of Hate Speech' (2019), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 11946 LNAI, pp. 588-603
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Akrivopoulou, C.M., 'Dignity as the ultimate boundary to the freedom of speech: An account of Jeremy Waldron’s “harm in hate speech” argument' (2014), Human Rights and Ethics: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools and Applications, 4(99), pp.1805-1810
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Al-Makhadmeh, Z., Tolba, A., 'Automatic Hate Speech Detection Using Killer Natural Language Processing Optimizing Ensemble Deep Learning Approach' (2019), Computing [online]
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Alaburić, V., 'Legal concept of hate speech and jurisprudence of the European court of human rights' (2018), Politicka Misao, 55(4), pp. 230-252
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Albadi, N., Kurdi, M. & Mishra, S., 'Hateful People or Hateful Bots? Detection and Characterization of Bots Spreading Religious Hatred in Arabic Social Media' (2019), Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 3(CSCW)
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Albadi, N., Kurdi, M., Mishra, S., 'Investigating the Effect of Combining GRU Neural Networks With Handcrafted Features for Religious Hatred Detection on Arabic Twitter Space' (2019), Social Network Analysis and Mining, 9(1),41
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Aldridge, D., 'Online Harassment and Hate' (2019), ITNOW, 61(3), pp. 34
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Alexander, L., 'Is there a right to freedom of expression?' (2005), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Alexander, L., 'The ADL hate crime statute and the first amendment' (1992), Criminal Justice Ethics, 11(2), pp.49-51
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Alkiviadou, N., 'The legal regulation of hate speech: The international and European frameworks' (2018), Politicka Misao, 55(4), pp. 203-229
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Almatarneh, S., Gamallo, P., Pena, F.J.R. & Alexeev, A., 'Supervised Classifiers to Identify Hate Speech on English and Spanish Tweets' (2019), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 11853 LNCS, pp. 23-30
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Alsaad, A., Taamneh, A. & Al-Jedaiah, M.N., 'Does social media increase racist behavior? An examination of confirmation bias theory' (2018), Technology in Society [online]
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Anand, M. & Eswari, R., 'Classification of Abusive Comments in Social Media Using Deep Learning' (2019), Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication, ICCMC 2019, pp. 974-977
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Armstrong, G.M. & Wronski, J., 'Framing Hate: Moral Foundations, Party Cues, and (In)Tolerance of Offensive Speech' (2019), Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 7(2), pp. 695-725
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Arroio, A., 'Education as a human right against hate speech and intolerance' (2019), Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 77(3), pp. 314-316
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ARTICLE 19, 'Responding to ‘hate speech’: Comparative overview of six EU countries' (2018)
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ARTICLE 19, 'Self-regulation and ‘hate speech’ on social media platforms' (2018), London, UK
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Asquith, N., 'In terrorem: “With their tanks and their bombs, and their bombs and their guns, in your head”' (2004), Journal of Sociology, 40(4), pp.400-416
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Asquith, N., 'Race riots on the beach: A case for criminalising hate speech?' (2008), Paper presented at the British Criminology Conference, Huddersfield.
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Asquith, N., 'The harms of verbal and textual hatred' (2009), in Perry, B. (ed.), Hate crimes: The consequences of hate crime Volume 2. Praeger Publishers.
Assimakopoulos, S., Baider, F.H. & Millar, S., 'Online hate speech in the European Union: A discourse-analytic perspective' (2017), Cham, Switzerland: Springer
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Aulia, N. & Budi, I., 'Hate Speech Detection on Indonesian Long Text Documents Using Machine Learning Approach' (2019), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 164-169
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Awan, I. & Zempi, I., '‘I will blow your face off’ – Virtual and physical world anti-Muslim hate crime' (2017), British Journal of Criminology, 57(2), pp.362-380
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Badar, M. E., 'The road to genocide: The propaganda machine of the self-declared Islamic State (IS)' (2016), International Criminal Law Review, 16(3), pp.361–411
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Baider, F., '‘Go to hell fucking faggots, may you die!’ framing the LGBT subject in online comments' (2018), Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 14(1), pp.69–92
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Baider, F., '‘Double speech act: Negotiating inter-cultural beliefs and intra-cultural hate speech’' (2019), Journal of Pragmatics [online]
Baider, F. & Kopytowska, M., 'Narrating hostility, challenging hostile narratives' (2018), Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 14(1), pp.1-24
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Bakalis, C., 'Regulating hate crime in the digital age' (2016), in J. Schweppe & M.A. Walters, The globalization of hate: Internationalizing hate crime? (pp.263-276), Oxford: Oxford University Press
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Bakalis, C. & Lloyd, C., 'Dangerous speech and images: Regulating the internet' (2018), Information & Communications Technology Law, 27(1), pp.1-3
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Bakken, T., 'Liberty and equality through freedom of expression: The human rights questions behind ‘hate crime’ laws' (2000), The International Journal of Human Rights, 4(2), pp.1-12
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Barendt, E., , '‘What Is the Harm of Hate Speech?’' (2019), Ethical Theory and Moral Practice [online]
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Barnidge, M., Kim, B., Sherrill, L.A., Luknar, Ž. & Zhang, J., 'Perceived Exposure to and Avoidance of Hate Speech in Various Communication Settings' (2019), Telematics and Informatics, 44, 101263
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Bartlett, J. & Krasodomski-Jones, A., 'Counter-speech examining content that challenges extremism online' (2015), DEMOS
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Billingham, P., '‘State Speech as a Response to Hate Speech: Assessing “Transformative Liberalism”’' (2019), Ethical Theory and Moral Practice [online]
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Billingham, P. & Bonotti, M., 'Introduction: Hate, Offence and Free Speech in a Changing World' (2019), Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 22(3), pp. 531-537
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Blanco-Herrero, D. & Calderón, C.A., 'Spread and Reception of Fake News Promoting Hate Speech Against Migrants and Refugees in Social Media: Research Plan for the Doctoral Programme Education in the Knowledge Society' (2019), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 949-955
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Blanuša, N. & Kulenović, E., 'Hate speech, contentious symbols and politics of memory: Survey research on Croatian citizens’ attitudes' (2018), Politicka Misao, 55(4), pp. 176-202
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Boeckmann, R.J. & Liew, J., 'Hate speech: Asian American students’ justice judgments and psychological responses' (2002), Journal of Social Issues, 58(2), pp.363-381
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Bonnet, F. & Caillault, C., 'The invader, the enemy within and they-who-must-not-be-named: How police talk about minorities in Italy, the Netherlands and France' (2015), Ethnic and Racial Studies, 38(7), pp.1185-1201
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Bortone, R. & Cerquozzi, F., 'L’hate speech al tempo di Internet' (2017), Aggiornamenti Sociali, 12/68 [online]
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Bortone, R. & Pistecchia, A., 'Hate speech e antiziganismo. Una riflessione sulle discriminazioni nell’era dei social' (2017), IDOS, Dossier Statistico Immigrazione, Confronti, pp. 233-237
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Bortone, R. & Pistecchia, A., 'Online hate speech, marginalized groups and minorities: Considerations about types of discrimination in the age of social networks and media' (2018), Dynamics and Policies of Prejudice from the Eighteenth to the Twenty-first Century
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Braddock, K., 'Vaccinating Against Hate: Using Attitudinal Inoculation to Confer Resistance to Persuasion by Extremist Propaganda' (2019), Terrorism and Political Violence [online]
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Brennan, F., 'www.hatecrime.co Laws uncritical engagement' (2009), Information & Communications Technology Law, 18(2), pp.75-78
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Brink, D.O., 'Millian principles, freedom of expression and hate speech' (2001), Legal Theory, 7(2), pp.119-157
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Bronitt, S., 'Hate speech, sedition and the war on terror' (2007), in Gelber, K. & Stone, A. (eds.) Hate Speech and Freedom of Speech in Australia. The Federation Press.
Brown, A., 'What is hate speech? Part 2: Family resemblances' (2017), Law and Philosophy, 36(5), pp.561–613
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Brown, A., 'What is hate speech? Part 1: The myth of hate' (2017), Law and Philosophy, 36(4), pp.419–468
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Brown, A., 'The “who?” question in the hate speech debate: Part 1: Consistency, practical, and formal approaches' (2016), Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence, 29(2), pp. 275-320
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Brown, A., 'Hate speech law: A philosophical examination' (2015), New York: Routledge.
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