Publications: L
Lacey, I., 'Free speech and the right to freedom from racial vilification' (1993), Civil Liberty, 151, 5
Lacko, I., 'Hate crime trauma and pain: Affiliation, becoming and in-Betweenness in The Laramie Project' (2018), Literary Studies and Humanity, 10(1), pp.28-33
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Lajevardi, N. & Oskooii, K.A.R., 'Old-fashioned racism, contemporary Islamophobia, and the isolation of Muslim Americans in the age of Trump' (2018), Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics [online]
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Lal, V., 'Implications of American Islamophobia' (2015), Economic and Political Weekly, 50(51), pp.12-14
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Lalić, V. & Đurić, S., 'Policing hate crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina' (2017), Policing and Society [online], pp.1-19
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Lambert, E.G., Ventura, L.A., Hall, D.E. & Cluse-Tolar, T., 'College students’ views on gay and lesbian issues' (2008), Journal of Homosexuality, 50(4), pp.1-30
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Lamble, S., 'Queer Necropolitics and the Expanding Carceral State: Interrogating Sexual Investments in Punishment' (2013), Law and Critique, 24(3), pp.229-253
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Lamond, I.R., 'The challenge of articulating human rights at an LGBT ‘mega-event’: a personal reflection on Sao Paulo Pride 2017' (2017), Leisure Studies [online], pp.1-13
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Lamontagne, E., d’Elbée, M., Ross, M.W., Carroll, A., du Plessis, A. & Loures, L., 'A socioecological measurement of homophobia for all countries and its public health impact' (2018), European Journal of Public Health [online]
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Landa, D.E., and New South Wales Office of the Ombudsman, 'Public interest in releasing the Ombudsman’s report on the allegations of police bias against Asian students: Report to the Honourable T A Griffiths MP, Minister for Police and Emergency Services' (1993)
Landman, R.A., '“A counterfeit friendship”: Mate crime and people with learning disabilities' (2014), Journal of Adult Protection, 16(6), pp.355-366
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Lang, K., 'Vorurteilskriminalität – Eine Untersuchung vorurteilsmotivierter Taten im Strafrecht und deren Verfolgung durch Polizei, Staatsanwaltschaft und Gerichte' (2015), Nomos
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Lang, K. , 'Protection of Human Rights or “Conservative Justice” – The Persecution of Hate Crime by Authorities and Justice' (2018), Knowledge Creates Democracy - Open Access Series of the IDZ
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Langarita, J.A., Sadurní, N., Caballero, A.D. & Carbó, P.A., 'From zero to hero: A transnational perspective on countering anti-LGBT hate crime in Europe' (2018), in P. Godzisz & G. Viggiani (Eds.). Running through hurdles: Obstacles in the access to justice for victims of anti-LGBTI hate crimes (pp. 291-314). Warsaw: Lambda Warsaw Association.
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Lantz, B. & Kim, J., 'Hate Crimes Hurt More, but So Do Co-Offenders: Separating the Influence of Co-Offending and Bias on Hate-Motivated Physical Injury' (2018), Criminal Justice and Behaviour [online]
Lantz, B. & Kim, J., 'Hate crimes hurt more, but so do co-offenders: Separating the influence of co-offending and bias on hate-motivated physical injury' (2018), Criminal Justice and Behavior [online]
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Lantz, B., Gladfelter, A.S. & Ruback, R.B., 'Stereotypical hate crimes and criminal justice processing: A multi-dataset comparison of bias crime arrest patterns by offender and victim race' (2017), Justice Quarterly [online], pp.1-32
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Larkin, J.C. & Pines, H.A., 'No fat persons need apply: Experimental studies of the overweight stereotype and hiring preference' (1979), Work and Occupations, 6(3), pp.312-327
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Larsson, G. & Stjernholm, S., 'Islamophobia in Sweden: Muslim advocacy and hate-crime statistics' (2016), in D. Pratt & R. Woodlock (Eds.), Fear of Muslims?, Boundaries of religious freedom: Regulating religion in diverse societies 3, pp. 153-166
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Laster, K. & Taylor, V.L., 'Law for our multicultural society?: No worries' (1995), in Selby, H. (ed.), Tomorrow's Law 210
Laverick, W. & Joyce, N.P., 'Reinterpreting the UK Response to Hate Crime' (2020), British Journal of Community Justice, 16(1), pp. 82-102
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LaViolette, N., 'Independent human rights documentation and sexual minorities: An ongoing challenge for the Canadian refugee determination process' (2009), The International Journal of Human Rights, 13(2-3), pp.437-492
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Law Commission, 'Offensive and abusive online communications – Summary of scoping Report' (2018)
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Law Commission (Law Com No 213), 'Hate crime: The case for extending the existing offences' (2013), London: Law Commission
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Law Commission (Law Com No 348), 'Hate crime: Should the current offences be extended?' (2014)
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Law Enforcement Support Section (LESS) & Crime Statistics Management Unit (CSMU), 'Hate crime data collection guidelines and training manual (Version 2.0)' (2015), Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program
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Law, I. & Sayyid, S., 'Racist futures: Themes and prospects' (2007), Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30(4), pp.527-533
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Lawrence, F. M., 'The punishment of hate: Toward a normative theory of bias-motivated crimes' (1994), Michigan Law Review, 93(2), pp.320-381
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Lawrence, F.M., 'Punishing hate: Bias crimes under American law' (2002), USA: Harvard University Press
Lawrence, F.M., 'The evolving federal role in bias crime law enforcement and the Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2007' (2008), Stanford Law & Policy Review, 19(2), pp.251-282
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Lawrence, C., 'Sacred selfish: Effects of the rise of fear' (2007), Summer Impact 15
Lawrence, F.M., 'The hate crime project and its limitations: Evaluating the societal gains and risk in bias crime law enforcement' (2007), Social Consciousness in Legal Decision Making, pp.209-226
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Lazaridis, G. & Tsagkroni, V., 'Posing for legitimacy? Identity and praxis of far-right populism in Greece' (2016), in G. Lazaridis, G. Campani & A. Benveniste (Eds.), The Rise of the Far Right in Europe (pp.201-237). London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan
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Lazaridis, G. & Tsagkroni, V., 'Majority identitarian populism in Britain' (2016), in G. Lazaridis, G. Campani & A. Benveniste (Eds.), The rise of the Far Right in Europe (pp.239-272). London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan
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Lazaridis, G. & Veikou, M., 'The rise of the far right in Greece and opposition to ‘othering’, hate speech, and crime by civil and civic organizations' (2016), Journal of Civil Society, pp.1-17
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Leach, T., 'Sexuality and transgender discrimination' (1996), HIV/AIDS Legal Link, 7(1), 26
Leader, T., Mullen, B. & Rice, D., 'Complexity and valence in Ethnophaulisms and exclusion of ethnic out-groups: What puts the “hate” into hate speech?' (2009), Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(1), pp.170-182
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Lee Badgett, M.V., 'The wage effects of sexual orientation discrimination' (1995), Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 48(4), pp.726-739
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Lee, B.A. & Schreck, C.J., 'Danger on the streets: Marginality and victimization among homeless people' (2005), American Behavioral Scientist, 48(8), pp.1055-1081
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Lee, Y., Vue, S., Seklecki, R. & Ma, Y., 'How did Asian Americans respond to negative stereotypes and hate crimes?' (2007), American Behavioral Scientist, 51(2), pp.271-293
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Lee-Won, R.J., White, T.N., Song, H., Lee, J.Y. & Smith, M.R., '‘Source magnification of cyberhate: affective and cognitive effects of multiple-source hate messages on target group members’' (2019), Media Psychology [online]
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Leets, L., 'Experiencing hate speech: Perceptions and responses to Anti-Semitism and Antigay speech' (2002), Journal of Social Issues, 58(2), pp.341-361
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Legal and Constitutional Legislation Committee, Parliament of Australia - Senate, 'Canberra Racial Hatred Bill 1994 report' (1995)
Legg, S. & Citizens, N., '‘No Place for Hate’: Community-Led Research and the Geographies of Nottingham Citizens’ Hate Crime Commission' (2019), Social and Cultural Geography [online]
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Lehman, B., '‘Stopping the Hate: Applying Insights on Bullying Victimization to Understand and Reduce the Emergence of Hate in Schools’' (2019), Sociological Inquiry [online]
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Lengel, L. & Smidi, A., 'How affect overrides fact: Anti-Muslim politicized rhetoric in the post-truth era' (2018), in L. Zhang & C. Clark (Eds.). Affect, emotion, and rhetorical persuasion in mass communication (Chapter 8). New York, NY: Routledge
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Lentin, R., 'Ireland: Racial state and crisis racism' (2007), Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30(4), pp.610-627
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Lentin, A., '(Not) doing race : ‘Casual racism’, ‘bystander antiracism’ and ‘ordinariness’ in Australian racism studies' (2017), in M. Boese & V. Marotta (Eds.), Critical reflections on migration, ‘race’ and multiculturalism: Australia in a global context (pp. 125-142)
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Leonard, W., Mitchell, A., Pitts, M. & Patel, S., 'Coming forward – The underreporting of heterosexist violence and same sex partner abuse in Victoria' (2009), Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health & Society (ARCSHS).
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Leonenko, T.Y., Leonenko, M.I., Shyian, O.Y., Yurchyshyn, V.M. & Shkuta, O.O., '‘Pathological’ Religiosity Phenomenon as Manifestation of Individual’s Deviant Behavior: Religious Hatred or Discord Motive in Commission of Crimes in the Religious Denomination Sphere' (2019), Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 10(1), pp. 295-306
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