Publications: C
Chowdhury, S.A., Mubarak, H., Abdelali, A., Jung, S.-G., Jansen, B.J. & Salminen, J., 'A multi-platform Arabic news comment dataset for offensive language detection' (2020), LREC 2020 - 12th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, Conference Proceedings, pp. 6203-6212
View the publication online
Chowdhury, S.M. & Karmakar, S., 'The interrelationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and conflict behavior: A survey' (2023), Journal of Economic Surveys [online]
View the publication online
Christakis, D.A. & Hale, L. (Eds.), 'Handbook of Children and Screens: Digital Media, Development, and Well-Being from Birth Through Adolescence' (2025), Cham: Springer
View the publication online
Christmann, K. & Wong, K., 'Hate crime victims and hate crime reporting: Some impertinent questions' (2010), in Chakraborti, N. (ed.) (2010) Hate Crime: Concepts, policy, future directions, Devon: Willan Publishing
Chu, T.M., Weitzel, L. & Quaresma, P., 'Comparative Analysis of Hate Speech Detection Models on Brazilian Portuguese Data: Modified BERT vs. BERT vs. Standard Machine Learning Algorithms' (2024), Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Data Science, Technology and Applications, DATA 2024, pp. 392–400
View the publication online
Chua, T.-S. & Ngo, C.-W. (Eds.), 'WWW ’24: Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2024' (2024), WWW '24: The ACM Web Conference 2024, Singapore, 13-17 May 2024
View the publication online
Chun, W.H.K., Hong, G.K. & Nakamura, L., '“Understanding” Asians: Anti-Asian Racism, Sentimentality, Sentiment Analysis, and Digital Surveillance' (2024), Critical Inquiry, 50(3), pp. 425–451
View the publication online
Chung, G.Y., '“This is what we wanted to learn”: Anti-racist and anti-colonial education with 1st gen Korean American seniors in a time of Asian hate and racialized dread' (2023), Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies [online]
View the publication online
Chung, M., Lee, S. & Keum, H., 'Seeing is Behaving? The Role of Social Norms in the Relationship Between Witnessing and Perpetrating Online Hate' (2023), Communication Reports [online]
View the publication online
Chung, M., Lee, S. & Keum, H., 'From Bystanders to Perpetrators: The Influence of Normative Perceptions and Cognitive Empathy on Online Hate in Korea' (2025), International Journal of Communication, 19, pp. 2084–2103
View the publication online
Chung, Y.-L., Guerini, M. & Agerri, R., 'Multilingual Counter Narrative Type Classification' (2021), 8th Workshop on Argument Mining, ArgMining 2021 – Proceedings, pp. 125-132
View the publication online
Chung, Y.-L., Talat, Z., Nozza, D., Plaza-del-Arco, F.M., Röttger, P., Davani, A.M. & Calabrese, A. (Eds.), 'Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH 2024)' (2024), NAACL 2024 - 8th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms, WOAH 2024, Mexico City, Mexico (June 2024)
View the publication online
Chung, Y.-L., Tekiroglu, S.S. & Guerini, M., 'Italian counter narrative generation to fight online hate speech' (2020), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2769
View the publication online
Ciepły, F., 'The racist component of Islamophobic crimes: An examination of the revised General Policy Recommendation No. 5 of the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance | Rasistowski komponent przestępstw islamofobicznych Analiza zrewidowanego zalecenia nr 5 dotyczącego ogólnej polityki Europejskiej Komisji przeciwko Rasizmowi i Nietolerancji' (2024), Studia z Prawa Wyznaniowego, 27, pp. 381–393
View the publication online
Cignarella, A.T., Chierchiello, E., Ferrando, C., Frenda, S., Lo, S.M. & Marra, A., 'From Hate Speech to Societal Empowerment: A Pedagogical Journey Through Computational Thinking and NLP for High School Students' (2024), TeachNLP 2024 - 6th Workshop on Teaching NLP, Proceedings of the Workshop, pp. 54–65
View the publication online
Cignarella, A.T., Frenda, S., Lai, M., Patti, V. & Bosco, C., '#DEACTIVHATE: An Educational Experience for Recognizing and Counteracting Online Hate Speech' (2023), Italian Journal of Computational Linguistics, 9(2), pp. 7–32
View the publication online
Cikara, M., Fouka, V. & Tabellini, M., 'Hate crime towards minoritized groups increases as they increase in sized-based rank' (2022), Nature Human Behaviour [online]
View the publication online
Cinar, O.H., 'Brexit and its Implications on the Freedom of Religion and Belief in the UK' (2022), International Journal of Religion, 3(1), pp. 37–48
View the publication online
Cincović, J., Radenković, U., Mićović, M., Milaković, A., Jocović, V. & Drašković, D., 'Applied Artificial Intelligence in Detecting Hate Speech' (2025), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 1446 LNNS, pp. 107–114
View the publication online
Cinelli, M., Pelicon, A., Mozetič, I., Quattrociocchi W., Novak, P.K. & Zollo, F., 'Dynamics of online hate and misinformation' (2021), Scientific Reports, 11(1), 22083
View the publication online
Ciocca, G., Niolu, C., Déttore, D., Antonelli, P., Conte, S., Tuziak, B., Limoncin, E., Mollaioli, D., Carosa, E., Gravina, G.L., Di Sante, S., Di Lorenzo, G., Fisher, A.D., Maggi, M., Lenzi, A., Siracusano, A. & Jannini, E. A., 'Cross-cultural and socio-demographic correlates of homophobic attitude among university students in three European countries' (2017), Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 40(2), pp.227-233
View the publication online
Cirujano, E.V., Nieta, M.Á.S.D.L. & Zaragoza, J.P., 'The treatment of racism in the Spanish online sports press: the Vinicius case | O tratamento do racismo na imprensa desportiva online espanhola: o caso Vinicius' (2024), Icono14, 22(1)
View the publication online
Cisnero, M.J.R. & Bueno, R.O., 'UO @ HaSpeeDe2: Ensemble model for Italian hate speech detection' (2020), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2765
View the publication online
Cisneros, J.D. & Nakayama, T.K., 'New media, old racisms: Twitter, Miss America, and cultural logics of race' (2015), Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 8(2), pp.108-127
View the publication online
Civila, S., García-Rojas, A.D. & Gómez, Á.H., 'Media literacy as a tool for preventing discrimination in classrooms | LA ALFABETIZACIÓN MEDIÁTICA COMO HERRAMIENTA DE PREVENCIÓN DE LA DISCRIMINACIÓN EN LAS AULAS' (2024), Encuentros (Maracaibo), (20), pp. 309–324
View the publication online
Civila, S., Romero-Rodríguez, L.M. & Aguaded, I., 'Symbolic-discursive violence and new media: An epistemological perspective' (2021), Catalan Journal of Communication and Cultural Studies, 13(1), pp. 43-61
View the publication online
Clark, J.W., Cramer, R.J., Percosky, A., Rufino, K.A., Miller, R.S. & Johnson, S.M., 'Juror perceptions of African American- and Arabic-named victims' (2013), Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 20(5), pp.781-794
View the publication online
Clark, M.H., 'The unnerved and unhoused: a rhetorical analysis of save Austin now’s campaign to disband unhoused individuals from Austin, Texas' (2023), Argumentation and Advocacy [online]
View the publication online
Clarke, V., '‘Some university lecturers wear gay pride t-shirts. Get over it!’: Denials of homophobia and the reproduction of heteronormativity in responses to a gay themed t-shirt' (2018), Journal of Homosexuality [online]
View the publication online
Clarke, Amy, 'The ‘Hidden’ Experiences of New Arrivals.' (2020)
View the publication online
Clarke, A., 'Beyond the Binary: The Issue of Intra-Minority Hostility and the Need to Challenge Conventional Victim/Perpetrator Frameworks Within Hate Studies' (2024), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 39(17-18), pp. 3904–3931
View the publication online
Clarke, C., Hall, M., Mittal, G., Yu, Y., Sajeev, S., Mars, J. & Chen, M., 'Rule By Example: Harnessing Logical Rules for Explainable Hate Speech Detection' (2023), Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 1, pp. 364–376
View the publication online
Clarke, I. & Moody, S., 'Perceptions of racist crime and victimisation in Scotland' (2002), Criminal Justice Matters, 48(1), pp.14-15
View the publication online
Clay, C., 'T.H.U.G.L.I.F.E.: Tupac Shakur as a Symbol of Black Rebellion for the “Pac Babies” of Black Lives Matter!' (2024), Howard Journal of Communications [online]
View the publication online
Clayton, J., Donovan, C. & Macdonald, S.J., 'Living with hate relationships: Familiar encounters, enduring racisms and geographies of entrapment' (2021), Environment and Planning D: Society and Space [online]
View the publication online
Clayton, J., Donovan, C. & Macdonald, S.J., 'Domestic colonisation: The centrality of the home in experiences of home-takeovers and hate relationships' (2023), Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers [online]
View the publication online
Clayton, J., Donovan, C. & Macdonald, S.J., 'Hate beyond the incident: Exploring the presence/absence dynamics of ‘hate relationships’ through geotrauma and haunting' (2025), Geoforum, 162, 104274
View the publication online
Clayton, J., Donovan, C. & Macdonald, S.J., 'A critical portrait of hate crime/incident reporting in North East England: The value of statistical data and the politics of recording in an age of austerity' (2016), Geoforum, 75, pp. 64–74
View the publication online
Cleland, J., 'Online racial hate speech' (2017), in E. Martellozzo & E.A. Jane (Eds.), Cybercrime and its victims (Chapter 7). Oxon; New York: Routledge
View the publication online
Cleland, B., 'The roots of ignorance' (1992), in Bird, G. (1992) Racial Harassment. National Centre for Crosscultural Studies in Law, Monash University
Cleland, J. & Cashmore, E., 'Football fans’ views of racism in British football' (2016), International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 51(1), pp.27-43
View the publication online
Cleland, J. & Dixon, K., 'Sports and cybercrime: an overview of a growing threat' (2025), Managing Sport and Leisure [online]
View the publication online
Cleland, J. & Macdonald, C., 'Social media, digital technology, and masculinity in sport' (2022), in J. Sanderson (Ed.) Sport, Social Media, and Digital Technology (Research in the Sociology of Sport, Vol. 15) (pp. 49-66), Bingley: Emerald Publishing
View the publication online
Cleland, J., Anderson, C. & Aldridge-Deacon, J., 'Islamophobia, war and non-Muslims as victims: An analysis of online discourse on an English Defence League message board' (2017), Ethnic and Racial Studies [online], pp.1-17
View the publication online
Clement, S., Brohan, E., Sayce, L., Pool, J. & Thornicroft, G., 'Disability hate crime and targeted violence and hostility: A mental health and discrimination perspective' (2011), Journal of Mental Health, 20(3), pp.219-225
View the publication online
Clements-Nolle, K., Marx, R. & Katz, M., 'Attempted suicide among transgender persons: The influence of gender-based discriminaton and victimization' (2006), Journal of Homosexuality, 51(3), pp.53-69
View the publication online
Clevenger, S., Kelley, S., & Ratajczak, K. (Eds.), 'Queer Victimology: Understanding the Victim Experience (1st edition)' (2023), New York: Routledge
View the publication online
Clifford, G. APM, 'Police charge two over racist graffiti attacks' (2004), A/Insp 3782, Police Media
Close, C.M., Bosqui, T., O'Reilly, D., Donnelly, M. & Kouvonen, A., 'Migrant mental health and representation in routine administrative registers' (2018), International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, 14(1), pp.82-95
View the publication online
Clubb, G., Scrivens, R. & Islam, M.D. (Eds.), 'Former Extremists: Preventing and Countering Violence' (2024), New York: Oxford University Press
View the publication online