Publications: R
Ramswell, P.Q., 'Division, derision and decisions: The domino effect of Brexit and populism’s intersection of rights and wrongs' (2018), New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers Inc
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Ramswell, P.Q., 'The Rise of Domestic Terrorism and Decline of American Democracy: How Brexit and the Trump Presidency Influenced Populist Empowerment and the Intersection of Rights. Division, Derision, Decisions' (2021), Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers
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Ranasinghe, T., Anuradha, I., Premasiri, D., Silva, K., Hettiarachchi, H., Uyangodage, L. & Zampieri, M., 'SOLD: Sinhala offensive language dataset' (2024), Language Resources and Evaluation [online]
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Rani, S., Kaur, J. & Bhambri, P., 'Technology and Gender Violence: Victimization Model, Consequences and Measures' (2024), in D. Mishra, A. Ngoc Le & Z. McDowell (Eds.) Signals and Communication Technology (Part F1803) (pp. 1–19), Cham: Springer
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Ranjan, A., Pintu, Kumar, V. & Singh, M.P., 'Artificial Intelligence-Based Model for Detecting Inappropriate Content on the Fly' (2023), Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 326 SIST, pp. 299-313
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Ranjan, T., Singh, A., Kumari, R., Swain, S., Bandyopadhyay, A. & Parida, A.K., 'Multilingual Code-Mixed Sentiment Analysis in Hate Speech' (2023), Scalable Computing, 24(4), pp. 873–882
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Rankin, S.K., 'Invidious deliberation: The problem of congressional bias in federal hate crime legislation' (2014), Rutgers Law Review, 66(3), pp.563-627
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Rao, A.R. & Rao, A., 'ASRtrans at SemEval-2022 Task 5: Transformer-based Models for Meme Classification' (2022), SemEval 2022 - 16th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, Proceedings of the Workshop, pp. 597-604
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Rao, M.C., Yelavarti, K.C. & Kalyan, N.P., 'A Framework for Hate Speech Detection using Different ML Algorithms' (2023), 7th International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics, ICOEI 2023 – Proceedings, pp. 960-966
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Rao, N.Y., 'Anti-Asian Hate and the Transpacific History of American Music; Or, Why Is “Chinatown, My Chinatown” Still Played?' (2022), American Music, 40(4), pp. 547–552
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Rappaport, J., 'Slurs and Toxicity: It’s Not About Meaning' (2020), Grazer Philosophische Studien, 97(1), pp. 177-202
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Rappuoli, L.A., 'A Simple Theory of Overt and Covert Dogwhistles' (2023), Manuscrito, 46(3), e-2022-0048-R2
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Räsänen, P., Hawdon, J., Holkeri, E., Keipi, T., Näsi, M. & Oksanen, A., 'Targets of online hate: Examining determinants of victimization among young Finnish Facebook users' (2016), Violence and Victims, 31(4), pp.708-725
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Rasdien, P., 'Green plea fails to save graffiti racist' (2005), The West Australian (Perth) 21 December 2005, 41
Rasheed, A.F., Zarkoosh, M., Abbas, S.F. & Sabah Al-Azzawi, S., 'Arabic Offensive Language Classification: Leveraging Transformer, LSTM, and SVM' (2023), Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applied Network Technologies, ICMLANT 2023
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Rashid, M.M.O., 'ToxLex_bn: A curated dataset of Bangla toxic language derived from Facebook comment' (2022), Data in Brief, 43, 108416
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Rashid, K., 'Politicisation of Islam and a Culture of Atrocities against Religious Minorities in Modern-Day Pakistan' (2023), Global Responsibility to Protect [online]
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Rashid, M., 'Queering Bangladeshi Blogging Networks: Legal Rights, Religious Fundamentalism, and the Politics of Blog Publics in Bangladeshi LGBTQ+ Activism' (2023), QED, 10(2), pp. 93–117
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Raskevičius, T.V., 'Lithuania: The “LGBT-blind” approach' (2018), in P. Godzisz & G. Viggiani (Eds.). Running through hurdles: Obstacles in the access to justice for victims of anti-LGBTI hate crimes (pp. 199-217). Warsaw: Lambda Warsaw Association.
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Rasoulikolamaki, S., Zhdanava, A., Mat Isa, N.A.N., Ahmad, M.N.N. & Kaur, S., 'A meta-discursive analysis of engagement markers in QAnon anti-immigration comments' (2023), Journal of Language and Politics, 22(6), pp. 894–917
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Ratcliff, J.J., Andrus, T., Miller, A.K., Olowu, F. & Capellupo, J., 'When Potential Allies and Targets Do (and Do Not) Confront Anti-Asian Prejudice: Reactions to Blatant and Subtle Prejudice During the COVID-19 Pandemic' (2023), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Ratcliff, S. & Schwadel, P., 'The role of religious contexts on hate crimes, 2003–2017' (2023), Social Science Quarterly [online]
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Rathakrishnan, A. & Sathiyanarayanan, R., 'Rumor Detection on Social Media Using Deep Learning Algorithms with Fuzzy Inference System for Healthcare Analytics System Using Covid-19 Dataset' (2023), International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, 2341008
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Rathje, J., 'Driven by Conspiracies: The Justification of Violence among “Reichsbürger” and Other Conspiracy-Ideological Sovereignists in Contemporary Germany' (2022), Perspectives on Terrorism, 16(6), pp. 49-61
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Rathnayake, H., Sumanapala, J., Rukshani, R. & Ranathunga, S., 'Adapter-based fine-tuning of pre-trained multilingual language models for code-mixed and code-switched text classification' (2022), Knowledge and Information Systems, 64(7), pp. 1937-1966
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Rathnayake, H., Sumanapala, J., Rukshani, R. & Ranathunga, S., 'AdapterFusion-based multi-task learning for code-mixed and code-switched text classification' (2024), Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 127, 107239
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Rathod, R.G., Barve, Y., Saini, J.R. & Rathod, S., 'From Data Pre-processing to Hate Speech Detection: An Interdisciplinary Study on Women-targeted Online Abuse' (2023), 2023 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Technologies, CONIT 2023
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Rathpisey, H. & Adji, T.B., 'Handling Imbalance Issue in Hate Speech Classification using Sampling-based Methods' (2019), Proceeding - 2019 5th International Conference on Science in Information Technology: Embracing Industry 4.0: Towards Innovation in Cyber Physical System, ICSITech 2019, 8987500, pp. 193-198
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Raturi, A., Joshi, K., Anupriya, Jain, P., Gupta, V.K. & Meena, J., 'Hate Speech Detection System using Machine Learning Algorithms' (2024), Proceedings - 2nd International Conference on Advancement in Computation and Computer Technologies, InCACCT 2024, pp. 446–451
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Rauniyar, K., Poudel, S., Shiwakoti, S., Thapa, S., Rashid, J., Kim, J., Imran, M. & Naseem, U., 'Multi-Aspect Annotation and Analysis of Nepali Tweets on Anti-Establishment Election Discourse' (2023), IEEE Access, 11
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Raut, R. & Spezzano, F., 'Enhancing hate speech detection with user characteristics' (2023), International Journal of Data Science and Analytics [online]
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Ravndal, J.A., Tandberg, C., Sessolo, S., Jupskås, A.R. & Bjørgo, T., 'RTV Trend Report 2023: Right-Wing Terrorism and Violence in Western Europe, 1990 – 2022' (2023), Center for Research on Extremism: The Extreme Right, Hate Crime and Political Violence, University of Oslo
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Rawat, A., Kumar, S. & Samant, S.S., 'Hate speech detection in social media: Techniques, recent trends, and future challenges' (2024), Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 16(2), e1648
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Ray, A. & George, J.F., 'Online hate and its routes to aggression: A research agenda' (2021), Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2020-January, pp. 6379-6389
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Ray, L. & Smith, D., 'Racist offenders and the politics of ‘hate crime’' (2001), Law and Critique, 12(3), pp.203-221
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Ray, L. & Smith, D., 'Racist offending, policing and community conflict' (2004), Sociology, 38(4), pp.681-699
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Ray, L. & Smith, D., 'Hate crime, violence and cultures of racism' (2002), in Iganski, P. (ed.) (2002) The Hate Debate. London: Profile Books.
Ray, L. & Smith, D., 'Racist violence as hate crime' (2002), Criminal Justice Matters, 48(1), pp.6-7
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Ray, L., Smith, D., & Wastell, L., 'Shame, rage and racist violence' (2004), British Journal of Criminology, 44(3), pp.350-368
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Rayani, R.K., Tekula, S., Vattigunta, S.K., Kovi, N.K. & Namitha, K., 'SecureComment: Safeguarding Online Discussions with Intelligent Toxic Comment Filtering' (2024), 2024 IEEE International Conference on Interdisciplinary Approaches in Technology and Management for Social Innovation, IATMSI 2024
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Rayburn, N.R. & Davison, G.C., 'Articulated thoughts about antigay hate crimes' (2002), Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(4), pp.431-447
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Rayburn, N.R., Earleywine, M. & Davison, G.C., 'Base rates of hate crime victimization among college students' (2003), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18(10), pp.1209-1221
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Rayner, M., 'Racial harassment: An overview' (1992), in Bird, G. (1992) Racial Harassment. National Centre for Crosscultural Studies in Law, Monash University
Razack, S.H., 'It Didn’t Begin in Hate: Why a Hate Crimes Framework Can’t Take Us to Abolition' (2023), State Crime Journal, 12(2), pp. 267–278
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Razdan, A. & Shridevi, S., 'Hate Speech Detection using ML algorithms' (2021), Proceedings - 2021 1st IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Vision, AIMV 2021
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Read, T., 'Update' (2016), The Police Journal, 89(4), pp.340-345
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Rébé, N. (Ed.), 'Regulating Cyber Technologies: Privacy vs Security' (2023), Singapore: World Scientific Publishing
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Rebrina, L.N., 'Hate show: Implementation of hate as a communicative phenomenon' (2022), Vestnik Volgogradskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Seriya 2. Yazykoznanie, 21(1), pp. 151–163
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Recker Rayburn, N., Earleywine, M. & Davison, G.C., 'An investigation of base rates of anti-gay hate crimes using the unmatched-count technique' (2003), Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 6(2), pp.137-152
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Recker Rayburn, N., Mendoza, M. & Davidson, G.C., 'Bystanders’ perceptions of perpetrators and victims of hate crime: An investigation using the person perception paradigm' (2003), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18(9), pp.1055-1074
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