Publications: R
Reddy, V., 'Perverts and sodomites: Homophobia as hate speech in Africa' (2002), Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 20(3), pp.163-175
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Reddy, B.A.C., Chandra, G.K., Sisodia, D.S. & Anuragi, A., 'Balancing Techniques for Improving Automated Detection of Hate Speech and Offensive Language on Social Media' (2023), 2023 2nd International Conference for Innovation in Technology, INOCON 2023
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Reddy, L.R., Gandham, S., Gandrathi, A., Kosuru, S. & Lakshmi, U.P., 'Detection of Cyberbullying Across Social Networks' (2024), 2024 International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Cybersecurity, ISCS 2024
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Redish, M.H., 'Freedom of thought as freedom of expression: Hate crime sentencing enhancement and first amendment theory' (1992), Criminal Justice Ethics, 11(2), pp.29-42
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Rees, J.H., Rees, Y.P.M., Hellmann, J.H. & Zick, A., 'Climate of Hate: Similar Correlates of Far Right Electoral Support and Right-Wing Hate Crimes in Germany' (2019), Frontiers in Psychology, 10(October)
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Rees, Y.P.M., 'Free Press Under Pressure? Experiences and Consequences of Hateful Harassment on Journalists in Germany' (2023), Media and Communication, 11(4), pp. 367–379
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Rees, Y.P.M., Kurtenbach, S., Rees, J.H. & Zick, A., 'Intergroup contact and conflict in a climate of exclusion: An interview study in the ethnically super-homogenous German town of Bautzen' (2022), Journal of Applied Social Psychology [online]
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Regehr, K., 'In(Cel)Doctrination: How Technologically Facilitated Misogyny Moves Violence off Screens and on to Streets' (2020), New Media and Society [online]
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Register, Y., Grasso, I., Weingarten, L.N., Fury, L., Chinea, C.E., Malloy, T.J. & Spiro, E.S., 'Beyond Initial Removal: Lasting Impacts of Discriminatory Content Moderation to Marginalized Creators on Instagram' (2024), Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 8(CSCW1), 23
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Reguero‐sanz, I., Berdón‐prieto, P. & Herrero‐izquierdo, J., 'Journalism in Democracy: A Discourse Analysis of Twitter Posts on the Ferrerasgate Scandal' (2023), Media and Communication, 11(2), pp. 176-187
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Rehaag, S., 'Bisexuals need not apply: A comparative appraisal of refugee law and policy in Canada, the United States, and Australia' (2009), The International Journal of Human Rights, 13(2-3), pp.415-436
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Rehman, A., Shah, M.A., Jabeen, M. & ul Ain, N., 'Twitter Sentiment Analysis Using ML and DL Algorithms' (2023), IET Conference Proceedings, 2023(14), pp. 41–45
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Reich, D., Todoki, A., Dowsley, R., de Cock, M. & Nascimento, A., 'Privacy-Preserving Classification of Personal Text Messages With Secure Multi-Party Computation: An Application to Hate-Speech Detection' (2019), Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 32
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Reichelmann, A., Hawdon, J., Costello, M., Ryan, J., Blaya, C., Llorent, V., Oksanen, A., Räsänen, P. & Zych, I., 'Hate Knows No Boundaries: Online Hate in Six Nations' (2020), Deviant Behavour [online]
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Reichelmann, A.V. & Costello, M., 'When Patriot Becomes Hate-triot: The Relationship Between American Identity and the Production of Cyberhate' (2021), American Journal of Criminal Justice [online]
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Reid, A., 'Does Regulating Hate Speech Undermine Democratic Legitimacy? A Cautious “No”' (2019), Res Publica [online]
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Reid, A., '‘Buses and Breaking Point: Freedom of Expression and the “Brexit” Campaign’' (2019), Ethical Theory and Moral Practice [online]
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Reid, S.F. & Smith, R.G., 'Regulating racial hatred' (1998), Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, 79, pp.1-6
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Reidpath, D.D. & Diamond, M.R., 'Models of inter-racial offending: An evaluation' (1998), Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 31(1), pp.27-37
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Reiff, M.R., 'The liberal conception of free speech and its limits' (2024), Jurisprudence [online]
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Reilly, A. & Johnson, K.K.P., 'Dress, body and experiences of victimization' (2017), Fashion, Style and Popular Culture, 4(3), pp.403-416
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Reingold, M. & Reznik, S., 'Heartless: Jewish Teens, Antisemitism, and Unfollowing Kanye West' (2024), Journal of Jewish Education [online]
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Reisner, S.L., Hughto, J.M.W., Dunham, E.E., Heflin, K.J., Begenyi, J.B.G., Coffey-Esquivel, J. & Cahill, S., 'Legal protections in public accommodations settings: A critical public health issue for transgender and gender-nonconforming people' (2015), Milbank Quarterly, 93(3), pp.484-515
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Reitz, C., 'Herbert Marcuse Today: On Ecological Destruction, Neofascism, White Supremacy, Hate Speech, Racist Police Killings, and the Radical Goals of Socialism' (2021), Theory, Culture and Society [online]
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Rękawek, K., 'Foreign Fighters in Ukraine: The Brown–Red Cocktail' (2023), London: Routledge
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Rekker, R. & Van Spanje, J., 'Hate Speech Prosecution of Politicians and its Effect on Support for the Legal System and Democracy' (2020), British Journal of Political Science [online]
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Relia, K., Li, Z., Cook, S.H., Chunara, R., 'Race, Ethnicity and National Origin-Based Discrimination in Social Media and Hate Crimes Across 100 U.S. Cities' (2019), Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Web and Social Media, ICWSM 2019, pp. 417-427
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Remedios, J.D. & Snyder, S.H., 'How women of color detect and respond to multiple forms of prejudice' (2015), Sex Roles
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Remon, N.I., Tuli, N.H. & Akash, R.D., 'Bengali Hate Speech Detection in Public Facebook Pages' (2022), 2022 International Conference on Innovations in Science, Engineering and Technology, ICISET 2022, pp. 169-173
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Ren, J. & Feagin, J., 'Face Mask Symbolism in Anti-Asian Hate Crimes' (2020), Ethnic and Racial Studies [online]
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Ren, Z. & Hood, R.W. Jr., 'Internalized homophobia scale for gay Chinese men: Conceptualization, factor structure, reliability, and associations with hypothesized correlates' (2018), American Journal of Men's Health [online], pp.1-10
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Reneau, C.-M. & Villarreal, M.A. (Eds.), 'Handbook of research on leading higher education transformation with social justice, equity, and inclusion' (2021), Hershey, PA: IGI Global
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Renshaw, D., 'Prejudice and paranoia: A comparative study of antisemitism and Sinophobia in turn-of-the-century Britain' (2016), Patterns of Prejudice, 50(1), pp.38-60
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Renton, D., 'No Free Speech for Fascists: Exploring ‘No Platform’ in History, Law and Politics' (2021), London: Routledge
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Ress, G., 'The Accountability of Social Network Account Holders – A Tightening of the Requirements by the ECtHR through its Sanchez v. France Judgment? | [Die Verantwortlichkeit der Inhaber von Konten bei sozialen Netzwerken – eine Verschärfung der Anforderungen durch den EGMR durch sein Urteil Sanchez gegen Frankreich?]' (2022), Zeitschrift fur Europarechtliche Studien, 25(1), pp. 75-88
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Retta, M., 'A pragmatic and discourse analysis of hate words on social media' (2023), Internet Pragmatics, 6(2), pp. 197–218
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Revathi, S., Muthu Priya, V., Akila, R. & Ismail, F., 'Hate Speech Detection Using Deep Learning Algorithms' (2024), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 1052 LNNS, pp. 31–39
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Reventlow, N.J., Penney, J., Johnson, A., Junco, R., Tilton, C., Coyer, K., Dad, N., Chaudhri, A., Mutung’u, G., Benesch, S., Lombana-Bermudez, A., Noman, H., Albert, K., Sterzing, A., Oberholzer-Gee, F., Melas, H., Zuleta, L., Kargar, S., Matias, J.N., Bourassa, N. & Gasser, U., 'Perspectives on harmful speech online' (2017), Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society Research Publication
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Reyes, A. & Saldívar, R., 'Linguistic-based Approach for Recognizing Implicit Language in Hate Speech: Exploratory Insights' (2022), Computacion y Sistemas, 26(1), pp. 101-111
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Reynolds, H., 'Violence in Australian history' (1991), in Chappell, D., Grabosky, P. & Strang, H. (eds.) Australian Violence: Contemporary Perspectives. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology
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Reynolds, L. & Parker, L., 'Digital resilience: Stronger citizens online' (2018), Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD)
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Reza El Akbar, R., Shofa, R.N., Paripurna, M.I. & Supratman, 'The Implementation of Naïve Bayes Algorithm for Classifying Tweets Containing Hate Speech with Political Motive' (2019), ICSECC 2019 - International Conference on Sustainable Engineering and Creative Computing: New Idea, New Innovation Proceedings, 8907208, pp. 144-148
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Rezvi, M.R. & Hossain, M.R., 'Exploring issues of online hate speech against minority religious groups in Bangladesh' (2023), Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication [online]
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Riaz, S., 'Does inequality foster xenophobia? Evidence from the German refugee crisis' (2023), Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies [online]
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Ribeiro, M.H., Ottoni, R., West, R., Almeida, V.A.F. & Wagner Meira, W.M., 'Auditing Radicalization Pathways on YouTube' (2020), FAT* 2020 - Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, pp. 131-141
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Ricca, M., 'The ‘Spaghettification’ of Performativity Across Cultural Boundaries: The Trans-culturality/Trans-Spatiality of Digital Communication As an Event Horizon for Speech Acts' (2022), International Journal for the Semiotics of Law [online]
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Rice, S., 'The missing words' (1995), Alternative Law Journal, 20(6), 304
Rich, D., 'Global antisemitism' (2014), in Hall, N., Corb, A., Giannasi, P. & Grieve, J. (eds.) (2014) The Routledge International Handbook on Hate Crime. London: Routledge
Rich, G.J., Kuriansky, J., Gielen, U.P. & Kaplin, D. (Eds.), 'Psychosocial Experiences and Adjustment of Migrants: Coming to the USA' (2023), Cambridge, MA: Academic Press
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Richard, A., 'Russian nationalism and ethnic violence: Symbolic violence, lynching, pogrom, and massacre' (2016), Abingdon; New York: Routledge