Publications: R
Ricketson, M., 'Slaying the dragons of racism' (1991), Time Australia, 17, 50
Rico-Sulayes, A., 'How to train an algorithm to detect hate speech in the Israel-Palestine conflict | Cómo entrenar a un algoritmo para detectar el lenguaje de odio en el conflicto Israel-Palestina' (2025), European Public and Social Innovation Review, 10
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Ridwan, M. & Utami, E., 'Optimized Hyperparameter Tuning for Improved Hate Speech Detection with Multilayer Perceptron' (2024), Jurnal RESTI, 8(4), pp. 525–534
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Ridwanullah, A.O., Sule, S.Y., Usman, B. & Abdulsalam, L.U., 'Politicization of Hate and Weaponization of Twitter/X in a Polarized Digital Space in Nigeria' (2024), Journal of Asian and African Studies [online]
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Rieger, D., Kümpel, A.S., Wich, M., Kiening, T. & Groh, G., 'Assessing the Extent and Types of Hate Speech in Fringe Communities: A Case Study of Alt-Right Communities on 8chan, 4chan, and Reddit' (2021), Social Media and Society, 7(4)
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Riekkinen, J., 'Targeting Targeted Harassment: Problems with Criminalization and Platform Liability' (2022), Jusletter IT, (June), pp. 383-392
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Rifat, R.H., Shruti, A.C., Kamal, M. & Sadeque, F., 'ACSMKRHR at SemEval-2023 Task 10: Explainable Online Sexism Detection (EDOS)' (2023), 17th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, SemEval 2023 - Proceedings of the Workshop, pp. 724–732
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Riggle, E.D.B., Rostosky, S.S. & Horne, S., 'Does it matter where you live? Nondiscrimination laws and the experiences of LGB residents' (2010), Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 7(3), pp.168-175
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Right Side - Human Rights Defender NGO, 'Hate crimes and other hate motivated incidents against trans people in Armenia 2016-2017 report' (2018)
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Rimmer, M., 'The black label: Trade mark dilution, culture jamming and the no logo movement' (2008), SCRIPT-ed, 5(1), pp.70-136
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Rinaldi, C., 'Homophobic Conduct as Normative Masculinity Test: Victimization, Male Hierarchies, and Heterosexualizing Violence in Hate Crimes' (2022), in Management Association, Information Resources (Eds.) Research Anthology on Inclusivity and Equity for the LGBTQ+ Community (pp. 89-112), Hershey, PA: IGI Global
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Ringnalda, A. & Kool, R., 'The prosecution of bias crime in the Netherlands and the problem of net-widening: Fundamental limits to criminal liability' (2012), Crime Law and Social Change, 58(1), pp.53-74
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Rini, Utami, E. & Hartanto, A.D., 'Systematic Literature Review of Hate Speech Detection with Text Mining' (2020), 2020 2nd International Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent System, ICORIS 2020, 9320755
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Rinner, S., 'Slurs and Freedom of Speech' (2022), Journal of Applied Philosophy [online]
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Rios-Campos, P., Rodríguez-Ávila, N. & Rodríguez-Martinez, P., 'Socials Theories of Hate: Geopolitical Analysis and Pedagogical Approaches | Teorías Sociales del Odio: Análisis Geopolítico y Enfoques Pedagógicos para Contrarrestarlo' (2025), HSE Social and Education History, 14(1), pp. 70–90
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Rippy, A.E. & Newman, E., 'Perceived religious discrimination and its relationship to anxiety and paranoia among Muslim Americans' (2006), Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 1(1), pp.5-20
Riquelme, F., Rivera, D. & Serrano, B., 'Analyzing the far-right political action on Twitter: The Chilean constituent process' (2022), Social Network Analysis and Mining, 12(1), 161
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Rishi, P., Abhishek, K.S. & Rity Nivedha, Y., 'Hate Speech Detection in Tweets using Support Vector Machine' (2024), Proceedings - International Conference on Computing, Power, and Communication Technologies, IC2PCT 2024, pp. 1171–1175
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Riskhan, B., Hossain, M.S. & Ashfaq, F., 'Religious Sentiment Analysis and Detection on Social Media' (2025), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 1152, pp. 245–262
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Risso Ferrand, M., 'Freedom Speech and Combat to Hate Speech | [La Libertad de Expresión y el Combate al Discurso del Odio]' (2020), Estudios Constitucionales, 18(1), pp. 51-89
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Ritter, L. (Ed.), 'American Conspiracism: An Interdisciplinary Exploration' (2024), New York: Routledge
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Rivadeneira-Pérez, E., de Jesús García-Santiago, M. & Callejas-Hernández, C., 'CIMAT-NLP at HOMO-MEX2023@IBERLEF: Machine Learning Techniques For Fine-grained Speech Detection Task' (2023), Proceedings of the Iberian Languages Evaluation Forum (IberLEF 2023) co-located with the Conference of the Spanish Society for Natural Language Processing (SEPLN 2023)
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Rivera, B.A.C., 'LGBTIQ-phobia, a Look at Crimes against Humanity from Sexual Diversity | LGBTIQ-fobia, una mirada a los delitos de lesa humanidad desde la diversidad sexual' (2024), Foro: Revista de Derecho, 2024(42), pp. 173–189
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Rivera-Martín, B. & Martínez de Bartolomé-Rincón, I., 'Analysis of Audiovisual Narrative, Violence and Hate Speech in Children’s Cartoons | Análisis de la narrativa audiovisual, la violencia y el discurso de odio en los dibujos animados infantiles' (2025), European Public and Social Innovation Review, 10
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Rivera-Martín, B., de Bartolomé Rincón, I.M. & López López, P.J., 'Hate speech towards LGTBIQ+ people: Media and social audience' (2022), Prisma Social, 39, pp. 213-233
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Rivo, V.A.S., 'Anti-religious discourse and freedom of speech: the criminal protection of religious feelings | DISCURSO ANTIRRELIGIOSO Y LIBERTAD DE EXPRESIÓN: LA TUTELA PENAL DE LOS SENTIMIENTOS RELIGIOSOS' (2023), Teoria y Realidad Constitucional, (51), pp. 385–415
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Riyadi, S., Andriyani, A.D. & Masyhur, A.M., 'Improving Hate Speech Detection Accuracy Using Hybrid CNN-RNN and Random Oversampling Techniques' (2024), 2024 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications, ISIEA 2024
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Riyadi, S., Andriyani, A.D., Masyhur, A.M., Damarjati, C. & Solihin, M.I., 'Detection of Indonesian Hate Speech on Twitter Using Hybrid CNN-RNN' (2023), Proceeding - International Conference on Information Technology and Computing 2023, ICITCOM 2023, pp. 352–356
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Riyadi, S., Divayu Andriyani, A. & Noraini Sulaiman, S., 'Improving Hate Speech Detection Using Double-Layers Hybrid CNN-RNN Model on Imbalanced Dataset' (2024), IEEE Access, 12, pp. 159660–159668
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Rizos, G., Hemker, K. & Schuller, B., 'Augment to Prevent: Short-Text Data Augmentation in Deep Learning for Hate-Speech Classification' (2019), International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, Proceedings, pp. 991-1000
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Rizzi, G., Astorino, A., Rosso, P. & Fersini, E., 'Unraveling Disagreement Constituents in Hateful Speech' (2024), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 14611 LNCS, pp. 21–29
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Rizzi, G., Gasparini, F., Saibene, A., Rosso, P. & Fersini, E., 'Recognizing misogynous memes: Biased models and tricky archetypes' (2023), Information Processing and Management, 60(5), 103474
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Rizzi, G., Gimeno-Gómez, D., Fersini, E. & Martínez-Hinarejos, C.D., 'PINK at EXIST2024: A Cross-Lingual and Multi-Modal Transformer Approach for Sexism Detection in Memes' (2024), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 3740, pp. 1177–1186
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Röbel, M., 'Hate Speech und die Grenzen der Kommunikation: Tillichs Fanatismus-Analysen im digitalen Zeitalter' (2022), in C. Danz, M. Dumas, W. Schüßler & B. Wagoner (Eds.) Liminal Spaces and Ethical Challenges: Yearbook 2021/2022 (pp. 93–115), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter
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Roberts, Greg, 'Scare trigger' (1995), 116(5971) Bulletin 36
Roberts, A. & Tamla Rai, V., 'Are Black Offenders Disproportionately Victimizing Asian Americans During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Comparison to Expected Racial Distributions and the Pre-Pandemic Period' (2024), Victims and Offenders [online]
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Roberts, C., Innes, M., Williams, M., Tregidga, J. & Gadd, D., 'Understanding who commits hate crime and why they do it' (2013), Welsh Government Social Research
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Roberts, J.M., 'Judith Butler, the Bakhtin Circle and Free Speech: State Hegemony, Race and Grievability in R.A.V. v. St Paul' (2022), Law and Critique [online]
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Roberts, N., Donovan, C. & Durey, M., 'Students’ help-seeking for experiences of interpersonal violence: How can universities respond?' (2023), Criminology and Criminal Justice [online]
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Robertson, S., 'Exception to excess: Tactical use of the law by outgroups in bias crime legislation' (2012), Law & Social Inquiry, 37(2), pp.456-475
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Robie, D., 'FRONTLINE New Zealand’s 23-day Parliament siege QAnon and how social media disinformation manufactured an ‘alternate reality’' (2022), Pacific Journalism Review, 28(1-2), pp. 105-113
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Robinson, A.N., 'Color-evasive free speech ideology: A conceptual analysis of free speech as racial oppression in U.S. higher education' (2021), Critical Studies in Education [online]
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Robinson, S. & Hiltz, E., 'Platformed misogyny in Depp v Heard: #justiceforjohnny and networked defamation' (2024), Feminist Media Studies [online]
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Robles, J., Lockwood, S., Cuevas, C.A., Farrell, A., Zhang, S. & Temple, J., 'The Effect of Bias Victimization on Mental Health Outcomes among a Sample of Latinx Adults' (2025), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 08862605251336352
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Robles, J.-M., Guevara, J.-A., Casas-Mas, B. & Gömez, D., 'When negativity is the fuel. Bots and Political Polarization in the COVID-19 debate | [Cuando la negatividad es el combustible. Bots y polarización política en el debate sobre el COVID-19]' (2022), Comunicar, 30(71), pp. 1-12
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Roca-Trenchs, N., López-Borrull, A. & Lalueza, F., 'Combating hate speech on Twitch: exploratory analysis of content moderation challenges | Combater o discurso de ódio no Twitch: análise exploratória dos desafios da moderação de conteúdos' (2025), Austral Comunicacion, 14(2), e01423
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Rocca, G., Lechiara, A., Gnecco, G.B., Magni, C., Gibelli, G. & Verde, A., 'How easy it is to hate on the net: who the haters are and why they do it | Quanto è facile odiare in rete: chi sono gli odiatori e perché lo fanno' (2024), Rassegna Italiana di Criminologia, 18(4), pp. 307–316
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Rocha, J., 'The homophobic sexual harassment claim and sexuality discrimination' (2015), Ratio Juris, 28(2), pp.204-215
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Roche, C., 'Like it is: 10 years on. Towards a hate crime service for under 25s' (2008), Galop.
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Rodrigo Jusué, I., 'Counter-terrorism training “at your kitchen table”: the promotion of “CT citizens” and the securitisation of everyday life in the UK' (2021), Critical Studies on Terrorism [online]
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