Publications: R
Rose. S.M. & Mechanic, M.B., 'Psychological distress, crime features and help-seeking behaviors related to homophobic bias incidents' (2002), American Behavioral Scientist, 46(1), pp.14-26
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Rosen, J.E. & Greif, G., 'The Voices of Interracial and Interethnic Couples Raising Biracial, Multiracial, and Bi-ethnic Children Under 10 Years Old' (2021), Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal [online]
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Rosen, Z.P. & Dale, R., 'Antisemitic and Islamophobic hate speech precedes a decrease in lexico-semantic diversity in comment threads online' (2025), Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1), 472
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Rosenfeld , A.H., 'The longest hatred renewed: A tribute to Robert Wistrich' (2017), Antisemitism Studies, 1(1), pp.1-14
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Rosenthal, P., 'The criminality of racial harassment' (1989), Canadian Human Rights Yearbook, pp.113-166
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Rosga, A.J., 'Deadly words: State power and the entanglement of speech and violence in hate crime' (2001), Law and Critique, 12(3), pp.223-252
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Rosni, T.R., Hasan, M., Mittra, T., Ali, M.S. & Ferdaus, M.H., 'Aggressive Bangla Text Detection Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms' (2025), Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2184 CCIS, pp. 174–183
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Ross, C.T., 'A multi-level Bayesian analysis of racial bias in police shootings at the county-level in the United States, 2011-2014' (2015), PLoS ONE, 10(11), Article number e0141854
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Roth, L., 'Provocation and self-defence in intimate partner and homophobic homicides' (2007), Briefing Paper No. 3/07, NSW Parliamentary Library Research Service.
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Roth, S. & Wald, H.S., 'US Medical Schools’ 2024 Commencements and Antisemitism: Addressing Unprofessional Behavior' (2025), Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal, 16(1), e0001
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Rothbart, D. & Stebbins, D.M., 'The Proud Boys Raging Righteously at the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021: A Hate Group in Action' (2022), Peace and Conflict [online]
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Rothblum, E.D., Brand, P.A., Miller, C.T. & Oetjen, H.A., 'The relationship between obesity, employment discrimination, and employment-related victimization' (1990), Journal of Vocational Behavior, 37, pp.251-266
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Rothenburg, J. & Coester, M., 'Towards a Complete Coverage of Reported Bias Crimes? – Findings and Shortcomings of the New Judicial Statistics on Hate Crime | Auf dem Weg zu einer vollständigen Erfassung des Hellfelds von Vorurteilskriminalität?– Erkenntnisse und Leerstellen der neuen Justizstatistik Hasskriminalität' (2024), Kriminologie, 6(4), pp. 209–227
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Rothman, F., Exner, D., & Baughman, L., 'The prevalence of sexual assault against people who identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual in the United States: A systematic review' (2011), Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 12(2), pp.55-66
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Rothschild, E., 'Recognizing another face of hate crimes: Rape as a gender-bias crime' (1993), Maryland Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues, 4, pp.231-286
Röttger, P., Nozza, D., Bianchi, F. & Hovy, D., 'Data-Efficient Strategies for Expanding Hate Speech Detection into Under-Resourced Languages' (2022), Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2022, pp. 5674-5691
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Roulstone, A., 'Disabled people, hate crime and citizenship' (2019), in B. Watermeyer, J. McKenzie & L. Swartz (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Disability and Citizenship in the Global South (pp.339-357). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
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Roulstone, A., 'Disabled people, hate crime and citizenship' (2018), in B. Watermeyer, J. McKenzie & L. Swartz (Eds.) The Palgrave Handbook of Disability and Citizenship in the Global South (pp. 339-357). London: Palgrave Macmillan
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Roulstone, A. & Mason-Bish, H. (eds.), 'Disability, hate crime and violence' (2012), Abingdon: Routledge.
Roulstone, A., Thomas, P. & Balderston, S., 'Between hate and vulnerability: Unpacking the British criminal justice system’s construction of disablist hate crime' (2011), Disability & Society, 26(3), pp.351-364
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Rouse, M., 'Combating hate without hate crimes: The hanging effigies of the 2008 presidential campaign' (2012), International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique, 25(2), pp.225-247
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Rousseau, C. & Hassan, G., '‘Current Challenges in Addressing Youth Mental Health in the Context of Violent Radicalization’' (2019), Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry [online]
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Rousseau, C., Johnson-Lafleur, J. & Desmarais, C., 'Surviving and Thriving in Spite of Hate: Burnout and Resiliency in Clinicians Working With Patients Attracted by Violent Extremism' (2025), American Journal of Orthopsychiatry [online]
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Roussos, G. & Dovidio, J.F., 'Hate speech is in the eye of the beholder: The influence of racial attitudes and freedom of speech beliefs on perceptions of racially motivated threats of violence' (2018), Social Psychological and Personality Science [online]
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Roussos, G. & Dovidio, J.F., 'Homonegativity, perceived free speech protections, and perceptions of harm predict judgments of hateful acts motivated by sexual prejudice' (2018), Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity [online]
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Rovira Kaltwasser, C., Salas-Lewin, R. & Zanotti, L., 'Supporting and rejecting the populist radical right: Evidence from contemporary Chile' (2024), Nations and Nationalism [online]
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Rowbottom, J., 'A thumb on the scale: measures short of a prohibition to combat hate speech' (2022), Journal of Media Law [online]
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Rowe, M., 'Policing, race and racism' (2004), Cullompton: Willan
Rowe, M. & Garland, J., 'Paying the price? Why football still has a problem: Mike Rowe and Jon Garland assess the ongoing presence of racism in football' (2012), Criminal Justice Matters, 88(1), pp.30-31
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Rowe, M., Lewis, R. & Wiper, C., 'Misogyny online: Extending the boundaries of hate crime' (2018), Journal of Gender-Based Violence [online]
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Roxburgh, A., 'Preachers of hate: The rise of the far right' (2002), London: Gibson Square Books
Roxell, L., 'Hate, threats, and violence. A register study of persons suspected of hate crime' (2011), Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 12(2), pp.198-215
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Roy, K., 'American Dark Age: Racial Feudalism and the Rise of Black Liberalism' (2024), Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
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Roy, P.K., 'MMFFHS: Multi-Modal Feature Fusion for Hate Speech Detection on Social Media' (2024), IEEE Transactions on Big Data [online]
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Roy, P.K. & Kumar, A., 'Ensuring safety in digital spaces: Detecting code-mixed hate speech in social media posts' (2025), Data and Knowledge Engineering, 156, 102409
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Roy, P.K., Bhawal, S. & Subalalitha, C.N., 'Hate speech and offensive language detection in Dravidian languages using deep ensemble framework' (2022), Computer Speech and Language, 75, 101386
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Roy, P.K., Tripathy, A.K., Das, T.K. & Gao, X.-Z., 'A framework for hate speech detection using deep convolutional neural network' (2020), IEEE Access, 8, 204951, pp. 204951-204962
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Roy, S.S., Roy, A., Samui, P., Gandomi, M. & Gandomi, A.H., 'Hateful Sentiment Detection in Real-Time Tweets: An LSTM-Based Comparative Approach' (2023), IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems [online]
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Roy, T., Islam, Md.R., Miazee, A.A., Antara, A., Al Amin & Hossain, S., 'English Offensive Text Detection using CNN based Bi-GRU model' (2024), 2nd International Conference on Information and Communication Technology, ICICT 2024, pp. 1–5
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Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody (Dodson, P L, Commissioner), 'Race relations of an Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal kind' (1991), Regional Report of Inquiry into Underlying Issues in Western Australia Vol 1. 436-443
Roychowdhury, S. & Gupta, V., 'Data-Efficient Methods For Improving Hate Speech Detection' (2023), EACL 2023 - 17th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Findings of EACL 2023, pp. 125-132
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Royo, E.S., 'Freedom of expression, hate and social networks: the options of the Spanish democratic legislator | LIBERTAD DE EXPRESIÓN, ODIO Y REDES SOCIALES: LAS OPCIONES DEL LEGISLADOR DEMOCRÁTICO ESPAÑOL' (2024), Revista Espanola de Derecho Constitucional, 2024(132), pp. 71–103
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Rozgonyi, K., 'Negotiating new audiovisual rules for video sharing platforms: Proposals for a responsive governance model of speech online | [Negociació d’un nou marc normatiu per a les plataformes audiovisuals d’ús compartit: Propostes per a un model de governança responsable de la llibertat d’expressió en línia]' (2020), Revista Catalana de Dret Public, 2020(61), pp. 83-98
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Ruback, R.B., Gladfelter, A.S. & Lantz, B., 'Hate crime victimization data in Pennsylvania: A useful complement to the Uniform Crime Reports' (2018), Violence and Victims, 33(2), pp.330-350
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Rubenstein, W. B., 'The real story of U.S. hate crimes statistics: An empirical analysis' (2004), Tulane Law Review, 78(4), pp.1213-1246
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Rubenstein, C., 'Whose freedom should the law protect?' (1995), Montage: News and Views from Monash University, 6(1), 15
Ruby Patel, R., 'The Maternal Body, HIV and Race: Dual Raced and Ambivalent Maternal Experiences in a Vertically Infected HIV-Positive Adolescent' (2024), Psychoanalytic Social Work [online]
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Rucco, D., Anzani, A., Scandurra, C., Pennasilico, A. & Prunas, A., 'Structural Stigma and Bisexual + People: Effects of the Rejection of the Zan Bill in Italy on Minority Stress and Mental Health' (2022), Journal of Bisexuality [online]
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Rucco, D., Toffoli, G., Anzani, A. & Prunas, A., 'A Networked Model of Ecological Systems Theory to Discuss Concerns in Italian Bisexual+ and Transgender People After the Block of the “Zan Bill” by Senate' (2023), Sexuality Research and Social Policy [online]
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Rudnicki, K., Vandebosch, H., Voué, P. & Poels, K., 'Systematic review of determinants and consequences of bystander interventions in online hate and cyberbullying among adults' (2022), Behaviour and Information Technology [online]
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