Publications: S
Soneji, A., Hamilton, V., Doupé, A., McDonald, A. & Redmiles, E.M., '“I feel physically safe but not politically safe”: Understanding the Digital Threats and Safety Practices of OnlyFans Creators' (2024), Proceedings of the 33rd USENIX Security Symposium, pp. 1–18
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Song Richardson, L. & Goff, P.A., 'Implicit racial bias in public defender triage' (2013), Yale Law Journal, 122(8), pp.2626-2649
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Song, J.E., Ngo, N.T., Vigneron, J.G., Lee, A., Sust, S., Martin, A. & Yuen, E.Y., 'CHATogether: a novel digital program to promote Asian American Pacific Islander mental health in response to the COVID-19 pandemic' (2022), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 16(1), 76
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Song, M., 'Detecting Misogynia in Italian Tweets: A Linguistic and Contextual based Method' (2022), Proceedings - 2022 International Conference on Computers, Information Processing and Advanced Education, CIPAE 2022, pp. 67-72
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Sönmez, E., '“But nobody came to any harm”: managing near everyday hostility: the coping strategies of mosque staff in Britain' (2025), Ethnic and Racial Studies [online]
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Sonn, T. (Ed.), 'Overcoming Orientalism: Essays in Honor of John L. Esposito' (2021), Oxford: Oxford University Press
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Sonrexa, J., Kelly, L.M., Barton, G. & Ware, A., 'Perspectives on violent extremism from development–humanitarian NGO staff in Southeast Asia' (2022), Third World Quarterly [online]
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Sood, O. & Dandapat, S., 'Problematic Webpage Identification: A Trilogy of Hatespeech, Search Engines and GPT' (2023), Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 126–137
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Sookarah, D. & Ramwodin, L.S., 'Combatting online harassment by using transformer language models for the detection of emotions, hate speech and offensive language on social media' (2022), ELECOM 2022 - Proceedings of the 2022 4th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
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Soral, W., Bieńkowski, M. & Bilewicz, M., 'Hate Speech on the Map of Stereotype Content' (2025), Social Psychology [online]
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Soral, W., Bieńkowski, M. & Bilewicz, M., 'Hate Speech on the Map of Stereotype Content: Verbal Aggression Is Targeted at Contempt-Evoking Outgroups' (2024), Social Psychology, 55(6), pp. 285–294
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Soral, W., Liu, J.H. & Bilewicz, M., 'Media of Contempt: Social Media Consumption Predicts Normative Acceptance of Anti-Muslim Hate Speech and Islamoprejudice' (2020), International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 14, pp. 1-13
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Soral, W., Malinowska, K. & Bilewicz, M., 'The Role of Empathy in Reducing Hate Speech Proliferation. Two Contact-Based Interventions in Online and Off-line Settings' (2022), Peace and Conflict [online]
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Soral, W., Świderska, A., Puchała, D. & Bilewicz, M., 'Desensitization to hate speech: Examination using heart rate measurement' (2023), Aggressive Behavior [online]
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Sorato, D., 'Using Word Embeddings for Immigrant and Refugee Stereotype Quantification in a Diachronic and Multilingual Setting' (2022), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 3270, pp. 58-66
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Sorato, D., Goularte, F.B. & Fileto, R., 'Short Semantic Patterns: A Linguistic Pattern Mining Approach for Content Analysis Applied to Hate Speech' (2020), International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools, 29(2), 2040002
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Sorell, T. & Kelsall, J., 'Violent Video Games, Recruitment and Extremism' (2025), Criminal Justice Ethics [online]
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Soria, M.G.C. & Castiglioni, M.C., 'Media and information literacy and hate speech: a necessary relationship | Letramento midiático e informacional e discurso de ódio: uma relação necessária' (2024), Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciencia da Informacao, 17(1), pp. 175–190
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Sornalakshmi, R.R., Ramu, M., Raghuveer, K., Vuyyura, V.A., Venkateswarlu, D. & Balakumar, A., 'Harmful News Detection using BERT model through sentimental analysis' (2024), 2024 International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Advanced Applications, ICISAA 2024
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Sorrentino, D., 'Words are stones: hate compounds in German: Some examples from Twitter posts by members of the Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) | orte sind Steine: i composti dell’odio in tedesco. Alcuni esempi dai post su Twitter di esponenti del partito Alternative für Deutschland (AfD)' (2024), Analisi Linguistica e Letteraria, 32(2), pp. 55–74
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Sosa, L., 'Now You See Me? The Visibility of Trans and Travesti Experiences in Criminal Procedures' (2020), Politics and Governance, 8(3), pp. 266-277
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Sosinski, M. & Sánchez García, F.J., '“Invasion effect” Populism and ideology in the Spanish political discourse on refugees. The Vox case | [“Efecto invasión” Populismo e ideología en el discurso político español sobre los refugiados. El caso de Vox]' (2022), Discurso y Sociedad, 16(1), pp. 149-172
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Soto, C.A.A., 'Discourse by readers of digital media about police violence against women: Another form of virtual violence?' (2018), Estudios Sobre el Mensaje Periodistico 24(2), pp. 1023-1041
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Soto, C.A.A. & Sánchez, K.D.V., 'Internet Violence Against Chilean Feminists and Other Activists | [Violencia En Internet Contra Feministas Y Otras Activistas Chilenas]' (2019), Revista Estudos Feministas, 27(3), e58797
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Soto, C.P., Nunes, G.M.S., Gomes, J.G.R.C. & Nedjah, N., 'Application-specific word embeddings for hate and offensive language detection' (2022), Multimedia Tools and Applications [online]
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Sottiaux, S., 'Conflicting Conceptions of Hate Speech in the ECtHR’s Case Law' (2022), German Law Journal, 23(9), pp. 1193-1211
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Soule, S.A. & Earl, J., 'The enactment of state-level hate crime law in the United States: Intrastate and interstate factors' (2001), Sociological Perspectives, 44(3), pp.281-305
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Soule, S.A. & Van Dyke, N., 'Black Church Arson in the United States, 1989-1996' (1999), Ethnic and Racial Studies, 22(4), pp.724-742
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Southern Poverty Law Center [SPLC], 'Ten ways to fight hate: A community resource guide' (2017)
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Soyer, F., 'Faith, culture and fear: Comparing Islamophobia in early modern Spain and twenty-first-century Europe' (2014), Ethnic and Racial Studies, 36(3), pp.399-416
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Spada, I., Lai, M. & Patti, V., 'Inters8: A Corpus to Study Misogyny and Intersectionality on Twitter' (2023), Proceedings of the 9th Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics (CLiC-it 2023)
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Spade, D. & Shame, G., 'It Is Easier to Hate Gay Shame than to Hate a Murderous World' (2024), Transgender Studies Quarterly, 11(1), pp. 16–33
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Spaid, S., 'On deterring hate speech, while maximizing security and privacy' (2024), in S. Caballé, J. Casas-Roma & J. Conesa (Eds.) Ethics in Online Ai-Based Systems: Risks and Opportunities in Current Technological Trends (pp. 365–381), Cambridge, MA: Academic Press
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Spalek, B., 'Communities, identities and crime' (2008), Bristol: The Policy Press.
Spalek, B., 'Hate crimes against British Muslims in the aftermath of September 11th' (2002), Criminal Justice Matters, 48(1), pp.20-21
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Spencer, K.B., Charbonneau, A.K. & Glaser, J., 'Implicit bias and policing' (2015), Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 10(1), pp.50-63
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Spieldenner, A.R. & Glenn, C.L., 'Scripting hate crimes: Victim, space and perpetrator defining hate' (2014), Continuum, 28(1), pp.123-135
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Spinde, T., Richter, E., Wessel, M., Kulshrestha, J. & Donnay, K., 'What do Twitter comments tell about news article bias? Assessing the impact of news article bias on its perception on Twitter' (2023), Online Social Networks and Media, 37-38, 100264
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Spizzirri, G., Eufrásio, R.Á., Abdo, C.H.N. & Lima, M.C.P., 'Proportion of ALGBT adult Brazilians, sociodemographic characteristics, and self-reported violence' (2022), Scientific Reports, 12(1), 11176
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Spohn, C., 'Race, crime, and punishment in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries' (2015), Crime and Justice, 44(1), pp.49-97
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Sponholz, L., 'Hate Speech in den Massenmedien: Theoretische Grundlagen und empirische Umsetzung' (2018), Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften
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Sponholz, L., 'Hate Speech in Sozialen Medien: Motor der Eskalation?' (2019), in H. Friese, M. Nolden & M. Schreiter (Eds.), Rassismus im Alltag (pp. 157-178). Bielefeld: transcript Verlag (in German only)
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Sponholz, L., 'Der Begriff „Hate Speech“ in der Deutschsprachigen Forschung. Eine Empirische Begriffsanalyse [The Concept “Hate Speech” in German-speaking Research. An Empirical Conceptual Analysis]' (2020), SWS-Rundschau 1, pp. 45-63 [in German only]
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Sponholz, L., & Christofoletti, R., 'From preachers to comedians: Ideal types of hate speakers in Brazil' (2019), Global Media and Communication, 15(1), pp. 67–84
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Spoo, R. & Stern, S. (Eds.), 'Elgar Concise Encyclopedia of Law and Literature' (2025), Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing
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Sportelli, C., Cicirelli, P.G., Paciello, M., Corbelli, G. & D'Errico, F., '“Let’s Make the Difference!” Promoting Hate Counter-Speech in Adolescence Through Empathy and Digital Intergroup Contact' (2025), Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 35(1), e70028
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Sreelakshmi, K., Premjith, B. & Soman, K.P., 'Detection of Hate Speech Text in Hindi-English Code-mixed Data' (2020), Procedia Computer Science, 171, pp. 737-744
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Sreelakshmi, K., Premjith, B., Chakravarthi, B.R. & Soman, K.P., 'Detection of Hate Speech and Offensive Language CodeMix Text in Dravidian Languages using Cost-Sensitive Learning Approach' (2024), IEEE Access [online]
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Sreelakshmi, K., Premjith, B., Gopalakrishnan, E.A. & Soman, K.P., 'Study of Markov Chains for the Identification of the Hate Contents in Hinglish' (2022), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 446, pp. 215-224
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Srikissoon, T. & Marivate, V., 'Combating Hate: How Multilingual Transformers Can Help Detect Topical Hate Speech' (2023), EPiC Series in Computing, 93, pp. 203-215
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