Publications: LGBTQI hate crime
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Raj, S., 'Once more with feeling: Queer activist legal scholarship and jurisprudence' (2018), International Journal of Human Rights [online]
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Raj, V.S., Priyadharshini, R., Rajiakodi, S. & Chakravarthi, B.R., 'Bayesian Q-learning in multi-objective reward model for homophobic and transphobic text classification in low-resource languages: A hypothesis testing framework in multi-objective setting' (2025), Natural Language Processing Journal, 11, 100152
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Raj, V.S., Subalalitha, C.N., Sambath, L., Glavin, F. & Chakravarthi, B.R., 'ConBERT-RL: A policy-driven deep reinforcement learning based approach for detecting homophobia and transphobia in low-resource languages' (2024), Natural Language Processing Journal, 6, 100040
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Ramirez, J.L., Gonzalez, K.A. & Galupo, M.P., '“Invisible during my own crisis”: Responses of LGBT people of color to the Orlando shooting' (2017), Journal of Homosexuality [online], pp.1-21 .
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Ramos, T.G. & Campos, A.A., 'From Grey Houses to Rainbow Homes. A Review of Specific Supportive Housing for LGTBIQ+ People Experiencing Homelessness in Europe | De casas cinzentas a casas arco-íris. Uma análise das habitações de apoio específicas para pessoas LGTBIQ+ sem-abrigo na Europa' (2025), Ex Aequo, (51), pp. 61–80
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Rashid, M., 'Queering Bangladeshi Blogging Networks: Legal Rights, Religious Fundamentalism, and the Politics of Blog Publics in Bangladeshi LGBTQ+ Activism' (2023), QED, 10(2), pp. 93–117
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Raskevičius, T.V., 'Lithuania: The “LGBT-blind” approach' (2018), in P. Godzisz & G. Viggiani (Eds.). Running through hurdles: Obstacles in the access to justice for victims of anti-LGBTI hate crimes (pp. 199-217). Warsaw: Lambda Warsaw Association.
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Rayburn, N.R. & Davison, G.C., 'Articulated thoughts about antigay hate crimes' (2002), Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(4), pp.431-447
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Recker Rayburn, N., Earleywine, M. & Davison, G.C., 'An investigation of base rates of anti-gay hate crimes using the unmatched-count technique' (2003), Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 6(2), pp.137-152
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Reddy, V., 'Perverts and sodomites: Homophobia as hate speech in Africa' (2002), Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 20(3), pp.163-175
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Rehaag, S., 'Bisexuals need not apply: A comparative appraisal of refugee law and policy in Canada, the United States, and Australia' (2009), The International Journal of Human Rights, 13(2-3), pp.415-436
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Reisner, S.L., Hughto, J.M.W., Dunham, E.E., Heflin, K.J., Begenyi, J.B.G., Coffey-Esquivel, J. & Cahill, S., 'Legal protections in public accommodations settings: A critical public health issue for transgender and gender-nonconforming people' (2015), Milbank Quarterly, 93(3), pp.484-515
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Ren, Z. & Hood, R.W. Jr., 'Internalized homophobia scale for gay Chinese men: Conceptualization, factor structure, reliability, and associations with hypothesized correlates' (2018), American Journal of Men's Health [online], pp.1-10
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Reneses, M., Riberas-Gutiérrez, M. & Bueno-Guerra, N., '“It’s just a joke”: gender, sexuality and trivialisation in adolescent online violence such as cyberhate, cyberbullying, and online grooming' (2025), Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1), 740
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Repp, A.M. & Garcia, W.P., 'The Naturalization of the Absurd: Bolsonarist Policy and the Legitimation of Hate Speech | A NATURALIZAÇÃO DO ABSURDO: POLÍTICA BOLSONARISTA E A LEGITIMAÇÃO DO DISCURSO DE ÓDIO' (2024), Psicologia e Sociedade, 36, e285719
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Richardson-Self, L., 'Cis-Hetero-Misogyny Online' (2019), Ethical Theory and Moral Practice [online]
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Riggle, E.D.B., Rostosky, S.S. & Horne, S., 'Does it matter where you live? Nondiscrimination laws and the experiences of LGB residents' (2010), Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 7(3), pp.168-175
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Rinaldi, C., 'Homophobic Conduct as Normative Masculinity Test: Victimization, Male Hierarchies, and Heterosexualizing Violence in Hate Crimes' (2022), in Management Association, Information Resources (Eds.) Research Anthology on Inclusivity and Equity for the LGBTQ+ Community (pp. 89-112), Hershey, PA: IGI Global
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Rios, R.R., 'LGBTQIA+ rights and neoconservative reaction: anti-discriminatory legal analysis of legislative “gay cure” initiatives | Direitos LGBTQIA+ e reação neoconservadora: análise jurídica antidiscriminatória das propostas legislativas de “cura gay”' (2025), Revista De Investigacoes Constitucionais, 12(1), e506
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Rivera, B.A.C., 'LGBTIQ-phobia, a Look at Crimes against Humanity from Sexual Diversity | LGBTIQ-fobia, una mirada a los delitos de lesa humanidad desde la diversidad sexual' (2024), Foro: Revista de Derecho, 2024(42), pp. 173–189
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Rivera-Martín, B., de Bartolomé Rincón, I.M. & López López, P.J., 'Hate speech towards LGTBIQ+ people: Media and social audience' (2022), Prisma Social, 39, pp. 213-233
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Rocha, J., 'The homophobic sexual harassment claim and sexuality discrimination' (2015), Ratio Juris, 28(2), pp.204-215
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Roche, C., 'Like it is: 10 years on. Towards a hate crime service for under 25s' (2008), Galop.
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Rodriguez, S.M., 'Queer abolitionist alternatives to criminalising hate violence' (2021), in M.J. Coyle & D. Scott (Eds), The Routledge International Handbook of Penal Abolition, London: Routledge
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Rodríguez Gobiet, J.P. & Morales Rodríguez, F.M., 'Research on homophobia in rural Andalusian classrooms | Estudio sobre homofobia en aulas rurales andaluzas' (2024), European Public and Social Innovation Review, 9
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Rodríguez Madera, S.L., 'From Necropraxis to Necroresistance: Transgender Experiences in Latin America' (2020), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Rorholm, M. & Gambrell, K., 'The pink triangle as an interruptive symbol' (2019), Journal of Hate Studies, 15(1), pp. 63-81
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Ros-Moreno, E., García-Rojas, A.D. & Carrasco-Macías, M.J., 'Current Reality About The Trans* Inclusion In Spain | Realidad Actual Sobre La Inclusión Del Colectivo Trans* En España' (2024), Generos, 13(3), pp. 175–196
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Rosario, J.R., Elsharnouby, E. & Cardemil, E.V., '“We Had to Care About Ourselves”: Distress and Coping Among Gay, Bisexual, and Queer (GBQ+) Latinx Men After the Pulse Nightclub Shooting' (2024), Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 17(3), pp. 485–493
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Rosati, F., Compare, C., Lorusso, M.M., Baiocco, R., Albanesi, C., Pistella, J. & Pellegrini, V., 'Italian Political Agendas on LGBTQIA+ Issues: Perceived Stigma and Civic Engagement Among Sexual and Gender Marginalized Communities' (2025), Sexuality Research and Social Policy [online]
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Rosauro, C.F. & Cuadros, M., 'Hate Speech Detection Against the Mexican Spanish LGBTQ+ Community Using BERT-based Transformers' (2023), Proceedings of the Iberian Languages Evaluation Forum (IberLEF 2023) co-located with the Conference of the Spanish Society for Natural Language Processing (SEPLN 2023)
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Rose, S.M., 'Community interventions concerning Homophobic violence and partner violence against Lesbians' (2003), Journal of Lesbian Studies, 7(4), pp.125-139
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Rose. S.M. & Mechanic, M.B., 'Psychological distress, crime features and help-seeking behaviors related to homophobic bias incidents' (2002), American Behavioral Scientist, 46(1), pp.14-26
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Roth, L., 'Provocation and self-defence in intimate partner and homophobic homicides' (2007), Briefing Paper No. 3/07, NSW Parliamentary Library Research Service.
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Rothman, F., Exner, D., & Baughman, L., 'The prevalence of sexual assault against people who identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual in the United States: A systematic review' (2011), Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 12(2), pp.55-66
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Roussos, G. & Dovidio, J.F., 'Homonegativity, perceived free speech protections, and perceptions of harm predict judgments of hateful acts motivated by sexual prejudice' (2018), Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity [online]
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Rucco, D., Anzani, A., Scandurra, C., Pennasilico, A. & Prunas, A., 'Structural Stigma and Bisexual + People: Effects of the Rejection of the Zan Bill in Italy on Minority Stress and Mental Health' (2022), Journal of Bisexuality [online]
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Rucco, D., Toffoli, G., Anzani, A. & Prunas, A., 'A Networked Model of Ecological Systems Theory to Discuss Concerns in Italian Bisexual+ and Transgender People After the Block of the “Zan Bill” by Senate' (2023), Sexuality Research and Social Policy [online]
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Ruffini, J.A. & Ruffini, P.A., 'U.S. Domestic and Transnational Terrorism: A Guide to Threats Without Borders' (2025), Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press
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Ruiz-Azcona, L., Pellico-López, A., Manjón-Rodríguez, J.B., Sánchez Movellán, M., Ajo Bolado, P., García-Vázquez, J., Hernández-Aguado, I., Cayón-De Las Cuevas, J. & Paz-Zulueta, M., 'Evolution of Legislation and Crimes Based on Sexual Identity or Orientation in Spain: A Retrospective Observational Study (2011–2021)' (2022), International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2), 859
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Rushton, A. & Scarlett, J., 'The blame game: disaster, queerness and prejudice' (2023), Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal [online]
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Russell, S.T., Franz, B.T. & Driscoll, A.K., 'Same-sex romantic attraction and experiences of violence in adolescence' (2001), American Journal of Public Health, 91(6), pp.903-906
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Ruthchild, C., 'Don’t frighten the horses! A systemic perspective on violence against lesbians and gay men' (1997), in Mason, G. & Tomsen, S. (eds.) Homophobic Violence. Australia: Hawkins Press.
Ruz, G., 'Demystifying Masculinity: Exploring the Queer Subject and Homophobia in Fernanda Melchor’s Temporada de Huracanes (2017) | Desmitificando la masculinidad: la presencia del sujeto queer y la homofobia en Temporada de huracanes (2017) de Fernanda Melchor' (2024), Lexis (Peru), 48(2), pp. 950–985
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Ryan, E. & Leeson, T., 'Hate groups and hate crime' (2011), International Review of Law & Economics, 31(4), pp.256-262
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Rye, B.J. & Meaney, G.J., 'Impact of a homonegativity awareness workshop on attitudes toward homosexuality' (2009), Journal of Homosexuality, 56(1), pp.31-55
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Sabido, M., Kerr, L.R.F.S., Mota, R.S., Benzaken, A.S., De A. Pinho, A., Guimaraes, M.D.C., Dourado, I., Merchan-Hamman, E. & Kendall, C., 'Sexual violence against men who have sex with men in Brazil: A respondent-driven sampling survey' (2015), AIDS and Behavior, 19(2)
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Sadurní, N., Leotti, P., Antonio Langarita, J. & Vallvé, X., 'Tackling anti-LGBT hate crime in Spain: A patchwork of realities' (2018), in P. Godzisz & G. Viggiani (Eds.). Running through hurdles: Obstacles in the access to justice for victims of anti-LGBTI hate crimes (pp. 247-265). Warsaw: Lambda Warsaw Association.
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Sánchez-Holgado, P., Gomes-Barbosa, M., Mera-Alonso, D.J. & Arcila-Calderón, C., 'Social debate and hate speech around the Trans Law in Spain: A systematic literature review' (2024), Sexuality, Gender and Policy, 7(4), pp. 404–420
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Sánchez-Sánchez, A.M., Ruiz-Muñoz, D. & Sánchez-Sánchez, F.J., 'Mapping Homophobia and Transphobia on Social Media' (2023), Sexuality Research and Social Policy [online]
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