Publications: Hate crime models
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Peretz-Lange, R., Carvalho, K. & Muentener, P., 'Children’s Essentialist Beliefs About Weight' (2023), Journal of Cognition and Development [online]
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Pérez de la Fuente, O., 'Clicks That Hurt: Persons with Disabilities and the Challenge of Online Hate Speech' (2025), in O. Pérez de la Fuente & J. Skrzypczak (Eds.), Bridging the Digital Divide: Perspectives on Inequality and Discrimination in the Digital Age (pp. 207–233), Cham: Palgrave Macmillan
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Pérez Ramírez, M., Chiclana, S., Méndez, R.C. & Suárez, A., 'Sociodemographic and psycho social Differences Between Hate Crime Offenders and Other Non-Bias-Motivated Criminals: Implications for Prison Rehabilitation Programs' (2022), International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology [online]
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Pérez-Arredondo, C., Ivanova, A. & Graells-Garrido, E., 'Immigrant-Friendly Stakeholders and the Use of Twitter as a Digital Third Space in Chile: Is That So?' (2025), Journal of Language and Discrimination, 9(1), pp. 57–83
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Pérez-Portabella-lópez, A., 'Gender Bias, Stereotypes and Diversity on Digital Platforms' (2024), Profesional de la Informacion, 33(5), e330510
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Peroni, C. & Demurtas, P., 'Unpacking LGBT+ hate crimes discourse in Italy: between symbolic recognition and claims for sexual citizenship' (2024), Safer Communities [online]
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Perry, B., '“Button-down terror”: The metamorphosis of the hate movement' (2000), Sociological Focus, 33(2), pp.113-131
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Petach, L. & Rumbaugh, D., 'Hate Crime and Human Capital' (2024), Review of Black Political Economy [online]
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Peters, C. & Allan, S., 'Weaponizing Memes: The Journalistic Mediation of Visual Politicization' (2021), Digital Journalism [online]
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Pető, A. & Juhász, B., 'Legacies and recipe of constructing successful righteous motherhood policies: The case of Hungary' (2024), Women's Studies International Forum, 103, 102885
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Petroni, L.C., 'The Moral Economy of Extremism | A ECONOMIA MORAL DO EXTREMISMO' (2025), Novos Estudos Cebrap, 44(2), e202513209
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Petrosino, C. & Pace, J., 'Social cohesion, collective efficacy, and the response of a Cape Verdean community to hate crime: Learning a new reality' (2015), American Behavioral Scientist, 59(13), pp.1681-1697
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Petrova, M. & Tapsoba, A., 'Information and conflict: From the role of (social) media and public opinion to big data and forecasting' (2025), Economic Policy, 40(124), pp. 845–878
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Pettersson, K. & Norocel, O.C., 'Vernacular constructions of the relationship between freedom of speech and (potential) hate speech: The case of Finland' (2024), European Journal of Social Psychology [online]
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Pettersson, K. & Sakki, I., '‘You truly are the worst kind of racist!’: Argumentation and polarization in online discussions around gender and radical-right populism' (2022), British Journal of Social Psychology [online]
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Pettis, R.W., Valencia, Z. & Williams, B.J., 'Pride and Prejudice: Same-Sex Marriage Legalization Announcements and Hate Crimes' (2022), Journal of Law and Economics, 65(4), pp. 811-835
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Piatkowska, S.J. & Messner, S.F., 'Group Threat, Same-Sex Marriage, and Hate Crime Based on Sexual Orientation' (2020), Justice Quarterly [online]
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Piatkowska, S.J. & Stults, B.J., 'Brexit, Terrorist Attacks, and Hate Crime: A Longitudinal Analysis' (2022), Social Problems, 69(4), pp. 968-996
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Piatkowska, S.J. & Whittington, W., 'COVID-19 as a trigger for racially motivated and extremist violent crime: a temporal analysis of hate crimes in Slovakia amidst a global pandemic' (2023), Crime, Law and Social Change [online]
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Piatkowska, S.J., Messner, S.F. & Yang, T.-C., 'Understanding the relationship between relative group size and hate crime rates: Linking methods with concepts' (2018), Justice Quarterly [online]
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Piazza, J. & Van Doren, N., 'It’s About Hate: Approval of Donald Trump, Racism, Xenophobia and Support for Political Violence' (2022), American Politics Research [online]
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Pickles, J., 'LGBT hate crime: Promoting a queer agenda for hate crime scholarship' (2019), Journal of Hate Studies, 15(1), pp. 39-61
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Pieterse, T, Stratford, V. & Nel, J.A., 'Relationship Between Symbolic Violence and Overt Violence in Hate Incidents in South Africa' (2018), African Safety Promotion: A Journal of Injury and Violence Prevention, 16(2), 31-43
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Pira, F., 'Disinformation a problem for democracy: profiling and risks of consensus manipulation' (2023), Frontiers in Sociology, 8, 1150753
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Plumm, K.M., Terrance, C.A. & Austin, A., 'Not all hate crimes are created equal: An examination of the roles of ambiguity and expectations in perceptions of hate crimes' (2014), Current Psychology, 33(3), pp.321-364
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Pluta, A., Mazurek, J., Wojciechowski, J., Wolak, J., Soral, W. & Bilewicz, M., 'Exposure to hate speech deteriorates neurocognitive mechanisms of the ability to understand others’ pain' (2023), Scientific Reports, 13(1), 4127
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Poojary, M., '“South Asians don’t count as Asian”: Using Reddit to Explore Discussions of Anti-Asian Racism within the South Asian Diaspora' (2024), Sociological Inquiry [online]
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Poole, E., Giraud, E.H., Richardson, J.E. & de Quincey, E., 'Expedient, Affective, and Sustained Solidarities? Mediated Contestations of Islamophobia in the Case of Brexit, the Christchurch Terror Attack, and the COVID-19 Pandemic' (2023), Social Media and Society, 9(3)
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Popa-Wyatt, M., 'Online Hate: Is Hate an Infectious Disease? Is Social Media a Promoter?' (2023), Journal of Applied Philosophy [online]
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Potulski, J. & Modrzejewski, A., 'Fear as a tool of the electoral narration of the conservative-populist right wing in Poland' (2024), XLinguae, 17(3), pp. 64–80
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Powell, A. & Williams-Johnson, D., '“You dumb cracker b*tch”: The legitimizing of White supremacy during a Twitch ban of HasanAbi' (2023), New Media and Society [online]
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Pradel, F., 'Influence of hate speech about refugees in search algorithms on political attitudes: An online experiment' (2024), New Media and Society [online]
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Prahlow, J.A., 'Hate crimes and the forensic pathologist' (2007), American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 28(4), pp.284-287
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Pretus, C., Ray, J.L., Granot, Y., Cunningham, W.A. & Van Bavel, J.J., 'The psychology of hate: Moral concerns differentiate hate from dislike' (2022), European Journal of Social Psychology [online]
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Preuß, S. & Steffens, M. C., 'A Video Intervention for Every Straight Man: The Role of Preattitudes and Emotions in Vicarious-Contact Effects' (2020), Group Processes & Intergroup Relations [online]
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Primbs, M.A., Wienk, M.N.A., Holland, R.W., Calanchini, J. & Bijlstra, G., 'Legacies of Hate: The Psychological Legacy of the Ku Klux Klan' (2024), Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin [online]
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Provazník, J., '“True” verbal hate crimes| [Pravé verbální trestné činy z nenávisti]' (2021), Casopis pro Pravni Vedu a Praxi, 28(4), pp. 657-694
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Puchała, D., Bilewicz, M. & Świderska, A., '“A Red Alert Appears”. Ambivalence of the Reclaimed Hate Speech in a Hate-Saturated Environment' (2025), Journal of Homosexuality [online]
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Purnomo, A., Sumbulah, U., Salam, N. & Hulwanullah, H., 'Characteristics of Hate Speech and Freedom of Expression in the Perspective of Maqāṣid Al-Sharī’ah' (2023), Juris: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah, 22(1), pp. 171–183
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Purpose, 'Online Hate Speech in Australia: The Role of News Media and Pathways for Change (Part One: The Dynamics of Hate Speech Online)' (2023), New York, London, São Paulo, New Delhi, Sydney, Nairobi: Purpose
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Putra, I.E., Mashuri, A. & Nurhamida, Y., 'Identifying hate speech in societal context: When psychological factors are more important than contents' (2022), Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy [online]
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Putra, I.E., Mashuri, A., Nurhamida, Y. & Halperin, E., 'Beliefs about human nature moderate the association between religious fundamentalism and hate: The case of Muslims in Indonesia' (2022), Journal of Applied Social Psychology [online]
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Pyo, J. & Hayes, B.E., 'Assessment of Functional and Dysfunctional Perceived Threat of Hate Crimes Among Persons With and Without Disability' (2023), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Qiu, L., Qiao, D., Tan, B.C.Y. & Whinston, A.B., 'Leading the Horse to Water? Investigating the Impact of Ride-Hailing Services on Hate Crimes' (2024), Production and Operations Management, 33(1), pp. 342–363
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Rafi, M.S. & Shafiq, Z., 'The role of political hate speech in promoting extreme ideologies and manipulating public discourse for social approval in Pakistan' (2024), International Social Science Journal [online]
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Raghunath, P., '“Hated Speech”: the communicative dimension of progressive politics and (un)democracy in India' (2025), in A. Mattoni (Ed.) Handbook of Progressive Politics (pp. 434–447), Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing
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Rahman, N.A.A., '“Is technology making you prejudiced?”: How technology is enabling hate IRL' (2021), in M. Khader, W. Xiau Ting Chai & L. S. Neo (Eds.) Introduction To Cyber Forensic Psychology: Understanding The Mind Of The Cyber Deviant Perpetrators (pp. 113-132), Singapore: World Scientific Publishing
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Rai, P., 'Conceptualizing Cruelty-Hate Crimes against Street Dogs in India' (2025), Journal of Asian and African Studies, 00219096251341585
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Rani, S., Kaur, J. & Bhambri, P., 'Technology and Gender Violence: Victimization Model, Consequences and Measures' (2024), in D. Mishra, A. Ngoc Le & Z. McDowell (Eds.) Signals and Communication Technology (Part F1803) (pp. 1–19), Cham: Springer
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Rappuoli, L.A., 'A Simple Theory of Overt and Covert Dogwhistles' (2023), Manuscrito, 46(3), e-2022-0048-R2
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