Publications: Hate crime models
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Wells, G., Romhányi, Á. & Steinkuehler, C., 'Hate speech and hate-based harassment in online games' (2024), Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1422422
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Wells, G., Romhanyi, A., Reitman, J.G., Gardner, R., Squire, K. & Steinkuehler, C., 'Right-Wing Extremism in Mainstream Games: A Review of the Literature' (2023), Games and Culture [online]
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Wenger, M.R. & Lantz, B., 'Hate Crime and Place: The Spatial and Temporal Concentration of Bias-Motivated Crime in Washington, D.C.' (2021), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Wertans, E. & Chakraborti, N., 'To deny or dismantle? Responding to victims of targeted hostility in higher education' (2024), International Review of Victimology [online]
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Weston, D., 'Genocidal Speech and Speech Act Theory' (2024), International Journal for the Semiotics of Law [online]
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White, R.S., 'Interpellation and group polarization: Aspects of group hatred' (2024), International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies [online]
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White, R.S., 'Antisemitism: A psychoanalytic theory' (2023), International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies [online]
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Whitten, S., 'A Republican Conception of Counterspeech' (2023), Ethical Theory and Moral Practice [online]
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Whitten, S. & Papcunová, J., 'Oppressive expression and the Czech and Slovak communities of Northern Ireland' (2024), Irish Journal of Sociology [online]
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Whittington, K.E., 'Should We Trust the Censor?' (2024), Daedalus, 153(3), pp. 244–259
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Whittington, W. & Piatkowska, S.J., 'Far-Right Extremism, Elections and Hate Crime: A Temporal Evaluation of Bias-Motivated Violence in Slovakia' (2025), British Journal of Criminology, 65(1), pp. 126–146
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Wiedlitzka, S., Prati, G., Brown, R., Smith, J. & Walters, M.A., 'Hate in Word and Deed: The Temporal Association Between Online and Offline Islamophobia' (2021), Journal of Quantitative Criminology [online]
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Wieslander, M., 'Hate crime disclaimers: barriers to education and policing of hate crimes in Sweden' (2025), Policing and Society [online]
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Wigerfelt, A. & Wigerfelt, B., 'A challenge to multiculturalism: Everyday racism and hate crime in a small Swedish town' (2014), ONES: The Journal of Multicultural Society, 5(2), pp.48-75
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Williams, L. & Spedding, M., 'The First Amendment and Constitutive Rhetoric: A Policy Proposal' (2024), New York University Law Review, 99(4), pp. 1338–1397
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Williams, M.L. & Burnap, P., 'Cyberhate on social media in the aftermath of Woolwich: A case study in computational criminology and big data' (2016), British Journal of Criminology, 56(2), pp.211-238
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Williams, M.L. & Tregidga, J., 'Hate crime victimization in Wales: Psychological and physical impacts across seven hate crime victim types' (2014), British Journal of Criminology, 54(4), pp.946-967
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Williams, R., 'Is Violence Critique?' (2022), Religions, 13(11), 1111
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Williams, T.J.V., Tzani, C., Gavin, H. & Ioannou, M., 'Policy vs reality: comparing the policies of social media sites and users’ experiences, in the context of exposure to extremist content' (2023), Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression [online]
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Wilson, C., 'The Ubiquity of Terror: Politically Motivated Killing of Civilians' (2021), Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 27(3), pp. 389-404
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Winstead, K., 'Thinking About (and With) the Prioress’s Tale: From Medieval Alterity to Modern Hate Narrative' (2024), Chaucer Review, 59(3), pp. 409–424
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Wippell, J.G.R. & Towers, S., 'Mobilizing extremism: an examination of the travel patterns of right-wing extremists in the United States' (2024), Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression [online]
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Wirz, D.S. & Blassnig, S., 'A matter of perception? investigating subjective and objective exposure to hate speech with a survey and mobile longitudinal linkage study' (2025), Information Communication and Society [online]
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Wong, S.G.-J., 'What is the social benefit of hate speech detection research? A Systematic Review' (2024), NLP4PI 2024 - 3rd Workshop on NLP for Positive Impact, Proceedings of the Workshop, pp. 1–12
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Woo, B., Pitner, R. & Wilson, B., 'White College Students’ Racial Prejudice and Perceptions of Racial Hate Crime' (2021), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Woolf, L. M. & Hulsizer, M. R., 'Intra-and inter-religious hate and violence: A Psychosocial mode' (2003), Journal of Hate Studies, 2(1), pp. 5-25
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Worthen, M.G.F., 'Hetero-cis–normativity and the gendering of transphobia' (2016), International Journal of Transgenderism, 17(1), pp.31-57
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Wu, C.-Y., Chang, S.-Y., Liu, L.-Y. & Hohl, A., 'GIS-based analysis of anti-Asian hate speech and its socioeconomic and ideological drivers in the United States during the early COVID-19 pandemic' (2025), GeoJournal, 90(1), 10
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Wu, D.J., Syropoulos, S., Rivera-Rodriguez, A. & Dasgupta, N., 'From model minority to yellow peril: How threat perceptions and disgust predict anti-Asian prejudice during COVID-19' (2023), Social and Personality Psychology Compass [online]
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Wu, X.-K., Zhao, T.-F., Lu, L. & Chen, W.-N., 'Predicting the Hate: A GSTM Model based on COVID-19 Hate Speech Datasets' (2022), Information Processing and Management, 59(4), 102998
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Xin, W., 'Censorship Bubbles Vs Hate Bubbles' (2023), Social Epistemology [online]
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Yang, S. & Koo, J.-W., 'Punishing or regulating? US media attention to hate crime and speech' (2025), International Journal of Human Rights [online]
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Yin, W. & Zubiaga, A., 'Towards generalisable hate speech detection: A review on obstacles and solutions' (2021), PeerJ Computer Science, 7, pp. 1-38
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Yingi, E., Ncube, T. & Benyera, E., 'Situating Dashed Prospects of Independence into the Xenophobic Narrative in South Africa' (2023), Journal of Black Studies [online]
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Yohe, K., 'Seeking Reconciliation Through Historical Truth: Frank X Walker’s Turn Me Loose: The Unghosting of Medgar Evers' (2024), Callaloo, 42(2), pp. 195–213
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Yoon, H., Ban, H. & Hong-Dwyer, J.J., 'Geographic Research on Hate Crimes and Incidents: Approaches for Advancing Inclusive Practices' (2024), International Journal of Geospatial and Environmental Research, 11(1), 2
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Yoshida, Y., 'The Ambivalence of Far-Right Women: Hate, Trauma, Gender, and Neoliberalism in Contemporary Japan' (2024), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 39(17-18), pp. 3829–3854
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Yoshida, Y. & Demelius, Y., 'Seduction of far-right actions: A pathway to an authentic self?' (2024), Crime, Media, Culture [online]
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Yoshida, Y. & Demelius, Y., 'Seduction of far-right actions: A pathway to an authentic self?' (2025), Crime, Media, Culture, 21(2), pp. 187–210
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Yoshimizu, A., 'Student-centered, “embodied inter-referencing” as antiracist and anticolonial pedagogy' (2022), Asia Pacific Education Review [online]
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Yu, J., Rai, R., Lim, M.A. & Li, H., 'The post-racial myth: rethinking Chinese university students’ experiences and perceptions of racialised microaggressions in the UK' (2023), Higher Education [online]
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Yuki, L.K., Anoegrajekti, N. & Lustyantie, N., 'The Value of Local Wisdom of Pencak Silat Maenpo: A Study of Indonesian Matrial Arts La Valeur De La Sagesse Locale De Pencak Silat Maenpo' (2023), Migration Letters, 20(8), pp. 1–16
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Zafrilla, P.J.P., 'The Aristotelian paradox: How expressive speeches animalize public debate | [La paradoja aristotélica: cómo los discursos expresivos animalizan el debate público]' (2022), Isegoria, (67), e03
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Zahrah, F., Nurse, J.R.C. & Goldsmith, M., 'A Comparison of Online Hate on Reddit and 4chan: A Case Study of the 2020 US Election' (2022), Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, pp. 1797-1800
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Zakrison, T.L., Milian Valdés, D. & Muntaner, C., 'Social Violence, Structural Violence, Hate, and the Trauma Surgeon' (2019), International Journal of Health Services [online]
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Zapata, J. & Deroy, O., 'Ordinary citizens are more severe towards verbal than nonverbal hate-motivated incidents with identical consequences' (2023), Scientific Reports, 13(1), 7126
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Zapata-Jiménez, M.A., 'Ismophobia: A Reflection on Hate Today. Challenges in Latin America | Ismofobia: una reflexión sobre el odio en la actualidad. Desafíos en América Latina' (2024), Revista Guillermo de Ockham, 22(1), pp. 171–186
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Zappettini, F., 'Europhobia as a trajectory to hate speech normalisation? A diachronic analysis of Brexit media propaganda' (2025), Critical Discourse Studies [online]
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Zee, J., 'Surface and Retreat: The China Virus in Three Lunar Years' (2023), English Language Notes, 61(1), pp. 30-39
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Zhang, C., 'Perceiving racial hate crimes: a power-relation perspective' (2022), Journal of Experimental Criminology [online]
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