Publications: Hate speech
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Balogh, L., Halász, I. & Pap, A.L., 'Minority Rights, Minority Protection, and Diaspora Policy in Hungary, 2010–2018' (2025), in F. Gárdos-Orosz (Ed.) The Resilience of the Hungarian Legal System since 2010 (European Union and its Neighbours in a Globalized World Series, Vol 16) (pp. 57–72), Cham: Springer
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Balouchzahi, F., Shashirekha, H.L., Sidorov, G. & Gelbukh, A., 'A comparative study of syllables and character level N-grams for Dravidian multi-script and code-mixed offensive language identification' (2022), Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, 43(6), pp. 6995-7005
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Banga, S., 'Theorising racist hate speech on UK university campuses through a CRT lens' (2023), Whiteness and Education [online]
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Banka, N., Narang, S., Gupta, M., Sharma, A. & Upadhyay, D., 'Multilingual Obnoxious Message Classification using Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers (BERT)' (2023), 2023 International Conference on Computer, Electronics and Electrical Engineering and their Applications, IC2E3 2023
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Bankov, K., 'Cyberbullying and Hate Speech in the Debate Around the Ratification of the Istanbul Convention in Bulgaria: A Semiotic Analysis of the Communication Dynamics' (2020), Social Semiotics, 30(3), pp. 344-364
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Bao, H.-W.-S. & Gries, P., 'Biases about Chinese People in English Language Use: Stereotypes, Prejudice and Discrimination' (2025), China Quarterly [online]
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Barakat, B. & Jaf, S., 'Beyond Traditional Classifiers: Evaluating Large Language Models for Robust Hate Speech Detection' (2025), Computation, 13(8), 196
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Baranwal, A., Gohil, V., Dahat, H. &Salunke, A., 'Hate Speech and NSFW Image Classification using BERT and ResNet-34 model' (2024), 5th International Conference on Recent Trends in Computer Science and Technology, ICRTCST 2024 - Proceedings, pp. 388–394
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Barão da Silva, G., Sbaraini Fontes, G. & Marques, F.P.J., 'Risks and Resilience in the Case of Brazilian Female Journalists: How Women Perceive Violence Against Media Professionals and Cope with its Effects' (2022), Journalism Studies [online]
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Barát, E., 'Paradoxes of the Right-Wing Sexual/Gender Politics in Hungary: Right-Wing Populism and the Ban of Gender Studies' (2022), Global Queer Politics, pp. 173-199
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Barbaro, F. & Skumanich, A., 'On the importance to study fringe social networks and their impending use of GenAI to promote mal-info: Gab as a case study' (2023), Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Adverse Impacts and Collateral Effects of Artificial Intelligence Technologies (AiOfAi 2023), pp. 22–26
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Barbosa, L.M., 'Meta’s Oversight Board: First Empirical Insights' (2023), Graz Law Working Paper No. 09-2023
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Barbosa, M., Arcila, C. & Sánchez-Holgado, P., 'LGBTphobia on social media: Systematic review of large-scale hate speech detection and classification | LGTBfobia en redes sociales: Revisión sistemática de la detección y clasificación de discurso de odio a gran escala' (2025), Empiria, (64), pp. 51–79
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Barbosa, M.P.G., Blanco-Herrero, D., Arcila-Calderón, C. & Sánchez-Holgado, P., 'Hate speech in Spain. Research into the population’s perception and experience | Discurso de ódio na Espanha. Pesquisa sobre a percepção e a experiência da população' (2024), Observatorio, 18(2), pp. 61–82
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Barcellona, M., 'Incel violence as a new terrorism threat: A brief investigation between Alt-Right and Manosphere dimensions' (2022), Sortuz, 11(2), pp. 170-186
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Barcelo, S., Boulanger, M., Tommasel, A. & Rodriguez, J.M., 'Beyond Words: A Preliminary Study for Multimodal Hate Speech Detection' (2024), Proceedings - 2024 50th Latin American Computing Conference, CLEI 2024
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Barendt, E., , '‘What Is the Harm of Hate Speech?’' (2019), Ethical Theory and Moral Practice [online]
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Barker, K., 'The AVMSD as a harmonized approach to moderating hate speech?' (2021), Journal of Digital Media and Policy, 12(3), pp. 387-405
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Barker, K. & Jurasz, O., 'The ‘Politics’ of Responsible Social Media Use in Universities: Cautionary Tales for Student Experience?' (2023), in L. Siliquini-Cinelli & T. Giddens (Eds.) Biopolitics and Structure in Legal Education (pp. 223–238), London: Routledge
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Barkhashree & Dhaliwal, P., 'Impounding behavioural connotations for hate speech analysis – a view towards criminal investigation using machine learning' (2023), International Journal of Information Technology (Singapore) [online]
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Barkhashree & Dhaliwal, P., 'Comprehensive Exploration of Machine Learning based models in Digital Forensics – A plunge into Hate Speech Detection' (2021), Proceedings - 2021 3rd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking, ICAC3N 2021, pp. 1933-1938
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Barnes, M.R., 'Complex Harms in Online Speech: The Limits of the Illocutionary' (2025), in P. J. Connolly, S.C. Goldberg & J.M. Saul (Eds.) Conversations Online Explorations in Philosophy of Language (pp. 239–260), Oxford: Oxford Academic
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Barnidge, M., Kim, B., Sherrill, L.A., Luknar, Ž. & Zhang, J., 'Perceived Exposure to and Avoidance of Hate Speech in Various Communication Settings' (2019), Telematics and Informatics, 44, 101263
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Barnwal, S.K., Kumar, R. & Pamula, R., 'IIT DHANBAD CODECHAMPS at SemEval-2022 Task 5: MAMI – Multimedia Automatic Misogyny Identification' (2022), SemEval 2022 - 16th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, Proceedings of the Workshop, pp. 733-735
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Barrett, L., Kingan, R., Ortan, A. & Seshadri, M., 'A Lightweight yet Robust Approach to Textual Anomaly Detection' (2022), Proceedings - International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING, 29(12), pp. 62–67
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Barrientos Rastrojo, J., 'Philosophy for Children and Teenagers as prevention and treatment of hate speech | [La Filosofía para Niños y Jóvenes como prevención y antídoto frente a los discursos de odio]' (2022), Isegoria, (67), e02
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Barth, N., Wagner, E., Raab, P. & Wiegärtner, B., 'Contextures of hate: Towards a systems theory of hate communication on social media platforms' (2023), Communication Review [online]
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Bartlett, J. & Krasodomski-Jones, A., 'Counter-speech examining content that challenges extremism online' (2015), DEMOS
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Barton Hronešová, J. & Hasić, J., 'The 2021 Memory Law in Bosnia and Herzegovina–Reconciliation or Polarization?' (2023), Journal of Genocide Research [online]
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Baruah, N., Gogoi, A., Phukan, R. & Goutom, P.J., 'Hate Speech Detection for a low level language (Assamese)' (2023), 2023 14th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies, ICCCNT 2023
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Bashar, M.A., Nayak, R., Luong, K. & Balasubramaniam, T., 'Progressive domain adaptation for detecting hate speech on social media with small training set and its application to COVID-19 concerned posts' (2021), Social Network Analysis and Mining, 11(1), 69
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Basit, A., 'State Fragility and the Challenge of Violent Extremism in Pakistan' (2023), in M.S. Mostofa (Ed.) Dynamics of Violent Extremism in South Asia: Nexus between State Fragility and Extremism (pp. 191-225), Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan
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Bastos, A.T. & Ravetti, M.G., 'Diversity-Aware Graphormer: Insights from Hate Speech Detection on 4Chan' (2025), IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 7146–7151
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Bastos, B. & Nemer, D., 'Content analysis of political disinformation spread by Jair Bolsonaro on Twitter/X | Análise de conteúdo da desinformação política disseminada por Jair Bolsonaro no Twitter/X' (2025), Caderno CRH, 38, e025024
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Bastos, B. & Nemer, D., 'Content analysis of political disinformation spread by Jair Bolsonaro on Twitter/X' (2025), First Monday, 30(7)
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Basu, S. & Sen, S., 'Silenced voices: unravelling India’s dissent crisis through historical and contemporary analysis of free speech and suppression' (2023), Information and Communications Technology Law [online]
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Batani, J., Mbunge, E., Muchemwa, B., Gaobotse, G., Gurajena, C., Fashoto, S., Kavu, T. & Dandajena, K., 'A Review of Deep Learning Models for Detecting Cyberbullying on Social Media Networks' (2022), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 503 LNNS, pp. 528-550
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Batarfi, H.A., Alsaedi, O.A., Wali, A.M. & Jamal, A.T., 'Impact of Data Augmentation on Hate Speech Detection' (2023), Communications in Computer and Information Science, 1876 CCIS, pp. 187–199
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Battista, D. & Molano, J.C., 'How AI Bots Have Reinforced Gender Bias in Hate Speech | Como os bots de IA reforçaram o viés de género no discurso de ódio' (2023), Ex Aequo, (48), pp. 53–68
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Battista, D. & Uva, G., 'Navigating the Virtual Realm of Hate: Analysis of Policies Combating Online Hate Speech in the Italian-European Context' (2024), Law, Technology and Humans, 6(1), pp. 48–58
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Battistelli, D., 'Building a Formal Model for Hate Detection in French Corpora' (2020), Procedia Computer Science, 176, pp. 2358-2365
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Battistelli, D., Dragos, V. & Mekki, J., 'Annotating Social Data with Speaker/User Engagement. Illustration on Online Hate Characterization in French' (2024), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 917, pp. 317–330
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Bäumler, J., Riebe, T., Kaufhold, M.-A. & Reuter, C., 'Harnessing Inter-Organizational Collaboration and Automation to Combat Online Hate Speech: A Qualitative Study with German Reporting Centers' (2025), Proceedings of the ACM on Human Computer Interaction, 9(2), CSCW093
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Bäumler, J., Voronin, G. & Kaufhold, M.-A., 'Cyber hate awareness: information types and technologies relevant to the law enforcement and reporting center domain' (2025), i-com, 24(1), pp. 87–106
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Bäumler, J., Voronin, G. & Kaufhold, M.-A., 'Cyber hate awareness: information types and technologies relevant to the law enforcement and reporting center domain' (2025), i-com, 24(1), pp. 87–106
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Baun, P.S. & Nielbo, K., 'Right-wing Mnemonics' (2022), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 3290, pp. 152-161
Bawachkar, A., Pande, S., Selokar, A., Mangoankar, N. & Karande, A., 'Comparative Analysis of Various Machine-Learning and Deep Learning Model for Hate Speech Detection' (2024), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 1085 LNNS, pp. 423–435
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Bawono, B.T. & Glaser, H., 'The Urgency of Restorative Justice Regulation on Hate Speech' (2023), Bestuur, 11(2), pp. 364–383
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Baydogan, C. & Alatas, B., 'Metaheuristic Ant Lion and Moth Flame Optimization-Based Novel Approach for Automatic Detection of Hate Speech in Online Social Networks' (2021), IEEE Access, 9, 9505636, pp. 110047-110062
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Baydogan, C. & Alatas, B., 'Deep-Cov19-Hate: A Textual-Based Novel Approach for Automatic Detection of Hate Speech in Online Social Networks throughout COVID-19 with Shallow and Deep Learning Models' (2022), Tehnicki Vjesnik, 29(1), pp. 149-156
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