Publications: Racist hate crime
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Takezawa, Y., Harrison, F.V. & Tanabe, A. (Eds.), 'Visibilities and Invisibilities of Race and Racism: Toward a New Global Dialogue' (2025), London: Routledge
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Tan, A., Tan, G., Avdeyeva, T., Crandall, H., Fukushi, Y., Nyandwi, A., Chin, H. & Wu, C., 'Changing negative racial stereotypes: The influence of normative peer information' (2001), Howard Journal of Communications, 12(3), pp. 171-180
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Tan, C. & La Londe, P.G., 'Empathy as a virtue: a Confucian interpretation and a tool to address anti-Asian hate crime' (2023), Critical Studies in Education [online]
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Tan, X., Lee, R. & Ruppanner, L., 'Profiling racial prejudice during COVID-19: Who exhibits anti-Asian sentiment in Australia and the United States?' (2021), Australian Journal of Social Issues [online]
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Tang, H.-Y., Snow, K. & Xiong, Y., 'A campus and community supports for Asian university students amid the COVID-19 pandemic' (2023), Journal of American College Health [online]
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Tao, W., Li, J.-Y., Lee, Y. & He, M., 'Individual and collective coping with racial discrimination: What drives social media activism among Asian Americans during the COVID-19 outbreak' (2022), New Media and Society [online]
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Taras, R., '‘Islamophobia never stands still’: Race, religion, and culture' (2013), Ethnic and Racial Studies, 36(3), pp.417-433
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Tasmania Law Reform Institute, 'Racial vilification and racially motivated offences' (2010), Issues Paper No 16 (June 2010)
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Tasmania Law Reform Institute, 'Racial vilification and racially motivated offences' (2011), Final Report No. 14 (April 2011)
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Tate, S.A., 'Serena Williams and antiblack woman hate: Contempt, love, friendship, shame' (2022), in T. Reeser (Ed.) The Routledge Companion to Gender and Affect (pp. 70-78), London: Routledge
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Taylor, R., 'Systemic sectarianism in Northern Ireland' (2024), Race and Class [online]
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Teeger, C., 'Ruptures in the rainbow nation: How desegregated South African schools deal with interpersonal and structural racism' (2015), Sociology of Education, 88(3), pp.226-243
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Teklu, S.W. & Abebaw, Y.F., 'Analysis of the hate speech and racism co-existence dissemination model with optimal control strategies' (2024), Chaos, Solitons and Fractals: X, 12, 100109
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Teng, E.J., '“And This Is What He Did”' (2022), Prism, 19(1), pp. 215-223
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Tessler, H., Choi, M. & Kao, G., 'The Anxiety of Being Asian American: Hate Crimes and Negative Biases During the COVID-19 Pandemic' (2020), American Journal of Criminal Justice [online]
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Tessler, R.A., Langton, L., Rivara, F.P., Vavilala, M.S., Rowhani-Rahbar, A., 'Differences by Victim Race and Ethnicity in Race- and Ethnicity-Motivated Violent Bias Crimes: A National Study' (2018), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Testa, A., Maidano, M. & Borović, H., 'Football and Violent Extremism: An Ethnographic Study of the Bosnia and Herzegovina Ultras' (2024), London: Routledge
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Tichavakunda, A.A., 'Studying and challenging racism in higher education: Naming bad faith to understand the “logic” of racism' (2021), Education Sciences, 11(10), 602
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Titley, G., Nikunen, K. & Pantti, M., 'Shifting Formations, Formative Infrastructures: Nationalisms and Racisms in Media Circulation' (2021), Television and New Media, 22(2), pp. 103-111
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Tizard, B. & Pheonix, A., 'Black, white or mixed race? Race and racism in the lives of young people of mixed parentage' (2002), London: Routledge.
Tjon Soei Len, L.K.L. & De Ruijter, A., 'Conceptualising the tortuous harms of sexist and racist hate speech' (2023), European Law Open, 2(1), pp. 8–29
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Toliyat, A., Levitan, S.I., Peng, Z. & Etemadpour, R., 'Asian hate speech detection on Twitter during COVID-19' (2022), Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 5, 932381
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Tomsen, S., 'Hate crimes and masculine offending' (2001), Gay and Lesbian Law Journal, 10, pp.26-42
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Tong, S.T. & DeAndrea, D.C., 'The Effects of Observer Expectations on Judgments of Anti-Asian Hate Tweets and Online Activism Response' (2023), Social Media and Society, 9(1)
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Tong, S.T., Stoycheff, E. & Mitra, R., 'Racism and resilience of pandemic proportions: online harassment of Asian Americans during COVID-19' (2022), Journal of Applied Communication Research [online]
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Törnberg, A. & Törnberg, P., 'White supremacists anonymous: how digital media emotionally energize far-right movements' (2023), Journal of Information Technology and Politics [online]
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Torres, S., 'Hate crimes against African Americans: The extent of the problem' (1999), Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 15, pp.48-63
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Treece, D., 'The Challenges for Anti-racists in Bolsonaro’s Brazil' (2021), Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies, 27(2), pp. 213-233
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Trickett, L., 'Reflections on gendered masculine identities intargeted violence against ethnic minorities' (2014), in Hall, N., Corb, A., Giannasi, P. & Grieve, J. (eds.) (2014) The Routledge International Handbook on Hate Crime. London: Routledge
Trindade, L.V.P., 'Disparagement Humour and Gendered Racism on Social Media in Brazil' (2019), Ethnic and Racial Studies [online]
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Tsakona, V., Karachaliou, R. & Archakis, A.,, 'Liquid Racism in the Greek Anti-Racist Campaign #StopMindBorders' (2020), Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict, 8(2), pp. 232-261
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Tsosie, R., 'Constitutional Law and Epistemic Injustice: Hate Speech, Stereotyping, and Recognition Harm' (2022), in P. Giladi & N. McMillan (Eds.) Epistemic Injustice and the Philosophy of Recognition (pp. 256-278), New York: Routledge
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Tsri, K., 'Africans are not black: Why the use of the term ‘black’ for Africans should be abandoned' (2015), African Identities, pp.1-14
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Tu, F., Jiang, S. & Gong, X., 'Reviving the “Yellow Peril” Digitally: Anti-Asian Hate on Twitter During the COVID-19 Pandemic' (2024), International Journal of Communication, 18, pp. 1765–1788
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Tucker, L., '‘It’s not just about the football’: Leading social change in a Sunday league football team' (2015), Sport in Society, 18(4), pp.410-424
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Tudor, A., 'Ascriptions of migration: Racism, migratism and Brexit' (2022), European Journal of Cultural Studies [online]
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Tyner, J.A., 'Hate-crimes as racial violence: A critique of the exceptional' (2016), Social and Cultural Geography, pp.1-19
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Tynes, B.M., Lozada, F.T., Smith, N.A. & Stewart, A.M., 'From racial microaggressions to hate crimes: A model of online racism based on the lived experiences of adolescents of color' (2018), Tynes, B.M., Lozada, F.T., Smith, N.A. & Stewart, A.M., From racial microaggressions to hate crimes: A model of online racism based on the lived experiences of adolescents of color (2018), Microaggression Theory: Influence and Implications, pp. 194-212
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Tynes, B.M., Rose, C.A., Hiss, S., Umana-Taylor, A.J., Mitchell, K. & Williams, D., 'Virtual environments, online racial discrimination, and adjustment among a diverse, school-based sample of adolescents' (2014), International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations, 6(3), pp.1-16
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Tyson, J., 'Levelling the playing field' (2015)
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Tzioumis, K., 'Detecting discrimination: A dynamic perspective' (2015), Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society)
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Udani, A., Manion, A. & Kimball, D., 'Your Typical Criminal: Why White Americans Hate Voter Fraud' (2024), Public Opinion Quarterly, 88(SI), pp. 757–780
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Uddin, N. & Arif, D. (Eds.), 'Refugees and the Media: Local and Global Perspectives' (2024), Cham: Palgrave Macmillan
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University of Western Sydney, 'Challenging racism: The Anti-Racism Research Project' (2011)
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Urbanik, M.-M., Maier, K., Tetrault, J.E.C. & Greene, C., 'Hate Crime and Class Vulnerability: A Case Study of White Nationalist Violence Against Unhoused Indigenous People' (2024), British Journal of Criminology, 64(4), pp. 863–880
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Uviller, H.R., 'Making it worse: ‘Hate’ as an aggravating factor in criminal conduct' (2000), Ethnic and Racial Studies, 23(4), pp.761-767
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Uyheng, J., Bellutta, D. & Carley, K.M., 'Bots Amplify and Redirect Hate Speech in Online Discourse About Racism During the COVID-19 Pandemic' (2022), Social Media and Society, 8(3)
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Vachuska, K. & Brudvig, J., 'Discourse from #The Real UW: What tweets say about racial concerns at a predominately white institution' (2018), Social Sciences, 7(21), pp.1-13
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Vaishnav, S. & Hassouneh, E., 'Marginalization Stress: Hate, Violence, and Microaggressions' (2024), in C. Stark, J.L. Tapia Jr, K. Rogalla & K. Bunch (Eds.) Professional’s Guide to Trauma-Informed Decision Making (pp. 123-142), Cham: Springer
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Van Dyke, N. & Tester, G., 'Dangerous climates: Factors associated with variation in racist hate crimes on college campuses' (2014), Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 30(3), pp.290-309
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