Publications: C
Costello, M., Restifo, S.J. & Hawdon, J., 'Viewing anti-immigrant hate online: An application of routine activity and Social Structure-Social Learning Theory' (2021), Computers in Human Behavior, 124, 106927
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Costello, M., Vishwamitra, N., Liao, S., Cheng, L., Luo, F. & Hu, H., 'COVID-19 and Sinophobia: Detecting Warning Signs of Radicalization on Twitter and Reddit' (2023), Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 26(7), pp. 546–553
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Costigan, S.S. & Tagarev, T., 'Countering Crime, Hate Speech, and Disinformation in Cyberspace' (2021), Connections, 20(2), pp. 5-8
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Coston, L., 'Understanding characteristics of victims and perpetrators of anti-LGBT hate crimes in the United States' (2018), Violence and Victims, 33(3), pp.453-471
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Côté, M., Forouhar, V., Edache, I.Y. & Alberga, A.S., 'Weight bias among Canadians: Associations with sociodemographics, BMI and body image constructs' (2024), Social Science and Medicine, 354, 11706
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Cotter, J.M. , 'Sounds of hate: White power rock and roll and the neo-Nazi skinhead subculture' (1999), Terrorism and Political Violence, 11(2), pp.111-140
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Council of Europe , 'Discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity in Europe' (2011), France: Council of Europe
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Court, D., 'Direct work with racially motivated offenders' (2003), Probation Journal, 50(1), pp.52-58
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Courtois, S., 'Are Hate Speech Laws Useless? An Appraisal of Eric Heinze’s Arguments' (2021), Res Publica [online]
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Cousens, C., 'Solving the Authority Problem: Why We Won’t Debate You, Bro' (2023), Topoi [online]
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Coussey, M., 'Legal responses to racially motivated hate crimes' (2002), Criminal Justice Matters, 48(1), pp.32-33
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Cover, R., 'Digital hostility, subjectivity and ethics: Theorising the disruption of identity in instances of mass online abuse and hate speech' (2022), Convergence [online]
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Cover, R., 'Identity and Digital Communication: Concepts, Theories, Practices' (2023), London: Routledge
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Cowan, G., Heiple, B., Marquez, C., Khatchadourian, D. & McNevin, M., 'Heterosexuals’ attitudes toward hate crimes and hate speech against gays and lesbians: Old-fashioned and modern heterosexism' (2005), Journal of Homosexuality, 49(2), pp.67-82
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Cowan, G., Resendez, M., Marshall, E. & Quist, R., 'Hate speech and constitutional protection: Priming values of equality and freedom' (2002), Journal of Social Issues, 58(2), pp.247-263
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Cowan, P. & Maitles, H., 'Understanding and teaching Holocaust education' (2017), London: Sage Publications
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Cowburn, M., Duggan, M. & Pollock, E., 'Working with different values: Extremism, hate and sex crimes' (2013), in Cowburn, M., Duggan, M., Robinson, A. & Senior, P. (2013) Values in Criminology and Community Justice. University of Bristol: Policy Press.
Cowdery, N., 'Review of law of vilification: Criminal aspects' (2009), Hate Crime and Vilification Law Roundtable, Sydney Institute of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Sydney, 28 August 2009.
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Cowie, H., Myers, C.-A., & Aziz, R., 'Does diversity in society inevitably lead to a rise in xenophobia among children and young people?' (2017), International Journal of Emotional Education, 9(2), pp.90-99
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Cowls, J. & Ma, C., 'The Internet’s Town Square? A Critical Discourse Analysis of Parler’s “Past Imaginary”' (2023), Social Media and Society, 9(2)
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Cox, C., 'Addressing anti-semitism in social work education' (2021), Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Social Work [online]
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Cox, G. & Gay and Lesbian Rights Lobby (NSW), 'The Streetwatch Report: A study into violence against lesbians and gay men' (1990)
Cox, G. & Lesbian and Gay Anti-Violence Project NSW, 'The count and counter report: A study into hate related violence against lesbians and gays' (1994)
Craig, G., 'Invisibilizing ‘race’ in public policy' (2013), Critical Social Policy, 33(4), pp.712-720
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Craig, K.M., 'Examining hate-motivated aggression: A review of the social psychological literature on hate crimes as a distinct form of aggression' (2002), Aggression and Violent Behavior, 7(1), pp.85-101
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Craig, K.M., 'Retaliation, fear, or rage: An investigation of African American and white reactions to racist hate crimes' (1999), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14(2), pp.138-151
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Craig, K.M. & Waldo, C.R., '“So, what’s a hate crime anyway?” Young adults’ perceptions of hate crimes, victims, and perpetrators' (1996), Law and Human Behaviour, 20(2), pp.113-129
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Craig‐Henderson, K. & Sloan, L.R., 'After the hate: Helping psychologists help victims of racist hate crime' (2003), Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(4), pp.481-490
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Cramer, J., Kehn, A., Pennington, R., Wechsler, J., Clark, W. & Nagle, J., 'An examination of sexual orientation- and transgender-based hate crimes in the post-Matthew Shepard era' (2013), Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 19(3), pp.355-368
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Cramer, R.J., Burks, A.C., Plöderl, M. &Durgampudi, P., 'Minority stress model components and affective well-being in a sample of sexual orientation minority adults living with HIV/AIDS' (2017), AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV
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Cramer, R.J., Cacace, S.C., Sorby, M., Adrian, M.E., Kehn, A. & Wilsey, C.N., 'A Psychometric Investigation of the Hate-Motivated Behavior Checklist' (2022), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Cramer, R.J., Chandler, J.F. & Wakeman, E.E., 'Blame attribution as a moderator of perceptions of sexual orientation-based hate crimes' (2010), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(5), pp.848-862
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Cramer, R.J., Clark III, J.W., Kehn, A., Burks, A.C. & Wechsler, H.J., 'A mock juror investigation of blame attribution in the punishment of hate crime perpetrators' (2014), International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 37(6), pp.551-557
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Cramer, R.J., Kaniuka, A.R., Tucker, R.P., Hanson, B., Fording, R.C., Robertson, L., Mesaeh, C., Zabelski, S. & Joiner, T., 'Social-Ecological Correlates of Social Well-Being in Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults in the USA: Implications for Policy, Theory, and Research' (2024), Sexuality Research and Social Policy [online]
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Cramer, R.J., Kehn, A., Sorby, M., Nobles M.R., Long M.M., Marsden J., Deitle C., Griffin S.M., King A., Smart, S. & Fording, R.C., 'Development and Psychometric Properties of the Hate-Motivated Behavior Checklist (HMBC)' (2021), Criminal Justice and Behavior [online]
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Cramer, R.J., Laxton, K.L., Chandler, J.F., Kehn, A., Bate, B.P. & Clark, J.W., 'Political identity, type of victim, and hate crime-related beliefs as predictors of views concerning hate crime penalty enhancement laws' (2017), Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy [online]
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Cramer, R.J., McNiel, D.E., Holley, S.R., Shumway, M. & Boccellari, A., 'Mental health in violent crime victims: Does sexual orientation matter?' (2011), Law and Human Behaviour, pp.1-11
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Cramer, R.J., Nobles, M.R., Amacker, A.M. & Dovoedo, L., 'Defining and evaluating perceptions of victim blame in antigay hate crimes' (2013), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28(14), pp.2894-2914
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Cramer, R.J., Wakeman, E.E., Chandler, J.F., Mohr, J.J. & Griffin, M.P., 'Hate crimes on trial: Judgments about violent crime against gay men' (2013), Psychiatry Psychology and Law, 20(2), pp.202-215
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Cramer, R.J., Wright, S., Long, M.M., Kapusta, N.D, Nobles, M.R. Gemberling, T.M., & Wechsler, H.J., 'On hate crime victimization: Rates, types, and links with suicide risk among sexual orientation minority special interest group members' (2018), Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 19:4, pp.476-489
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Cramer, R.J., Wright, S., Long, M.M., Kapusta, N.D., Nobles, M.R., Gemberling, T.M., Wechsler, H.J., 'On hate crime victimization: Rates, types, and links with suicide risk among sexual orientation minority special interest group members' (2018), Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 19(4), pp.476-489
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Cramphorn, C., 'Faith and prejudice: Sectarianism as hate crime' (2002), Criminal Justice Matters, 48(1), pp.12-13
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Cranmer, S., 'Disabled Children’s Recreational Uses of Digital Technologies in the Context of Children’s Digital Rights' (2024), in A.E. Beckett & A.-M. Callus (Eds.) The Lives of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities (pp. 105–125), London: Routledge
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Crichlow, W. & Lauricella, S., 'An analysis of anti-Black crime reporting in Toronto: Evidence from news frames and critical race theory' (2018), in M. Bhatia, S. Poynting & W. Tufail (Eds), Media, Crime and Racism. Palgrave Studies in Crime, Media and Culture (pp.301-316). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
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Crichton, S. & Stevenson, A., 'Crime and prejudice' (2002), Sydney Morning Herald (Sydney)
Criminal Justice Degree Hub, 'The alarming patterns of hate crime in America (infographic)' (2015)
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Criminal Justice Inspection Northern Ireland, 'Hate crime: An inspection of the criminal justice system’s response to hate crime in Northern Ireland' (2017)
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Criminal Justice Joint Inspection, 'Facing up to offending: Use of restorative justice in the criminal justice system' (2012), London: CJJI
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Criminal Justice Joint Inspection, 'Living in a different world: Joint review of disability hate crime' (2013), London: HMCPSI, HMIC, HMI Probation
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Cripps, J. & Stermac, L., 'Cyber-sexual violence and negative emotional states among women in a Canadian University' (2018), International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 12(1), pp.171-186
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