Publications: Religion and hate crime
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Renshaw, D., 'Prejudice and paranoia: A comparative study of antisemitism and Sinophobia in turn-of-the-century Britain' (2016), Patterns of Prejudice, 50(1), pp.38-60
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Rezvi, M.R. & Hossain, M.R., 'Exploring issues of online hate speech against minority religious groups in Bangladesh' (2023), Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication [online]
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Rich, D., 'Global antisemitism' (2014), in Hall, N., Corb, A., Giannasi, P. & Grieve, J. (eds.) (2014) The Routledge International Handbook on Hate Crime. London: Routledge
Rippy, A.E. & Newman, E., 'Perceived religious discrimination and its relationship to anxiety and paranoia among Muslim Americans' (2006), Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 1(1), pp.5-20
Riskhan, B., Hossain, M.S. & Ashfaq, F., 'Religious Sentiment Analysis and Detection on Social Media' (2025), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 1152, pp. 245–262
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Ritter, L. (Ed.), 'American Conspiracism: An Interdisciplinary Exploration' (2024), New York: Routledge
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Rivo, V.A.S., 'Anti-religious discourse and freedom of speech: the criminal protection of religious feelings | DISCURSO ANTIRRELIGIOSO Y LIBERTAD DE EXPRESIÓN: LA TUTELA PENAL DE LOS SENTIMIENTOS RELIGIOSOS' (2023), Teoria y Realidad Constitucional, (51), pp. 385–415
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Roxell, L., 'Hate, threats, and violence. A register study of persons suspected of hate crime' (2011), Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 12(2), pp.198-215
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Ruhani, A., Keshavarzi, S., Kızık, B. & Çakal, H., 'Formation of Hatred Emotions Toward Afghan Refugees in Iran: A Grounded Theory Study' (2023), Peace and Conflict [online]
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Ryan, E. & Leeson, T., 'Hate groups and hate crime' (2011), International Review of Law & Economics, 31(4), pp.256-262
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Saeed, T., 'Islamophobia and securitization: Religion, ethnicity and the female voice' (2016), Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan
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Saiya, N., Manchanda, S. & Wadidi, R., 'Faith-Based Discrimination and Violent Religious Hostilities: A Global Analysis' (2023), Journal of Conflict Resolution [online]
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Salido-Medina, J.L., 'Extremism and Places of Worship: Analysis of Strategies and Ideological Motivations' (2025), Peace Review [online]
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Samson, M.G.M., 'Protecting Religious Liberties? Security Concerns at Places of Worship in Chicago' (2020), Geoforum [online]
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Sande, N. & Maforo, B., 'Hate Speech as a Politico-Religious Tool in Contemporary Zimbabwe' (2022), Journal of Religion in Africa, 1(4), pp. 1-16
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Sanjurjo, V.A., 'Can hateful religious speech for reasons of gender, orientation and sexual identity be considered a hate crime? | [¿Es el discurso religioso odioso por razones de género, orientación e identidad sexual un discurso de odio?]' (2021), Revista de Derecho Politico, (112), pp. 175-214
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Sarre, R., 'Religious violence: An international reflection' (1991), Criminology Australia, 3(1), 22
Scham, S., 'An Archaeology of Persecuted Peoples: Religion and Hate in the Mountains of Asia' (2024), London: Routledge
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Scheitle, C.P., 'Crimes occurring at places of worship: An analysis of 2012 newspaper reports' (2016), International Review of Victimology, 22(1), pp.65-74
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Scheitle, C.P., 'Religious congregations’ experiences with, fears of, and preparations for crime: Results from a national survey' (2018), Review of Religious Research, 60(1), pp.95-113
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Scheitle, C., Mabute-Louie, B., Ferguson, J., Hawkins, E. & Ecklund, E.H., 'Fear of Religious Hate Crime Victimization and the Residual Effects of Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia' (2023), Social Forces, 101(4), pp. 2059-2086
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Scheitle, C.P. & Hansmann, M., 'Religion-related hate crimes: Data, trends, and limitations' (2017), Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion [online]
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Schlegel, L., Wiegold, L., Winkler, C. & Junk, J., 'Exploring the digital extremist ecosystem: a preliminary analysis of hateful posts on Mod DB' (2024), Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1502098
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Sembiring, W.M., Subhilhar, Kusmanto, H. & Ridho, H., 'The Politicization of Religion and Polarization of Hate in the 2018 North Sumatra Regional Head Election Indonesia' (2023), Pharos Journal of Theology, 104(3)
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Senbel, S., Seigel, C. & Bryan, E., 'Word Frequency Analysis of Community Reaction to Religious Violence on Social Media' (2021), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 283, pp. 626-633
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Serna, F.J.A., 'The legal protection of religious sentiments on the Internet. Freedom of speech vs hate speech | [LA PROTECCIÓN JURÍDICA DE LOS SENTIMIENTOS RELIGIOSOS EN INTERNET LA LIBERTAD DE EXPRESIÓN FRENTE AL DISCURSO DEL ODIO]' (2023), VISUAL Review. International Visual Culture Review / Revista Internacional de Cultura, 10
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Seto, C.H., 'God and Group: The Religious Ecology of Hate Crimes Against Jews and Muslims in the United States' (2024), Justice Quarterly [online]
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Sharif, M.Z., Truong, M., Alam, O., Dunn K., Nelson J., Kavanagh A., Paradies, Y. & Priest, N., 'The association between experiences of religious discrimination, social-emotional and sleep outcomes among youth in Australia' (2021), SSM - Population Health, 15, 100883
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Shuhufi, M., Fatmawati, Qadaruddin, M., Basyir, J., Yunus, M.M. & Nur, N.M., 'Islamic Law and Social Media: Analyzing the Fatwa of Indonesian Ulama Council Regarding Interaction on Digital Platforms' (2022), Samarah, 6(2), pp. 823-843
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Siler, A. & Karsli, B., 'Religious Hate Speech in a Networked Society: The Digital Pulpit Sheikhdom | Ağ Toplumunda Dini Nefret Söylemi: Dijital Kürsü Şeyhliği' (2024), Hitit Theology Journal, 23(2), pp. 1114–1137
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Singh, J., 'Desire, patriotism, and Sikh subjectivity' (2017), Sikh Formations: Religion, Culture, Theory [online], pp. 1-14
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Singh, J., 'Memory, invisibility, and the Oak Creek Gurdwara massacre: A Sikh American perspective of the ‘post-racial’ US' (2013), Sikh Formations: Religion, Culture, Theory, 9(2), pp.215-225
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Smallwood, T.L., 'Public theology and violent rhetoric examined in a queer womanist critical ethnography' (2025), London: Bloomsbury
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Soule, S.A. & Van Dyke, N., 'Black Church Arson in the United States, 1989-1996' (1999), Ethnic and Racial Studies, 22(4), pp.724-742
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Soyer, F., 'Faith, culture and fear: Comparing Islamophobia in early modern Spain and twenty-first-century Europe' (2014), Ethnic and Racial Studies, 36(3), pp.399-416
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Spalek, B., 'Communities, identities and crime' (2008), Bristol: The Policy Press.
Spalek, B., 'Hate crimes against British Muslims in the aftermath of September 11th' (2002), Criminal Justice Matters, 48(1), pp.20-21
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Staetsky, L.D. & Boyd, J., 'The exceptional case? Perceptions and experiences of Antisemitism among Jews in the United Kingdom' (2014), Institute for Jewish Policy Research.
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Stein, A. & Salime, Z., 'Manufacturing Islamophobia: Rightwing pseudo-documentaries and the paranoid style' (2015), Journal of Communication Inquiry, 39(4), pp.378-396
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Stern, F.L., 'A New Witch-Hunt: LGBTQIA+ State Persecution by Brazil’s Christian Far-Right' (2024), International Journal of Latin American Religions [online]
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Stewart, J., 'Anti-Muslim Hate Speech and Displacement Narratives: Case Studies From Sri Lanka and Australia' (2019), Australian Journal of Social Issues [online]
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Stockhammer, N. (Ed.), 'Routledge Handbook of Transnational Terrorism' (2023), London: Routledge
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Strydom, M. & Beyers, J., 'Narratives and counter-narratives as ways of creating religious tolerance' (2024), Verbum et Ecclesia, 45(1), a3221
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Suvidutt, M.S. & Tomer, A., 'Religious Hate Speech Vs Peaceful Co-Existence: A Socio-Legal Review' (2022), Journal of Dharma, 47(4), pp. 473-492
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Syaifuddin, M., Miftahuddin, Hadi, M.F.Z. & Rahman, R., 'Lecturers’ Resistance to Religious Moderation Policy in Handling Radicalism: Evidence from State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Indonesia' (2024), Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 22(2), pp. 3314–3329
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Syed, J. & Ali, F., 'A Pyramid of Hate Perspective on Religious Bias, Discrimination and Violence' (2020), Journal of Business Ethics [online]
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Syeed, N., 'Decolonizing the Body, Pedagogies, and Anti-Asian Hate' (2023), Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, 39(2), pp. 123–126
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Taras, R., '‘Islamophobia never stands still’: Race, religion, and culture' (2013), Ethnic and Racial Studies, 36(3), pp.417-433
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Trujillo-Fernández, F.R., Gallardo-Camacho, J. & Alonso, A.J., 'Masking violent content with religious symbology in jihadist videos: a case study of the terrorist organization Jabhat al Nusrah on YouTube | Enmascaramiento de contenidos violentos con simbología religiosa en vídeos yihadistas: estudio del mensaje de la organización terrorista Jabhat al Nusrah en YouTube' (2024), Estudios Sobre el Mensaje Periodistico, 30(1), pp. 247–262
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Trupia, F., 'Believing and belonging? Religious salience and politicality of young Bosnian Muslims in the time of Islamophobia' (2025), Southeast European and Black Sea Studies [online]
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