Publications: Criminal justice responses to hate crime
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Warner, K., 'Gang rape in Sydney: Crime, the media, politics, race and sentencing' (2004), Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 37(3), pp.344-361
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Wassmuth, B., & Bryant, M.J., 'Not in our world: A perspective of community organizing against hate' (2002), Journal of Hate Studies, 1(1), pp.109-131
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Whine, M., 'Cooperation between criminal justice agencies and civil society in combating hate crime' (2019), Crime, Law and Social Change, 71(3), pp 275-289
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White, R., 'Ethnic diversity and differential policing in Australia: The good, the bad and the ugly' (2009), Journal of International Migration and Integration, 10(4), pp.359-375
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White, V., 'Multicultural perspectives of crime and safety' (2000), Australian Institute of Criminology.
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Wichgers, L., Jacobs, L. & van Spanje, J., 'Trial and Error: Hate Speech Prosecution and Its (Unintended) Effects on Democratic Support' (2020), Acta Politica [online]
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Wiedlitzka, S., 'Risk Factors for Victimization and the Impact of Victim Status on Perceptions of Police Legitimacy in Australia' (2020), Victims & Offenders [online]
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Wieland, J., 'Peer-on-peer hate crime and hate-motivated incidents involving children in California’s public schools: Contemporary issues in prevalence, response and prevention' (2007), U.C. Davis Journal of Juvenile Law and Policy, 11(2), pp.235-269
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Wilkin, D., 'Which Way to Turn: Overcoming Barriers to Reporting for Victims of Disability Hate Crime' (2024), International Journal of Disability and Social Justice, 4(3) pp. 23-42
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Willis-Esqueda, C., 'Race and its place in the United States legal system' (2016), in Willis-Esqueda, C. & Bornstein, B.H. (eds.) (2016) The Witness Stand and Lawrence S. Wrightsman, Jr.. New York: Springer-Verlag.
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Wilson, M.S. & Ruback, B., 'Hate crimes in Pennsylvania, 1984–99: Case characteristics and police responses' (2003), Justice Quarterly, 20(2), pp.373-398
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Wong, K., 'The (re)emergence of hate crime as a policy issue' (2002), Criminal Justice Matters, 48(1), pp.34-35
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Wonv, K., 'The (re)emergence of hate crime as a policy issue' (2002), Criminal Justice Matters, 48(1), pp.34-35
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Woods, J.B., 'Policing hatred: A case study of an English police force' (2011), Journal of Hate Studies, 9(1), pp. 127-148
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Wortley, S. & Owusu-bempah, A., 'Unequal before the law: Immigrant and racial minority perceptions of the Canadian criminal justice system' (2009), Journal of International Migration and Integration, 10(4), pp.447-473
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Wu, Y., 'Race/ethnicity and perceptions of the police: A comparison of White, Black, Asian and Hispanic Americans' (2014), Policing and Society, 24(2), pp.135-157
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Wu, Y., Smith, B.W. & Sun, I.Y., 'Race/ethnicity and perceptions of police bias: The case of Chinese immigrants' (2013), Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, 11(1-2), pp.71-92
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Young, D.M., Levinson, J.D. & Sinnett, S., 'Innocent until primed: Mock Jurors’ racially biased response to the presumption of innocence' (2014), PLoS ONE, 9(3)
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Zagrodzki, M., 'The police and the Roma community in Hungary' (2013), in Tomita, M. (2013) Fourth International Conference on Psycho-Social Perspectives in the Quasi-Coercive Treatment of Offenders: Social Control and Vulnerable Groups.
Zaykowski, H., 'Racial disparities in hate crime reporting' (2010), VIolence and Victims, 25(3), pp.378-394
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Zempi, I., 'Nottinghamshire Police: Experiences of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) police officers as victims of hate crimes/incidents (externally) and of bias and prejudice (internally)' (2020), Nottingham Trent University & the Office of Nottinghamshire Police and Crime Commissioner
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