Publications: Criminal justice responses to hate crime
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Stanton-Ife, J., 'Criminalising conduct with special reference to potential offences of stirring up hatred against disabled or transgender persons' (2013), London: Law Commission.
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Steen, S. & Cohen, M.A., 'Assessing the public’s demand for hate crime penalties' (2004), Justice Quarterly, 21(1), pp.91-124
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Stefanou-Haag, E., 'Antiracism: From legislation to education' (1994), Australian Journal of Human Rights, 1(1), pp.185-197
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Storry, K., 'The implications of the Macpherson Report into the death of Stephen Lawrence' (2000), Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 12(1), pp.106-113
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Stotzer, R.L., 'Violence against transgender people: A review of United States data' (2009), Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14(3), pp.170-179
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Strobl, R., Klemm, J. & Wurtz, S., 'Preventing hate crimes: Experiences from two East-German towns' (2005), British Journal of Criminology, 45(5), pp.634-646
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Strobl, S., Phillips, N., Banutai, E. & Reynolds, D., 'Film-making and police-minority relations: Slovenian police and Roma in Shanghai Gypsy' (2015), International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 4(4), pp.22-39
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Sweeney, M.M., Chenane, J.L. & Perliger, A., 'The role of demographic diversification of the police force in curbing hate crimes: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses' (2021), Police Practice and Research [online]
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Takach, R., 'Gay and lesbian inequality: The anti-vilification measures' (1994), Australasian Gay and Lesbian Law Journal, 4, 30
Taylor, P., Corteen, K., Ogden, C., & Morley, S., '‘Standing’ by: disability hate crime and the police in England' (2012), Criminal Justice Matters, 87(1), pp.46-47
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Teruel Lozano, G.M., 'The Spanish Constitutional Court’s case law on speech crimes that punish extreme speeches: Comment on Judgment n. 35/2020, February 25 and beyond' (2021), Teoria y Realidad Constitucional, (47), pp. 411-436
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The Association of Chief Police Officers and Crown Prosecution Service, 'Joint disability hate crime data review' (2014)
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Thompson, S., 'Hate crimes against gays and lesbians: The New South Wales police response' (1997), in Mason, G. & Tomsen, S. (eds.) Homophobic Violence. Australia: Hawkins Press.
Tiby, E., 'Constructions of Homophobic hate crimes: Definitions, decisions, data' (2007), Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 8(2), pp.114-137
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Tiby, E., 'Constructions of homophobic hate crimes: Definitions, decisions, data' (2007), Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 8(2), pp.114-137
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Tomsen, S., 'Hatred, murder and male honour: Gay homicides and the “homosexual panic defence”' (1994), Criminology Australia, 6(2), 2
Tomsen, S. & Kirchengast, T., 'Victimhood, Truth and Criminal Justice Failure in Relation to Anti-Homosexual Violence and Killings in New South Wales' (2019), Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 31(2), pp. 181-193
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Tomsen, S. & Kirchengast, T., 'The Scott Johnson Case: Prosecuting anti-homosexual violence in New South Wales' (2023), Alternative Law Journal [online]
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Trickett, L. & Bryan, T., 'Aligning police practice with hate crime theory: The case for using risk assessments to improve police response to victims of hate' (2024), International Review of Victimology [online]
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Trickett, L. & Hamilton, P., 'The policing of hate crime in Nottinghamshire' (2014)
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Tsesis, A., 'Contextualizing bias crimes: A social and theoretical perspective' (2003), Law & Social Inquiry, 28, pp.315-340
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Tunney, E., 'Misogyny and marginalization in criminal justice systems: Women’s experiences in two post-conflict societies' (2014), Journal of Hate Studies, 12(1), pp. 153-176
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Turner, H.A., Jones, L.M., Mitchell, K.J. & Brown, A., 'Variations in Hate Crime Cases by Bias Motivation Type: Findings From the National Hate Crime Investigation Study (NHCIS)' (2023), Crime and Delinquency [online]
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Twomey, A., 'Laws against incitement to racial hatred in the United Kingdom' (1994), Australian Journal of Human Rights, 1(1), pp.235-248
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Tyson, J., 'Stressors or facilitators? Exploring the factors that impact police officers’ abilities to respond to disablist hate crime' (2022), Policing [online]
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Umbreit, M. S., Lewis, T., & Burns, H., 'A community response to 9/11 hate crime: Restorative justice through dialogue' (2003), Contemporary Justice Review, 6(4), pp.383-391
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Umbreit, M.S., Coates, R.B., & Vos, B., 'The impact of victim-offender mediation: Two decades of research' (2001), Federal Probation, 65(3), pp.29-35
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Uszkiewicz, E., 'Anomalies in the application of law related to hate crimes' (2022), Hungarian Journal of Legal Studies [online]
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Valier, C., 'Punishment as a hate crime' (2002), Criminal Justice Matters, 48(1), pp.30-31
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Vallini, A., 'Criminalizing Hate Speech to Avert Collective Violence? Working Hypotheses About the Offence of “Racist Propaganda” | [Criminalizzare L’Hate Speech per Scongiurare la Collective Violence? Ipotesi di Lavoro Intorno al Reato di “Propaganda Razzista”]' (2020), Studi sulla Questione Criminale, 15(1), pp. 33-64
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Vera Institute of Justice, 'Bias crime assessment: A tool and guidelines for law enforcement and concerned communities' (2018), National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice
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Victor, C., 'Anti-hate policy: All talk, no action' (2002), Criminal Justice Matters, 48(1), pp.36-37
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Victorian Sentencing Advisory Council, 'Sentencing for offences motivated by hatred or prejudice' (2009)
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Vollaard, B. & Hamed, J., 'Why the police have an effect on violent crime after all: Evidence from the British Crime Survey' (2012), Journal of Law and Economics, 55(4), pp.901-924
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Walach, V., Divišová, V., Kalibová, K. & Kupka, P., 'Life cycle of a hate crime – Country report for Czech Republic' (2017), Prague: In IUSTITIA, o.p.s.
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Walker, S., 'Policing hate: The problematic expansion of Louisiana’s hate crime statute to include police officers' (2018), Louisiana Law Review, 78(4), pp.1413-1445
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Wallace, N., 'Reaching out' (2004), Police Review, 19, 22
Wallenberg, J.S., 'The impact of racial slurs and racism on the perceptions and punishment of violent crime' (2008), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(5), pp.685-701
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Walters, M.A., 'Hate crime and restorative justice: Exploring causes, repairing harms' (2014), Clarendon Studies in Criminology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Walters, M.A., 'Conceptualizing ‘hostility’ for hate crime law: Minding ‘the minutiae’ when interpreting section 28(1)(a) of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998' (2014), Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 34(1), pp.47-74
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Walters, M.A., 'Hate crimes in Australia: Introducing punishment enhancers' (2005), Criminal Law Journal, 29(4), pp.201-216
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Walters, M.A., 'Challenging orthodoxy: Towards a restorative approach to combating the globalization of hate' (2016), in J. Schweppe & M.A. Walters, The globalization of hate: Internationalizing hate crime? (pp.294-313), Oxford: Oxford University Press
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Wang, L., 'Recognizing opportunistic bias crimes' (2000), Boston University Law Review, 80(5), pp.1399-1435
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Warner, K., 'Gang rape in Sydney: Crime, the media, politics, race and sentencing' (2004), Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 37(3), pp.344-361
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Wassmuth, B., & Bryant, M.J., 'Not in our world: A perspective of community organizing against hate' (2002), Journal of Hate Studies, 1(1), pp.109-131
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Whine, M., 'Cooperation between criminal justice agencies and civil society in combating hate crime' (2019), Crime, Law and Social Change, 71(3), pp 275-289
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White, R., 'Ethnic diversity and differential policing in Australia: The good, the bad and the ugly' (2009), Journal of International Migration and Integration, 10(4), pp.359-375
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White, V., 'Multicultural perspectives of crime and safety' (2000), Australian Institute of Criminology.
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Wichgers, L., Jacobs, L. & van Spanje, J., 'Trial and Error: Hate Speech Prosecution and Its (Unintended) Effects on Democratic Support' (2020), Acta Politica [online]
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Wiedlitzka, S., 'Risk Factors for Victimization and the Impact of Victim Status on Perceptions of Police Legitimacy in Australia' (2020), Victims & Offenders [online]
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