Publications: Criminal justice responses to hate crime
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Thompson, S., 'Hate crimes against gays and lesbians: The New South Wales police response' (1997), in Mason, G. & Tomsen, S. (eds.) Homophobic Violence. Australia: Hawkins Press.
Tiby, E., 'Constructions of Homophobic hate crimes: Definitions, decisions, data' (2007), Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 8(2), pp.114-137
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Tiby, E., 'Constructions of homophobic hate crimes: Definitions, decisions, data' (2007), Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 8(2), pp.114-137
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Tomsen, S., 'Hatred, murder and male honour: Gay homicides and the “homosexual panic defence”' (1994), Criminology Australia, 6(2), 2
Tomsen, S. & Kirchengast, T., 'Victimhood, Truth and Criminal Justice Failure in Relation to Anti-Homosexual Violence and Killings in New South Wales' (2019), Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 31(2), pp. 181-193
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Tomsen, S. & Kirchengast, T., 'The Scott Johnson Case: Prosecuting anti-homosexual violence in New South Wales' (2023), Alternative Law Journal [online]
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Trickett, L. & Hamilton, P., 'The policing of hate crime in Nottinghamshire' (2014)
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Tsesis, A., 'Contextualizing bias crimes: A social and theoretical perspective' (2003), Law & Social Inquiry, 28, pp.315-340
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Tunney, E., 'Misogyny and marginalization in criminal justice systems: Women’s experiences in two post-conflict societies' (2014), Journal of Hate Studies, 12(1), pp. 153-176
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Turner, H.A., Jones, L.M., Mitchell, K.J. & Brown, A., 'Variations in Hate Crime Cases by Bias Motivation Type: Findings From the National Hate Crime Investigation Study (NHCIS)' (2023), Crime and Delinquency [online]
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Twomey, A., 'Laws against incitement to racial hatred in the United Kingdom' (1994), Australian Journal of Human Rights, 1(1), pp.235-248
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Tyson, J., 'Stressors or facilitators? Exploring the factors that impact police officers’ abilities to respond to disablist hate crime' (2022), Policing [online]
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Umbreit, M. S., Lewis, T., & Burns, H., 'A community response to 9/11 hate crime: Restorative justice through dialogue' (2003), Contemporary Justice Review, 6(4), pp.383-391
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Umbreit, M.S., Coates, R.B., & Vos, B., 'The impact of victim-offender mediation: Two decades of research' (2001), Federal Probation, 65(3), pp.29-35
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Uszkiewicz, E., 'Anomalies in the application of law related to hate crimes' (2022), Hungarian Journal of Legal Studies [online]
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Valier, C., 'Punishment as a hate crime' (2002), Criminal Justice Matters, 48(1), pp.30-31
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Vallini, A., 'Criminalizing Hate Speech to Avert Collective Violence? Working Hypotheses About the Offence of “Racist Propaganda” | [Criminalizzare L’Hate Speech per Scongiurare la Collective Violence? Ipotesi di Lavoro Intorno al Reato di “Propaganda Razzista”]' (2020), Studi sulla Questione Criminale, 15(1), pp. 33-64
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Vera Institute of Justice, 'Bias crime assessment: A tool and guidelines for law enforcement and concerned communities' (2018), National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice
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Victor, C., 'Anti-hate policy: All talk, no action' (2002), Criminal Justice Matters, 48(1), pp.36-37
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Victorian Sentencing Advisory Council, 'Sentencing for offences motivated by hatred or prejudice' (2009)
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Vollaard, B. & Hamed, J., 'Why the police have an effect on violent crime after all: Evidence from the British Crime Survey' (2012), Journal of Law and Economics, 55(4), pp.901-924
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Walach, V., Divišová, V., Kalibová, K. & Kupka, P., 'Life cycle of a hate crime – Country report for Czech Republic' (2017), Prague: In IUSTITIA, o.p.s.
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Walker, S., 'Policing hate: The problematic expansion of Louisiana’s hate crime statute to include police officers' (2018), Louisiana Law Review, 78(4), pp.1413-1445
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Wallace, N., 'Reaching out' (2004), Police Review, 19, 22
Wallenberg, J.S., 'The impact of racial slurs and racism on the perceptions and punishment of violent crime' (2008), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(5), pp.685-701
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Walters, M.A., 'Hate crime and restorative justice: Exploring causes, repairing harms' (2014), Clarendon Studies in Criminology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Walters, M.A., 'Conceptualizing ‘hostility’ for hate crime law: Minding ‘the minutiae’ when interpreting section 28(1)(a) of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998' (2014), Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 34(1), pp.47-74
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Walters, M.A., 'Hate crimes in Australia: Introducing punishment enhancers' (2005), Criminal Law Journal, 29(4), pp.201-216
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Walters, M.A., 'Challenging orthodoxy: Towards a restorative approach to combating the globalization of hate' (2016), in J. Schweppe & M.A. Walters, The globalization of hate: Internationalizing hate crime? (pp.294-313), Oxford: Oxford University Press
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Wang, L., 'Recognizing opportunistic bias crimes' (2000), Boston University Law Review, 80(5), pp.1399-1435
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Warner, K., 'Gang rape in Sydney: Crime, the media, politics, race and sentencing' (2004), Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 37(3), pp.344-361
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Wassmuth, B., & Bryant, M.J., 'Not in our world: A perspective of community organizing against hate' (2002), Journal of Hate Studies, 1(1), pp.109-131
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Whine, M., 'Cooperation between criminal justice agencies and civil society in combating hate crime' (2019), Crime, Law and Social Change, 71(3), pp 275-289
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White, R., 'Ethnic diversity and differential policing in Australia: The good, the bad and the ugly' (2009), Journal of International Migration and Integration, 10(4), pp.359-375
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White, V., 'Multicultural perspectives of crime and safety' (2000), Australian Institute of Criminology.
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Wichgers, L., Jacobs, L. & van Spanje, J., 'Trial and Error: Hate Speech Prosecution and Its (Unintended) Effects on Democratic Support' (2020), Acta Politica [online]
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Wiedlitzka, S., 'Risk Factors for Victimization and the Impact of Victim Status on Perceptions of Police Legitimacy in Australia' (2020), Victims & Offenders [online]
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Wieland, J., 'Peer-on-peer hate crime and hate-motivated incidents involving children in California’s public schools: Contemporary issues in prevalence, response and prevention' (2007), U.C. Davis Journal of Juvenile Law and Policy, 11(2), pp.235-269
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Willis-Esqueda, C., 'Race and its place in the United States legal system' (2016), in Willis-Esqueda, C. & Bornstein, B.H. (eds.) (2016) The Witness Stand and Lawrence S. Wrightsman, Jr.. New York: Springer-Verlag.
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Wilson, M.S. & Ruback, B., 'Hate crimes in Pennsylvania, 1984–99: Case characteristics and police responses' (2003), Justice Quarterly, 20(2), pp.373-398
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Wong, K., 'The (re)emergence of hate crime as a policy issue' (2002), Criminal Justice Matters, 48(1), pp.34-35
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Wonv, K., 'The (re)emergence of hate crime as a policy issue' (2002), Criminal Justice Matters, 48(1), pp.34-35
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Woods, J.B., 'Policing hatred: A case study of an English police force' (2011), Journal of Hate Studies, 9(1), pp. 127-148
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Wortley, S. & Owusu-bempah, A., 'Unequal before the law: Immigrant and racial minority perceptions of the Canadian criminal justice system' (2009), Journal of International Migration and Integration, 10(4), pp.447-473
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Wu, Y., 'Race/ethnicity and perceptions of the police: A comparison of White, Black, Asian and Hispanic Americans' (2014), Policing and Society, 24(2), pp.135-157
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Wu, Y., Smith, B.W. & Sun, I.Y., 'Race/ethnicity and perceptions of police bias: The case of Chinese immigrants' (2013), Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, 11(1-2), pp.71-92
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Young, D.M., Levinson, J.D. & Sinnett, S., 'Innocent until primed: Mock Jurors’ racially biased response to the presumption of innocence' (2014), PLoS ONE, 9(3)
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Zagrodzki, M., 'The police and the Roma community in Hungary' (2013), in Tomita, M. (2013) Fourth International Conference on Psycho-Social Perspectives in the Quasi-Coercive Treatment of Offenders: Social Control and Vulnerable Groups.
Zaykowski, H., 'Racial disparities in hate crime reporting' (2010), VIolence and Victims, 25(3), pp.378-394
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Zempi, I., 'Nottinghamshire Police: Experiences of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) police officers as victims of hate crimes/incidents (externally) and of bias and prejudice (internally)' (2020), Nottingham Trent University & the Office of Nottinghamshire Police and Crime Commissioner
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