Publications: Cyber hate (online hate crime)
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Ninalga, D., 'Cordyceps@LT-EDI: Patching Language-Specific Homophobia/Transphobia Classifiers with a Multilingual Understanding' (2023), LTEDI 2023 - 3rd Workshop on Language Technology for Equality, Diversity and Inclusion - Proceedings, pp. 185–191
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Nithish Babu, M. & Preethi, P., 'OCR-Based Multi-class Classification of Hate Speech in Images' (2023), 1st International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Computational Intelligence, ICAEECI 2023
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Nithyashree, V., Hiremath, B.N., Vanishree, L., Duvvuri, A., Madival, D.A. & Vidyashree, G., 'Identification of Toxicity in MultimediaMessages for Controlling Cyberbullying on Social Media by Natural Language Processing' (2022), 2022 IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing, VLSI, Electrical Circuits and Robotics, DISCOVER 2022 – Proceedings, pp. 12-18
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Niu, S., Veazey, K., Pagan, P. & Ghimire, A., 'Understanding Hate Group Videos on YouTube' (2022), Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW, pp. 32-36
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Nizaruddin, F., 'Role of Public WhatsApp Groups Within the Hindutva Ecosystem of Hate and Narratives of “CoronaJihad”' (2021), International Journal of Communication. 15, pp. 1102-1119
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Njoku, J.N., Eneh, A.U., Nwakanma, C.I., Lee, J.-M. & Kim, D.-S., 'MetaHate: Text-based Hate Speech Detection for Metaverse Applications using Deep Learning' (2023), International Conference on ICT Convergence, pp. 979–984
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Nkemelu, D., Shah, H., Best, M. & Essa, I., 'Tackling Hate Speech in Low-resource Languages with Context Experts' (2022), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 5
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Nkwe, S., 'An Analysis of Xenophobic Elements in South Africa’s Public Discourse via Social Media' (2023), Journal of African Films and Diaspora Studies, 6(1), pp. 23–40
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Noetzold, D., Rossetto, A.G.D.M., Izquierdo, L.R. & Leithardt, V.R.Q., 'Use of Spyware Integrated with Prediction Models for Computer Monitoring | Uso de Spyware Integrado com Modelos de Predição para Monitoramento em Computadores' (2023), Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies, CISTI, 2023
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Nogara, G., Vishnuprasad, P.S., Cardoso, F., Ayoub, O., Giordano, S. & Luceri, L., 'The Disinformation Dozen: An Exploratory Analysis of Covid-19 Disinformation Proliferation on Twitter' (2022), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 348-358
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Noorian, Z., Ghenai, A., Moradisani, H., Zarrinkalam, F. & Alavijeh, S.Z., 'User-Centric Modeling of Online Hate Through the Lens of Psycholinguistic Patterns and Behaviors in Social Media' (2024), IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems [online]
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Nor, M.W.M. & Gale, P., 'Growing Fear of Islamisation: Representation of Online Media in Malaysia' (2021), Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs [online]
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Nouas, S., Boumahdi, F., Madani, A. & Berrhail, F., 'Cyberbullying: A BERT Bi-LSTM Solution for Hate Speech Detection' (2023), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 760 LNNS, pp. 57–65
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Nourooz Pour, H., 'Transitional justice and online social platforms: Facebook and the Rohingya genocide' (2023), International Journal of Law and Information Technology, 31(2), pp. 95–113
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Ntelu, A., Yusuf, M., Hinta, E., Muassomah & Musa, D.Th., 'The Role of Forensic Linguistics in Investigating and Disclosing Language Crimes on Social Media Platforms' (2025), Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 15(1), pp. 283–293
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Nugrahaningsih, N., Lestari, A. & Karolita, D., 'Identifying the Offensive Words in the Twitter Using Latent Semantic Analysis' (2020), 6th International Conference on Computing, Engineering, and Design, ICCED 2020, 9415773
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Nugroho, K., Noersasongko, E., Purwanto, Muljono, Fanani, A.Z., Affandy, & Basuki, R.S., 'Improving Random Forest Method to Detect Hate Speech and Offensive Words' (2019), 2019 International Conference on Information and Communications Technology, ICOIACT 2019, 8938451, pp. 514-518
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Núñez, M.O. & Poveda, S.M., 'Values and Countervalues of the Culture of Peace in Spanish Football. Virtual Environment Analysis. | [VALORES Y CONTRAVALORES DE LA CULTURA DE PAZ EN EL FÚTBOL ESPAÑOL Análisis de los entornos virtuales]' (2022), VISUAL Review. International Visual Culture Review / Revista Internacional de Cultura, 9
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Nwaiwu, S., Jongsawat, N., Tungkasthan, A. & Thaloey, J., 'Fine-Tuned BERT Model for Hate Speech Detection in Political Discourse' (2024), International Conference on ICT and Knowledge Engineering
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Nwozor, A., Ajakaiye, O.O.P., Okidu, O., Olanrewaju, A. & Afolabi, O., 'Social Media in Politics: Interrogating Electorate-Driven Hate Speech in Nigeria’s 2019 Presidential Campaigns' (2022), eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government, 14(1), pp. 104-129
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O'Leary, S., 'European court of human rights (ECtHR): The role of the European court of human rights in developing international/ global law: A survey of ECtHR decisions 2022-2023' (2024), in G. Ziccardi Capaldo (Ed.) The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence 2023: Global Law, Politics, Ethics, Justice (pp. 655–672), New York: Oxford Academic
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Obaida, M.H., Elkaffas, S.M. & Guirguis, S.K., 'Deep Learning Algorithms for Cyber-Bulling Detection in Social Media Platforms' (2024), IEEE Access, 12, pp. 76901–76908
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Obermaier, M., 'Youth on standby? Explaining adolescent and young adult bystanders’ intervention against online hate speech' (2022), New Media and Society [online]
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Obermaier, M., 'Occupational Hazards: Individual and Professional Factors of Why Journalists Become Victims of Online Hate Speech' (2023), Journalism Studies [online]
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Obermaier, M. & Schmuck, D., 'Youths as targets: Factors of online hate speech victimization among adolescents and young adults' (2022), Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 27(4), zmac012
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Obermaier, M., Schmid, U.K. & Rieger, D., 'Empowerment Is Key? How Perceived Political and Critical Digital Media Literacy Explain Direct and Indirect Bystander Intervention in Online Hate Speech' (2025), Social Media and Society, 11(1)
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Obermaier, M., Schmuck, D. & Saleem, M., 'I’ll be there for you? Effects of Islamophobic online hate speech and counter speech on Muslim in-group bystanders’ intention to intervene' (2021), New Media and Society [online]
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Oboler, A. & Casanovas, P., 'The Web of Data’s Role in Legal Ecosystems to Address Violent Extremism Fuelled by Hate Speech in Social Media' (2021), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 13048 LNAI, pp. 230-246
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Ocampo, N., Cabrio, E. & Villata, S., 'Playing the Part of the Sharp Bully: Generating Adversarial Examples for Implicit Hate Speech Detection' (2023), Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 2758–2772
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Ocampo, N., Sviridova, E., Cabrio, E. & Villata, S., 'An In-depth Analysis of Implicit and Subtle Hate Speech Messages' (2023), EACL 2023 - 17th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Proceedings of the Conference, pp. 1989-2005
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Odağ, Ö. & Moskovits, J., 'We are not a virus: repercussions of anti-Asian online hate during the COVID-19 pandemic on identity and coping strategies of Asian-heritage individuals' (2024), Ethnic and Racial Studies [online]
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Odeku, K.O. & Kgaphola, J., 'Combating Weaponisation of Social Media Fostering Hate Speech in South Africa' (2023), Journal of African Films and Diaspora Studies, 6(2), pp. 59–74
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Oehmer-Pedrazzi, F. & Pedrazzi, S., 'An image hurts more than 1000 words? Sources, channels, and characteristics of digital hate images' (2024), Communications, 49(3), pp. 421–443
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Oehmer-Pedrazzi, F. & Pedrazzi, S., 'On the Governance of Discriminatory, Offensive, or Violence-Inciting (Visual) Content on the Internet | Zur Governance von diskriminierenden, beleidigenden oder zu Gewalt aufrufenden (visuellen) Inhalten im Netz' (2025), Medien Und Kommunikationswissenschaft, 73(2), pp. 235–251
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Oga Sanefuji, G., Nihama, S.A. & de Azevedo da Rocha, R.L., 'Machine Learning Analysis on Hate Speech Against Asians' (2024), Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2092 CCIS, pp. 183–194
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Oh, D. & Downey, J., 'Does algorithmic content moderation promote democratic discourse? Radical democratic critique of toxic language AI' (2024), Information Communication and Society [online]
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Oh, D.C., 'Reflexive racialization and discursive affect with the #VeryAsian Hashtag' (2023), Asian Journal of Communication [online]
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Okpala, E., Cheng, L., Mbwambo, N. & Luo, F., 'AAEBERT: Debiasing BERT-based Hate Speech Detection Models via Adversarial Learning' (2022), Proceedings - 21st IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, ICMLA 2022, pp. 1606-1612
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Okten, A>, 'On Commemorating Hrant Dink: Affective Nationalism, Hate Speech, and Digital News Media Users' (2022), Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly [online]
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Oliveira, E., Oliveira, L. & Baldi, V., 'Analysis of Cyberaggression in Social Networks Involving Students and University Environments' (2024), Springer Series in Design and Innovation, 35, pp. 287–300
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Oliveira, L. & Azevedo, J., 'Using Social Media Categorical Reactions as a Gateway to Identify Hate Speech in COVID-19 News' (2023), SN Computer Science, 4(1), 11
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Ollagnier, A., Cabrio, E. & Villata, S., 'Unsupervised fine-grained hate speech target community detection and characterisation on social media' (2023), Social Network Analysis and Mining, 13(1), 58
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Ollagnier, A., Cabrio, E. & Villata, S., 'Harnessing Bullying Traces to Enhance Bullying Participant Role Identification in Multi-Party Chats' (2023), Proceedings of the International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference, FLAIRS, 36
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Ollagnier, A., Cabrio, E., Villata, S. & Basile, V., 'CyberAgressionAdo-Large: French Multiparty Chat Dataset to Address Online Hate | CyberAgressionAdo-Large: Jeux de données français de conversations multipartites pour l’étude de la haine en ligne' (2024), Revue Traitement Automatique Des Langues, 65(3), pp. 21–44
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Ollagnier, A., Cabrio, E., Villata, S. & Blaya, C., 'CyberAgressionAdo-v1: a Dataset of Annotated Online Aggressions in French Collected through a Role-playing Game' (2022), 2022 Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, LREC 2022, pp. 867-875
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Ollagnier, A., Cabrio, E., Villata, S. & Tonelli, S., 'BiRDy: Bullying Role Detection in Multi-Party Chats' (2023), Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2023, 37, pp. 16464–16466
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Olmedo Neri, R.A., 'Being and Creating a Safe Space on the Internet. Digital Communication Practices of Mexican LGBT+ Youth in Response to Hate Speech | Ser y hacer un lugar seguro en Internet. Prácticas comunicativas digitales de jóvenes LGBT+ mexicanos ante discursos de odio' (2025), Doxa Comunicacion, 2025-July-December(41), pp. 191–212
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Olmos-Alcaraz, A., 'Islamophobia and Twitter: The Political Discourse of the Extreme Right in Spain and Its Impact on the Public' (2023), Religions, 14(4), 506
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Omar, A. & Hashem, M.E., 'An Evaluation of the Automatic Detection of Hate Speech in Social Media Networks' (2022), International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 13(2), pp. 228-233
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Omar, A., Mahmoud, T.M., & Abd-El-Hafeez, T., 'Comparative Performance of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms for Arabic Hate Speech Detection in OSNs' (2020), Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 1153 AISC, pp. 247-257
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