Publications: Cyber hate (online hate crime)
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Stechemesser, A., Wenz, L. & Levermann, A., 'Corona Crisis Fuels Racially Profiled Hate in Social Media Networks' (2020), EClinicalMedicine, 100372 [online]
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Stechemesser, A., Wenz, L., Kotz, M. & Levermann, A., 'Strong increase of racist tweets outside of climate comfort zone in Europe' (2021), Environmental Research Letters, 16(11), 114001
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Stefanelli, F., Menesini, E., Nocentini, A. & Palladino, B.E., 'Exposure to and Speaking Up Against Online Ethnic Hate Speech: The Role of Xenophobia in a Three-Wave Longitudinal Study' (2023), Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking [online]
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Ştefăniţă, O. & Buf, D.-M., 'Hate speech in social media and its effects on the LGBT community: A review of the current research' (2021), Romanian Journal of Communication and Public Relations, 23(1), pp. 47-55
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Stein, A. & Salime, Z., 'Manufacturing Islamophobia: Rightwing pseudo-documentaries and the paranoid style' (2015), Journal of Communication Inquiry, 39(4), pp.378-396
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Stengg, W., 'Digital policy in the EU: Towards a human-centred digital transformation' (2024), Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing
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Stewart, N.K., Al-Rawi, A., Celestini, C. & Worku, N., 'Hate Influencers’ Mediation of Hate on Telegram: “We Declare War Against the Anti-White System”' (2023), Social Media and Society, 9(2)
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Stockhammer, N. (Ed.), 'Routledge Handbook of Transnational Terrorism' (2023), London: Routledge
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Strand, C. & Svensson, J., 'Towards a Situated Understanding of Vulnerability–An Analysis of Ugandan LGBT+ Exposure to Hate Crimes in Digital Spaces' (2022), Journal of Homosexuality [online]
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Stranisci, M.A., Frenda, S., Lai, M., Araque, O., Cignarella, A.T., Basile, V., Patti, V. & Bosco, C., 'O-Dang! The Ontology of Dangerous Speech Messages' (2022), 2nd Workshop on Sentiment Analysis and Linguistic Linked Data, SALLD 2022 - held in conjunction with the International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2022 – Proceedings, pp. 2-8
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Stray, M., 'Online hate crime report 2017: Challenging online homophobia, biphobia and transphobia' (2017), Galop
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Stremlau, N. & Gagliardone, I., 'Socio-Legal Approaches to Online Hate Speech' (2019), in N. Creutzfeldt, M. Mason & K. McConnachie (Eds.) Routledge Handbook of Socio-Legal Theory and Methods. London: Routledge
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Strobl, S., Phillips, N., Banutai, E. & Reynolds, D., 'Film-making and police-minority relations: Slovenian police and Roma in Shanghai Gypsy' (2015), International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 4(4), pp.22-39
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Strohmeier, D. & Gradinger, P., 'Teachers’ knowledge and intervention strategies to handle hate-postings' (2021), European Journal of Developmental Psychology [online]
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Strohmeier, D., Gradinger, P. & Yanagida, T., 'The Role of Intrapersonal-, Interpersonal-, Family-, and School-Level Variables in Predicting Bias-Based Cybervictimization' (2021), Journal of Early Adolescence [online]
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Stroińska, M. & Cecchetto, V., 'Can There Be a ‘Safe Haven’ for Trauma Survivors in This Social Media Dominated World?' (2019), Trames, 23(2), pp. 223-238
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Struck, J. & Wagner, D., 'Online Hate Speech – Social Complexity of Individual Excesses. Micro- and Macro-Sociological Perspectives on Attributions of Inequality in Digital Speech Acts | [Online Hate Speech – gesellschaftliche Komplexität individueller Exzesse. Mikro- und makrosoziologische Perspektiven auf Ungleichwertigkeitszuschreibungen in digitalen Sprechakten]' (2022), Kriminologie, 4(2), pp. 179-195
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Su, L., Wang, Z., Peng, Y. & Sun, C., 'Identification of Offensive Language in Social Media Using Prompt Learning' (2023), Proceedings - 2023 IEEE 11th International Conference on Healthcare Informatics, ICHI 2023, pp. 690–691
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Su, X., Li, Y., Branco, P. & Inkpen, D., 'SSL-GAN-RoBERTa: A robust semi-supervised model for detecting Anti-Asian COVID-19 hate speech on social media' (2023), Natural Language Engineering [online]
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Subramanian, M., Adhithiya, G.J., Gowthamkrishnan, S. & Deepti, R., 'Detecting Offensive Tamil Texts Using Machine Learning And Multilingual Transformer Models' (2022), 1st IEEE International Conference on Smart Technologies and Systems for Next Generation Computing, ICSTSN 2022
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Subramanian, M., Easwaramoorthy Sathiskumar, V., Deepalakshmi, G., Cho, J. & Manikandan, G., 'A survey on hate speech detection and sentiment analysis using machine learning and deep learning models' (2023), Alexandria Engineering Journal, 80, pp. 110–121
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Sudharsan, V., Kumar, U.N., Evan, X.M. & Jeya, J.J., 'Multi-task semantic level hate speech detection using transformer based model and ensemble classifiers' (2025), in S. Kaur, S. Kamboj, M. Kumar, A. Dagur & D. Kumar Shukla (Eds.) Computational Methods in Science and Technology - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computational Methods in Science and Technology, ICCMST 2024, Volume 2 (pp. 349–354), London: CRC Press
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Sugandhi, K., Reddy, R.U.K., Reddy, K.R.K. & Reddy, B.B., 'Predicting Hate Words and Offensive Language: A Machine Learning Approach' (2024), Proceedings - 2024 8th International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control, ICISC 2024, pp. 205–210
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Sultan, D., Mussiraliyeva, S., Toktarova, A., Nurtas M., Iztayev Z., Zhaidakbaeva L., Shaimerdenova L., Akhmetova, O. & Omarov, B., 'Cyberbullying and Hate Speech Detection on Kazakh-Language Social Networks' (2021), Proceedings - 2021 7th IEEE International Conference on Big Data Security on Cloud, IEEE International Conference on High Performance and Smart Computing, and IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data and Security, BigDataSecurity/HPSC/IDS 2021, 9463568, pp. 197-201
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Sultan, D., Omarov, B., Kozhamkulova, Z., Kazbekova, G., Alimzhanova, L., Dautbayeva, A., Zholdassov, Y. & Abdrakhmanov, R., 'A Review of Machine Learning Techniques in Cyberbullying Detection' (2023), Computers, Materials and Continua, 74(3), pp. 2625-2640
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Sultan, D., Toktarova, A., Zhumadillayeva, A., Aldeshov, S., Mussiraliyeva, S., Beissenova, G., Tursynbayev, A., Baenova, G. & Imanbayeva, A., 'Cyberbullying-related Hate Speech Detection Using Shallow-to-deep Learning' (2023), Computers, Materials and Continua, 74(1), pp. 2115-2131
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Sulzhytski, I., 'Opposition as “a Mould on the Fatherland”: Hate Speech and Grassroots Telegram Propaganda in Belarus' (2022), Journal of Belarusian Studies, 908(2), 12350018
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Sumanth, P., Samiuddin, S., Jamal, K., Domakonda, S. & Shivani, P., 'Toxic Speech Classification using Machine Learning Algorithms' (2022), Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Electronic Systems and Intelligent Computing, ICESIC 2022, pp. 257-263
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Sumartias, S., Pulubuhu, D.A.T., Elfitra & Ratnasari, E., 'Portrait of Hate Speech Propagators’ Behaviour in Indonesia Twittersphere: A Comparative Virtual Ethnography Study' (2024), Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 40(2), pp. 1–22
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Sun, Y. & Xiao, H., 'Profiling Hate Speech Spreaders on Twitter using BERT Pre-trained Model and Neural Network' (2022), Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 125005X
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Sunagar, P., Kanavalli, A., Nayak, S.S., Mahan, S.R., Prasad, S. & Prasad, S., 'Classification of Hate Tweets Using Hybrid Deep Belief Network Algorithm' (2022), Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 936, pp. 3-12
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Sundaram, V., Pavan, R.S., Kandaala, S. & Reddy, R.R., 'Distinguishing Hate Speech from Sarcasm' (2022), 2022 International Conference for Advancement in Technology, ICONAT 2022
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Sundén, J. & Paasonen, S., 'Shameless hags and tolerance whores: feminist resistance and the affective circuits of online hate' (2018), Feminist Media Studies 18(4), pp. 643-656
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Suntaxi, J.G., Recalde, L., Loza-Aguirre, E. & Martinez-Mosquera, D., 'Cholo, Indio, Mono: Ecuador and the Linguistic Context of Hate Speech on Twitter' (2024), International Conference on eDemocracy and eGovernment, ICEDEG 2024
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Sureja, N., Chaudhari, N., Patel, P., Bhatt, J., Desai, T. & Parikh, V., 'Hyper-tuned Swarm Intelligence Machine Learning-based Sentiment Analysis of Social Media' (2024), Engineering, Technology and Applied Science Research, 14(4), pp. 15415–15421
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Suresh Babu, C.V., Kowsika, S., Tejaswi, M.S., Janarakshani, T.R. & Princy, S.M., 'Framework for detection of cyberbullying in text data using natural language processing and machine learning' (2023), in N. Chitadze (Ed.) Cyber Security Policies and Strategies of the World's Leading States (pp. 69–85), Hershey, PA: IGI Global
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Sutarsih, Subyantoro, Mardikantoro, H.B. & Yuniawan, T., 'Cases of Women’s Hate Speech Due to the Use of Taboo Language on Social Media' (2024), Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 14(9), pp. 2814–2822
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Sutton, M., 'Race hatred and the Far Right on the internet' (2002), Criminal Justice Matters, 48(1), pp.26-27
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Swain, M., Biswal, M., Raj, P., Kumar, A. & Mishra, D., 'Hate and Offensive Language Identification from Social Media: A Machine Learning Approach' (2022), Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 860, pp. 335-342
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Syahputra, I., 'Expressions of Hatred and the Formation of Spiral of Anxiety on Social Media in Indonesia' (2019), SEARCH (Malaysia), 11(1), pp. 95-112
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Syahputri, A.B. & Sibaroni, Y., 'Comparative Analysis of CNN and LSTM Performance for Hate Speech Detection on Twitter' (2023), International Conference on ICT Convergence, 2023-August, pp. 190–195
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Syaifuddiin, G.N., Arifin, R., Desriyanti, Buntoro, G.A., Rosyidin, Z.U., Pratama, R.Y. & Selamat, A., 'Hoax Identification of Indonesian Tweeters Using Ensemble Classifier' (2023), Journal of Information Systems and Telecommunication, 11(2), pp. 94–101
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Syam, S.S., Irawan, B. & Setianingsih, C., 'Hate Speech Detection on Twitter Using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Method' (2019), 2019 4th International Conference on Information Technology, Information Systems and Electrical Engineering, ICITISEE 2019, 9003992, pp. 305-310
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Sykes, S. & Hopner, V., 'Tradwives: Right-Wing Social Media Influencers' (2024), Journal of Contemporary Ethnography [online]
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Szabó, M., 'Sanchez v. France: Necessary Protection or Erosion of Freedom of Expression on the Networks? | Sanchez proti Francii: nezbytná ochrana, nebo eroze svobody projevu na sítích?' (2024), Pravnik, 163(10), pp. 1080–1099
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Tabassum, M., Mackey, A. & Lerner, A., '‘Custodian of Online Communities’: How Moderator Mutual Support in Communities Help Fight Hate and Harassment Online' (2024), Proceedings of the 20th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security, SOUPS 2024, pp. 297–314
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Tabassum, M., Mackey, A., Schuett, A. & Lerner, A., 'Investigating Moderation Challenges to Combating Hate and Harassment: The Case of Mod-Admin Power Dynamics and Feature Misuse on Reddit' (2024), Proceedings of the 33rd USENIX Security Symposium, pp. 37–54
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TaeHyuk Keum, B. & Hearns, M., 'Online Gaming and Racism: Impact on Psychological Distress Among Black, Asian, and Latinx Emerging Adults' (2021), Games and Culture [online]
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Tahir, I. & Ramadhan, M.G.F., 'Hate speech on social media: Indonesian netizens’ hate comments of presidential talk shows on YouTube' (2024), LLT Journal: Journal on Language and Language Teaching, 27(1), pp. 230–251
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Tahmasbi, F., Schild, L., Ling, C., Blackburn, J., Stringhini, G, Zhang, Y. & Zannettou, S., '“Go eat a bat, Chang!”: On the emergence of Sinophobic behavior on web communities in the face of COVID-19' (2021), The Web Conference 2021 - Proceedings of the World Wide Web Conference, WWW 2021, pp. 1122-1133
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