Publications: Law and hate crime

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Edge, P.W., 'Extending hate crime to religion' (2003), Journal of Civil Liberties, 8(1), pp.5-27
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Eggers, A. & Hobbs, J., 'Combatting the financing of hate groups' (2022), Journal of Money Laundering Control [online]
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Eisenberg, A., 'A Trauma-Centered Approach to Addressing Hate Crimes' (2022), Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 112(4),2, pp. 729-748
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Elbahtimy, M., 'The Right to Protection from Incitement to Hatred: An Unsettled Right' (2021), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
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Ellis, T. & Hall, N., 'Hate crime' (2010), in Brown, J. & Campbell, E. (eds.) (2010) Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology. Cambridge University Press.

Ellison, G. & Smith, L., 'Hate crime legislation and violence against sex workers in Ireland: Lessons in policy and practice' (2017), in A. Haynes, J. Schweppe, & S. Taylor (Eds.), Critical perspectives on hate crime (pp.179-207). London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan
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Enarsson, T. & Naarttijarvi, M., 'Is it all part of the game? Victim differentiation and the normative protection of victims of online antagonism under the European Convention on Human Rights (Article)' (2016), International Review of Victimology, 22(2), pp.123-138
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Equality and Human Rights Commission, 'Hidden in plain sight: Inquiry into disability-related harassment' (2011)
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Erasmus, N., 'Age discrimination in critical care triage in South Africa: The law and the allocation of scarce health resources in the COVID-19 pandemic' (2020), South African Medical Journal, 110(12), pp. 1172-1175
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Erba, J., 'Effective or symbolic testing the constitutionality of the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Hate Crimes Prevention Act' (2014), International Journal of Discrimination and the Law, 14(2), pp.99-116
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Esakov, G.A. & Korobeev, A.I., 'Hate crimes counteraction: American experience' (2014), Criminology Journal of Baikal National University of Economics and Law, 1, pp.144-153
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Estacio, A.M.Y., 'The “newest ‘yellow peril’”: How American legal history shaped the rise in Asian American hate crimes in the covid-19 pandemic' (2023), Denver Law Review, 100(1), pp. 305–323
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European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI), 'ECRI Report on Austria (fifth monitoring cycle)' (2015), ECRI Secretariat, Council of Europe
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European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI), 'ECRI Report on the Czech Republic (fifth monitoring cycle)' (2015), ECRI Secretariat, Council of Europe
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European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI), 'ECRI Report on Estonia (fifth monitoring cycle)' (2015), ECRI Secretariat, Council of Europe
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European Commission against Racism and Intolerance [ECRI], 'Third report on Italy' (2006), Strasbourg: Council of Europe
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European Commission against Racism and Intolerance [ECRI], 'ECRI Report on Germany (fourth monitoring cycle)' (2009), Strasbourg: Council of Europe
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European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA), 'Unmasking bias motives in crimes: Selected cases of the European Court of Human Rights' (2018)
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Ezeibe, C., 'Hate Speech and Election Violence in Nigeria' (2020), Journal of Asian and African Studies [online]
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F

Faculty of Advocates, 'Faculty of Advocates Response to the Independent Review of Hate Crime Legislation in Scotland' (2017)
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Fallik, S.W., Gardner, S.E., Remillard, A., Venuto, T., Atkin-Plunk, C.A. & Dobrin, A., 'Defining Hate: A Content Analysis of State Hate Crime Legislation in the United States of America' (2022), Victims and Offenders [online]
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Farrand, B., '‘Is This a Hate Speech?’ The Difficulty in Combating Radicalisation in Coded Communications on Social media Platforms' (2023), European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research [online]
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Farrell, A. & Lockwood, S., 'Addressing Hate Crime in the 21st Century: Trends, Threats, and Opportunities for Intervention' (2023), Annual Review of Criminology, 6, pp. 107-130
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Faulkner, E., 'Hate crime in Canada: An overview of issues and data sources' (2001), International Journal of Comparative Criminology, 2(2), pp.239-261

Federman, C., 'Varieties of censorship: Hate speech, pornography, and the First Amendment' (2021), First Amendment Studies [online]
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Feenan, D., 'Religious vilification laws: Quelling fires of hatred?' (2006), Alternative Law Journal, 31(3), pp.153-158
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Fekete, L., 'Anti-Muslim racism and the European Security State' (2004), Race and Class, 46(1), pp.3-29
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Feo, F., 'Legislative reforms to fight discrimination and violence against LGBTQ+: the failure of the Zan Bill in Italy' (2022), European Journal of Politics and Gender, 5(1), pp. 149-151
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Fidgett, P., 'Responding to racial violence' (1993), Probation Journal, 40(2), pp.88-90
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Field, A.-M., 'Counter-hegemonic citizenship: LGBT communities and the politics of hate crimes in Canada' (2007), Citizenship Studies, 11(3), pp.247-262
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Fino, A., 'Defining Hate Speech' (2020), Journal of International Criminal Justice, 18(1), pp. 31-57
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Fino, A., 'A critique of the UN Strategy and Guidance on ‘Hate Speech’: Some Legal Considerations' (2023), Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, 41(4), pp. 190–213
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Fischer-Lessiak, G., Sackl-Sharif, S. & Millner, C., 'Online Hate Speech: User Perception and Experience Between Law and Ethics' (2022), 9th European Conference on Social Media, ECSM 2022, pp. 48-56
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Flahvin, A., 'Can legislation prohibiting hate speech be justified in light of free speech principles?' (1995), University of New South Wales Law Journal, 18(2), pp.327-340
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Fondevila, G. & Sandberg, S., 'The “new” crimes of pandemics: observations and insights from Latin America' (2023), Security Journal [online]
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Fox, J., 'Do Religion Clauses in Constitutions Predict Government-Based Discrimination against Religious Minorities?' (2023), Religions, 14(1), 92
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Franklin, K., 'Good intentions: The enforcement of hate crime penalty-enhancement statutes' (2002), American Behavioral Scientist, 46(1), pp.154-172
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Frazao, H.A. & Gatti, A., 'Free speech and sedition in Brazil. National legal perspective and the international law | [Liberta d’espressione e sovversione in Brasile Spunti dal diritto internazionale per la disciplina interna]' (2021), Diritto Pubblico Comparato ed Europeo, 23(4), pp. 855-886
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Fuchs, S., 'Rethinking the Atrocities Act: Proving Prejudice and Interpreting Evidence in Rajasthan' (2022), South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, (28)
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Fuchs, S., 'Truth clashes: caste atrocities, false cases, and the limits of hate crime law in North India' (2024), Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute [online]
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Fuller, P.B., 'Words, Wounds, and Relationships: Why Social Ties Matter to Free Speech in High-Conflict Protests' (2019), Journalism and Communication Monographs, 21(3), pp. 168-258
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Fuszara, M., 'Hate crime' (2017), in J.M. Kurczewski & M. Fuszara (Eds.), How people use the courts: The disputes and courts in Poland (Polish Studies in Culture, Nations and Politics). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang AG

Fyfe, S., 'Tracking hate speech acts as incitement to genocide in international criminal law' (2017), Leiden Journal of International Law [online], pp.1-26
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Gabai, S., 'LGBTQI Digital Media Activism and Counter-Hate Speech in Italy' (2022), London: Routledge
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Gagliardi, S., Valverde-Cano, A. & Rice, O., 'Barriers to the investigation of gender-based hate crimes in the United Kingdom and Ireland: An empirical study' (2022), UCD Sutherland School of Law, University of Nottingham Rights Lab & Universitas 21 (March 2022 policy report)
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Gaïni, S.M., 'Universities and other institutions – not hate speech laws – are a threat to freedom of political speech' (2022), Etikk i Praksis, 16(1), pp. 5-19
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Galli, F., Loreggia, A. & Sartor, G., 'The Regulation of Content Moderation' (2023), in D. Moura Vicente, S. de Vasconcelos Casimiro, C. Chen, (Eds.) The Legal Challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Law, Governance and Technology Series, volume 57) (pp. 63–87), Cham: Springer
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Galyashina, E.I. & Nikishin, V.D., 'The concept of hate speech as a threat to the information security of internet communication | [Язык вражды как угроза информационной безопасности интернет-коммуникации]' (2021), Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta. Pravo, 12(3), pp. 555-573
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Gamarra, Y., 'Innovations of the mandate of the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights | [INNOVATIONS DU MANDAT DE L’AGENCE DES DROITS FONDAMENTAUX DE L’UNION EUROPÉENNE]' (2022), Revista de Derecho Comunitario Europeo, 2022(73), pp. 749-791
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Gan, L., Williams, R.C. & Wiseman, T., 'A simple model of optimal hate crime legislation' (2011), Economic Inquiry, 49(3)
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