Publications: Hate crime models
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Kutateladze, B.L., 'Hate Crime Victimization and Reporting Within Miami’s Queer Latine Immigrant Population' (2022), Law and Human Behavior [online]
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Kyrollos, D.G. & Green, J.R., 'MetaHate: A Meta-Model for Hate Speech Detection' (2021), Proceedings - 2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, Big Data 2021, pp. 2496-2502
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Lacalle, C., Gómez-Morales, B. & Vicent-Ibáñez, M., 'Misogyny and the construction of toxic masculinity in the Spanish Manosphere (Burbuja.info)' (2023), Profesional de la Informacion, 32(2), e320215
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Lai, A., 'In Defense of Free Speech in Universities: A Study of Three Jurisdictions' (2023), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press
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Lai, T.-H., 'Racist Monuments: The Beauty is the Beast' (2024), Journal of Ethics [online]
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Lai, T.-H., 'Racist Monuments: The Beauty is the Beast' (2025), Journal of Ethics, 29(1), pp. 21–41, e12501
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Landry, A.P., Ihm, E. & Schooler, J.W., 'Hated but still human: Metadehumanization leads to greater hostility than metaprejudice' (2021), Group Processes and Intergroup Relations [online]
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Lanning, R., 'Irrationalism: The Foundation of Hate Propaganda' (2012), Journal of Hate Studies, 10(1), pp. 49-71
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Lantos, D. & Molenberghs, P., 'The neuroscience of intergroup threat and violence' (2021), Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 131, pp. 77-87
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Lantz, B., Malcom, Z.T. & Wenger, M.R., 'The Consequences of Hate Crime Victimization: Considering Prejudicial Attitudes as an Outcome of Interracial Bias-Motivated Conflict' (2023), Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency [online]
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Lantz, B., Vanden Bosch, M., Mills, J.M., Wenger, M.R. & Malcom, Z.T., 'Hate-Motivated Violence in America: Conceptualizing an Expanded and Updated Typology Using Latent Class Analysis' (2025), Journal of Quantitative Criminology [online]
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Laryš, M., '“White Jihad” and “White Sharia”: Jihadism as an Instrument of Intra-Extremist Outbidding among Right-Wing Extremists' (2023), Terrorism and Political Violence [online]
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Latif, A., Gulzar, N., Vaughan, A., Khan, F. & Hussain, M., '“Open, Honest, Passionate and with Some Humor”: Understanding Trust Building Between British Muslims and the Wider Community' (2021), Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs [online]
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Latif, M.A., 'Make America hate again? Before and after Trump, there were differences in how Muslims and Islam were portrayed in American media' (2024), Social Identities [online]
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Lau, S.B., Bersamira, C.S., Lee, Y.J. & Yamauchi, J., 'Asian American social workers’ experiences and perspectives on anti-Asian hate' (2023), Journal of Social Work [online]
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Laube, M., 'From Treason to ‘Germanophobia’ – Political Criminality as Concept Creep | Von Hochverrat zu „Deutschfeindlichkeit“– Politische Kriminalität als Concept Creep' (2024), Kriminologie, 6(4), pp. 254–271
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Laughlin, C., 'The paranoid infrastructural imaginary of alt-tech: understanding how the reactionary mind fuels digital fascism' (2025), Journal of Information Technology and Politics [online]
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Lee, S., 'Asian critical theory in understanding the women victims of anti-Asian hate crimes' (2022), International Social Work [online]
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Lee, C., 'COVID-19 conspiracy theories as affective discourse' (2022), in M. Demata, V. Zorzi & A. Zottola (Eds.) Conspiracy Theory Discourses (Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture, 98) (pp. 215-238), Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing
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Lee, S., 'Willingness to cooperate with police in hate crime cases: the impact of police legitimacy, police encounters and race/ethnicity' (2024), Policing [online]
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Lee, S., Choi, J. & Ahn, C., 'Hate prompts participation: Examining the dynamic relationship between affective polarization and political participation' (2023), New Media and Society [online]
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Lepoutre, M., 'Hateful Counterspeech' (2022), Ethical Theory and Moral Practice [online]
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Lera, E.C., 'The Correlation between Economic Decline and Radicalization towards the Far Right in the United States: The Case of Hate Groups in the Rust Belt | La correlación entre el detrimento económico y la radicalización hacia la extrema derecha en Estados Unidos: El caso de los grupos de odio en el Rust Belt' (2024), Norteamerica, 19(2)
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Lestari, Y., Elian, N., Diego, Anindya, A. & Helmi, R.F., 'The Relationship Between Social Media Usage and Responses to Hoax and Hate Speech in Padang' (2024), Studies in Media and Communication, 12(3), pp. 393–404
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Lettieri, J., Logie, K. & Paccione-Frometa, J., 'Noise Complaints and Land Rezoning as a Predictor of Hate Crimes in a New York City Borough' (2023), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Leung, V. & Masuoka, N., 'Race in a Pandemic: Asian American Perceptions of Discrimination and Political Preferences in the 2020 Election' (2025), Public Opinion Quarterly, 89(1), pp. 49–73
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Levin, B. & Levine, K., 'Redistributing Justice' (2024), Columbia Law Review, 124(5), pp. 1531–1594
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Levin, B., Nolan, J.J. & Perry, B., 'Disrupting the mantra of multiculturalism: Hate crime in Canada' (2015), American Behavioral Scientist, 59(13), pp.1637-1654
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Levin, J. & Reichelmann, A., 'From thrill to defensive motivation: The role of group threat in the changing nature of hate-motivated assaults' (2015), American Behavioral Scientist, 59(12), pp.1546-1561
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Levy, A., Galinsky, A., Nguyen, C.Q., Saguy, T., Ikizer, E.G. & Dovidio, J.F., 'Ingroup love, outgroup hate, and the gateway group effect: Comparing the direct and indirect impact of dual versus single identification' (2023), PloS one, 18(8), e0287631
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Lewis, C.S., 'Tough-on-crime tolerance: The cultural criminalization of bigotry in the Post-Civil Rights Era' (2012), Critical Criminology, 20(3), pp.275-292
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Li, M., 'Exemplifying Power Matters: The Impact of Power Exemplification of Transgender People in the News on Issue Attribution, Dehumanization, and Aggression Tendencies' (2021), Journalism Practice [online]
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Li, J.-Y., Tao, W. & Lee, Y., 'Corporate Responsibility to Race (CRR) and Its Effect on Public Engagement in Activism Against anti-Asian Hate: The Role of Perceived CRR Authenticity and Issue Importance' (2025), International Journal of Strategic Communication [online]
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Libby, C., 'Sympathy, Fear, Hate Trans-Exclusionary Radical Feminism and Evangelical Christianity' (2022), Transgender Studies Quarterly, 9(3), pp. 425-442
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Lieberman, J.D., Arndt, J., Personius, J. & Cook, A., 'Vicarious annihilation: The effect of mortality salience on perceptions of hate crimes' (2001), Law and Human Behaviour, 25(6), pp.547-566
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Liguori, J.B. & Spanierman, L.B., 'Walking out on hate: A qualitative investigation of how and why White supremacists quit hate groups' (2022), Journal of Counseling Psychology, 69(4), pp. 389-402
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Liu, H., 'From Model Minority to Yellow Peril: The Shifting Narratives of Asian International Students' (2023), Journal of International Students, 13(1), pp. 79-84
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Liu, J., Jia, X., Wu, Y., Zhang, J. & Huang, X., 'From News to Knowledge: Predicting Hate Crime Trends through Event Extraction from Media Content' (2024), IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 54(4), pp. 601–613
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Liu, L., '“Virtual Ethnic Town Hall”: WeChat and Suburban Chinese Migrants’ Multidirectional Activism' (2023), Journal of American Ethnic History, 42(3), pp. 5-39
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Liu, M., Anastasio, N., LeFreniere, H. & Perliger, A., 'Public Health Crisis and Hate Crimes: Deciphering the Proliferation of Anti-Asian Violence in the US before and during COVID-19' (2023), Perspectives on Terrorism, 17(2), pp. 30–59
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Liu, S.X., 'Relational Legal Consciousness in the Context of Hate Crime Laws' (2025), Social and Legal Studies [online]
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Livingston, S. & Bahador, B., 'Propaganda feedback loops as communication rituals: Hate speech on talk radio' (2025), Media, Culture and Society [online]
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Llanera, T., 'The Misogyny Paradox and the Alt-Right' (2023), Hypatia, 10(6)
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Lo Cricchio, M.G., Stefanelli, F., Menesini, E. & Nocentini, A., 'Adolescents’ Ethnic Hate Speech Exposure and Ethnic Bullying Perpetration: The Moderating Role of Tolerance Towards Diversity and Gender' (2023), Cyberpsychology, 17(5), 4
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Lo, B., 'Anti-Asian Violence and Abolition Feminism as Asian American Feminist Praxis' (2023), Feminist Formations, 35(1), pp. 221–239
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Lobanov, N., 'From London Bridge to Finsbury Park Mosque: humour and hate crimes' (2024), European Journal of Humour Research, 12(1), pp. 157–170
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Lockwood, S., Drakulich, K., Yohros, A., Farrell, A., Cuevas, C.A. & Chavez, R., 'Unveiling the Nexus: How Bias Victimization Experiences among Latinx Communities Impact Political Engagement' (2025), Social Science Quarterly, 106(5), e70074
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Logie, K., Cohen, N.D., Taylor, E. & Perry, K., 'Hidden Hate: Analysis of Hate Speech on a Darknet Forum' (2025), Justice Quarterly [online]
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London-Nadeau, K., Barborini, C., Haines-Saah, R., Bazarov, M., Bristowe, S., Khorkhordina, M., Lemay-Gaulin, M., Gorka, C., Juster, R.-P., D'Alessio, H. & Chadi, N., 'Scapegoated communities, shared struggles: A call for solidarity with people who use drugs and queer and trans people' (2025), International Journal of Drug Policy, 143, 104915
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Lopez, J.J., Jang, W., Yan, L. & Prew, P., 'The geography of hate crime in California, 2015–18' (2024), SN Social Sciences, 4(8), 143
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