Publications: Hate crime models

Medina, R.M., Nicolosi, E.A., Brewer, S. & Moore, E., 'A geographical analysis of socioeconomic and ideological drivers of hate crime in the United States' (2021), International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research, 12(2), pp. 39-56
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Medina, R.M., Nicolosi, E.A., Brewer, S. & Moore, E., 'A geographical analysis of socioeconomic and ideological drivers of hate crime in the United States' (2022), in Information Resources Management Association (Eds.) Research Anthology on Modern Violence and Its Impact on Society (pp. 290-310), Hershey, PA: IGI Global
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Medoff, M.H., 'Allocation of time and hateful behavior: A theoretical and positive analysis of hate and hate crimes' (1999), The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 58(4), pp.959-973
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Meer, N., 'Racialization and religion: Race, culture and difference in the study of antisemitism and Islamophobia' (2013), Ethnic and Racial Studies, 36(3), pp.385-398
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Meerson, R., Koban, K. & Matthes, J., 'Too much of what? Two-wave panel evidence for selective (de-)sensitization through frequent exposure to different kinds of digital hate' (2025), Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 30(2), zmaf002
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Megersa, T. & Minaye, A., 'Social media users’ online behavior with regard to the circulation of hate speech' (2023), Frontiers in Communication, 8, 1276245
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Meier, M.L. & Sharp, K., 'Death to Chad and Stacy: Incels and anti-fandom as group identity' (2024), International Journal of Cultural Studies [online]
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Melchiori, F.M., Martucci, S., Lo Destro, C. & Benvenuto, G., 'Hate Speech Recognition: The Role of Empathy and Awareness of Social Media Influence | RICONOSCIMENTO DELL’HATE SPEECH: IL RUOLO DELL’EMPATIA E DELLA CONSAPEVOLEZZA DELL’INFLUENZA DEI SOCIAL MEDIA' (2023), Journal of Educational, Cultural and Psychological Studies, 2023(28), pp. 101–115
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Mendiola, J.C.M., 'A limit to hate speech from the Rawlsonian conception of public reason: a duty of civility for today’s societies | [Un límite al discurso del odio desde la concepción de razón pública rawlsoniana: un deber de civilidad para las sociedades actuales]' (2022), Isegoria, (67), e05
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Meng, M., 'Why Destroy a Synagogue? A Reflection on Hitler’s Metaphysical Antisemitism' (2024), German History, 42(2), pp. 214–230
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Menke, M. & Seeger, C., 'Different Media, Different Audiences, Different Harassment? How the Journalist-Audience Relationship Shapes Experiences of Harassment' (2024), Digital Journalism [online]
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Menshawy, M., 'Why Arabs hate their leaders’ wives? More than a woman, less than a man' (2025), British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies [online]
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Meyer, D., 'Resisting hate crime discourse: Queer and intersectional challenges to neoliberal hate crime laws' (2014), Critical Criminology, 22(1), pp.113-125
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Michalis, M. & D’Arma, A., 'Public Service Media: From Epistemic Rights to Epistemic Justice' (2024), in M. Aslama Horowitz, H. Nieminen, K. Lehtisaari & A. D’Arma (Eds.) Global Transformations in Media and Communication Research, Part F2069 (pp. 97–109), Cham: Palgrave Macmillan
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Michener, W., 'The individual psychology of group hate' (2012), Journal of Hate Studies, 10(1), pp. 15-48
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Mikander, P. & Satokangas, H., 'Addressing Democracy and Its Threats in Education: Exploring a Pluralist Perspective in Light of Finnish Social Studies Textbooks' (2024), Studies in Philosophy and Education [online]
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Miller, D.E., 'Bigoted Insults, Harm, and the Intentional Infliction of Pain: A Reply to Bell' (2025), Utilitas [online]
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Miller-Idriss, C., 'Misogyny incubators: how gaming helps channel everyday sexism into violent extremism' (2025), Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1537477
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Mills, C.E., Schmuhl, M., Capellan, J.A. & Silva, J.R., 'Hate as Backlash: A County-Level Analysis of White Supremacist Mobilization in Response to Racial and Gender Threats' (2025), Social Problems, 72(3), pp. 858–876
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Mills, J.M., Lantz, B. & Wenger, M.R., 'The Social Production of Hate Crime Statistics: The Differential Construction of Islamophobic Hate Crime by the Media and Law Enforcement' (2024), Crime and Delinquency [online]
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Mills, J.M., Lantz, B. & Wenger, M.R., 'Understanding community hate crimes as an incorrigible proposition: Local political attitudes, path dependence, and the ceremonious reporting of hate crime statistics' (2024), Criminology [online]
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Mirsen, S.D., 'Political and Judicial Incorrectness: The Case for Modifying the Arlington Heights Test to Disincentivize Discriminatory Appeal' (2023), Cornell Law Review, 108(3), pp. 675–700
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MisirHiralall, S.D. & Soules, K.E., 'Introduction: Religious Literacy in Progressive Society' (2025), in S.D. MisirHiralall & K.E. Soules (Eds.) Religious Literacies in Educational Contexts: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (pp. 1–16), New York: Routledge
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Mizruchi, M.S. & Gălan, R., 'The Trump Phenomenon and Right-wing Extremism: Is Donald Trump a Populist?' (2023), in M. Feldmann & G. Morgan (Eds.) Business and Populism: The Odd Couple (pp. 39-58), Oxford: Oxford University Press
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Mohammed, D., 'Where the hate lies in soft hate speech: the argumentative potential in hostile public spheres' (2025), Critical Discourse Studies [online]
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Mohammed, D., 'Where the hate lies in “soft” hate speech: The argumentative potential in hostile public spheres | Onde reside o ódio no discurso de ódio suave: O potencial argumentativo em esferas públicas hostis' (2024), Revista Iberoamericana de Argumentacion, 2024(1), pp. 52–67
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Mohr, J.M., 'Hate studies through a constructivist and critical pedagogical approach' (2007), Journal of Hate Studies, 6(1), pp. 65-80
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Mohr, E., Jamie, K. & Hockin-Boyers, H., 'Fatphobia as a form of gender-based violence: Fat women, public space and body belonging work' (2025), Fat Studies [online]
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Mohseni, M.R., 'Motives of Online Hate Speech: Results from a Quota Sample Online Survey' (2023), Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking [online]
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Mollow, A., 'Hunger Always Wins: Contesting the Medicalization of Fat Bodies' (2022), in J.M. Reynolds & C. Wieseler (Eds.) The Disability Bioethics Reader (pp. 254-262), New York: Routledge
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Montero-Díaz, J., Said-Hung, E. & Moreno-Delgado, A., 'Assessment of hate in Spanish media: Typologies, intensities, and digital scenarios | Valoración del odio en medios españoles: tipologías, intensidades y escenarios digitales' (2025), Revista Mediterranea De Comunicacion, 16(2), e28666
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Montoya, T., 'Hate Speech as Antithetical to Free Speech: the Real Polarity' (2023), in W. Barnes (Ed.) Politics, Polarity, and Peace (Value Inquiry Book Series, Vol. 386) (pp. 175–198), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill
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Morales, E., Hodson, J., O’Meara, V., Gruzd, A. & Mai, P., 'Online toxic speech as positioning acts: Hate as discursive mechanisms for othering and belonging' (2025), New Media and Society, 14614448251338493
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Moreno, A.A., 'Suffering Humanity: Contemporary Violence in the Work of Eduardo Nicol | [Humanidad doliente: la violencia contemporánea en la obra de Eduardo Nicol]' (2023), Daimon, (88), pp. 125-135
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Morewitz, S.J., 'Hate crimes' (2008), Death Threats and Violence, pp.102-118
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Morgan, J., 'US hate crime legislation: A legal model to avoid in Australia' (2002), Journal of Sociology, 38(1), pp.25-48
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Mouw, T., Merli, M.G., Xu, Y., Le Barbenchon, C. & Stolte, A., 'The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on network dynamics among Chinese immigrants in the United States' (2024), International Migration [online]
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Mróz, J. & Kaleta, K., 'Internet Addiction as a Moderator of the Relationship between Cyberhate Severity and Decisional Forgiveness' (2022), International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(10), 5844
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Muholi, Z., 'Thinking through lesbian rape' (2004), Agenda, 18(61), pp.116-125
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Mulholland, T., Murphy, K., Hardy, K. & Porter, L., 'Understanding right wing extremism in Australia: testing an integrated unfairness grievance and outgroup threat framework' (2023), Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism [online]
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Müller, A. & Lopez-Sanchez, M., 'Countering Negative Effects of Hate Speech in a Multi-Agent Society' (2021), Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, 339, pp. 103-112
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Müller, K. & Schwarz, C., 'From Hashtag to Hate Crime: Twitter and Antiminority Sentiment' (2023), American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 15(3), pp. 270–312
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Mundenda, D., 'Re-reading John 3:26–27: A comparative analysis of the politics of intolerance in Zimbabwe' (2023), HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 79(4), a9009
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Munk, T. & Kennedy, M. (Eds.), 'Victimisation in the Digital Age: An Online/Offline Continuum Approach' (2024), London: Routledge
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Munn, L., 'Sustainable Hate: How Gab Built a Durable “Platform for the People”' (2022), Canadian Journal of Communication, 47(1), pp. 219-240
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Munn, L., 'Surface and Sublevel Hate' (2023), Big Data and Society, 10(1)
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Munzert, S., Traunmüller, R., Barberá, P., Guess, A. & Yang, J., 'Citizen preferences for online hate speech regulation' (2025), PNAS Nexus, 4(2), pgaf032
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Musa, M., Usama, M. & Uppal, M., 'Extremism on Social Media: Lynching of Priyantha Kumara Diyawadana' (2022), Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, ASONAM 2022, pp. 508-509
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