Publications: Hate crime models
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Recker Rayburn, N., Mendoza, M. & Davidson, G.C., 'Bystanders’ perceptions of perpetrators and victims of hate crime: An investigation using the person perception paradigm' (2003), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18(9), pp.1055-1074
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Register, Y., Grasso, I., Weingarten, L.N., Fury, L., Chinea, C.E., Malloy, T.J. & Spiro, E.S., 'Beyond Initial Removal: Lasting Impacts of Discriminatory Content Moderation to Marginalized Creators on Instagram' (2024), Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 8(CSCW1), 23
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Reichelmann, A.V. & Costello, M., 'When Patriot Becomes Hate-triot: The Relationship Between American Identity and the Production of Cyberhate' (2021), American Journal of Criminal Justice [online]
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Reiff, M.R., 'The liberal conception of free speech and its limits' (2024), Jurisprudence [online]
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Relia, K., Li, Z., Cook, S.H., Chunara, R., 'Race, Ethnicity and National Origin-Based Discrimination in Social Media and Hate Crimes Across 100 U.S. Cities' (2019), Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Web and Social Media, ICWSM 2019, pp. 417-427
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Ren, J. & Feagin, J., 'Face Mask Symbolism in Anti-Asian Hate Crimes' (2020), Ethnic and Racial Studies [online]
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Reyes, A. & Saldívar, R., 'Linguistic-based Approach for Recognizing Implicit Language in Hate Speech: Exploratory Insights' (2022), Computacion y Sistemas, 26(1), pp. 101-111
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Riaz, S., 'Does inequality foster xenophobia? Evidence from the German refugee crisis' (2023), Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies [online]
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Riaz, S., Bischof, D. & Wagner, M., 'Out-Group Threat and Xenophobic Hate Crimes: Evidence of Local Intergroup Conflict Dynamics between Immigrants and Natives' (2024), Journal of Politics, 86(4), pp. 1146–1161
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Ricca, M., 'The ‘Spaghettification’ of Performativity Across Cultural Boundaries: The Trans-culturality/Trans-Spatiality of Digital Communication As an Event Horizon for Speech Acts' (2022), International Journal for the Semiotics of Law [online]
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Richards, I., Smith, C. & Barton, G., 'Holding to account or amplifying extremist hate? A mixed methods analysis of newspaper reporting on far-right crime in Australia' (2024), Critical Studies on Terrorism [online]
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Richardson, J.E., Giraud, E.H., Poole, E. & de Quincey, E., '‘Hypocrite!’ Affective and argumentative engagement on Twitter, following the Christchurch terrorist attack' (2024), Media, Culture and Society [online]
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Rinaldi, C., 'Homophobic Conduct as Normative Masculinity Test: Victimization, Male Hierarchies, and Heterosexualizing Violence in Hate Crimes' (2022), in Management Association, Information Resources (Eds.) Research Anthology on Inclusivity and Equity for the LGBTQ+ Community (pp. 89-112), Hershey, PA: IGI Global
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Rinner, S., 'Slurs and Freedom of Speech' (2022), Journal of Applied Philosophy [online]
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Risso Ferrand, M., 'Freedom Speech and Combat to Hate Speech | [La Libertad de Expresión y el Combate al Discurso del Odio]' (2020), Estudios Constitucionales, 18(1), pp. 51-89
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Rivera, B.A.C., 'LGBTIQ-phobia, a Look at Crimes against Humanity from Sexual Diversity | LGBTIQ-fobia, una mirada a los delitos de lesa humanidad desde la diversidad sexual' (2024), Foro: Revista de Derecho, 2024(42), pp. 173–189
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Röbel, M., 'Hate Speech und die Grenzen der Kommunikation: Tillichs Fanatismus-Analysen im digitalen Zeitalter' (2022), in C. Danz, M. Dumas, W. Schüßler & B. Wagoner (Eds.) Liminal Spaces and Ethical Challenges: Yearbook 2021/2022 (pp. 93–115), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter
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Roberts, A. & Tamla Rai, V., 'Are Black Offenders Disproportionately Victimizing Asian Americans During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Comparison to Expected Racial Distributions and the Pre-Pandemic Period' (2024), Victims and Offenders [online]
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Robinson, A.N., 'Color-evasive free speech ideology: A conceptual analysis of free speech as racial oppression in U.S. higher education' (2021), Critical Studies in Education [online]
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Robinson, S. & Hiltz, E., 'Platformed misogyny in Depp v Heard: #justiceforjohnny and networked defamation' (2024), Feminist Media Studies [online]
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Robles, J.-M., Guevara, J.-A., Casas-Mas, B. & Gömez, D., 'When negativity is the fuel. Bots and Political Polarization in the COVID-19 debate | [Cuando la negatividad es el combustible. Bots y polarización política en el debate sobre el COVID-19]' (2022), Comunicar, 30(71), pp. 1-12
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Rodrigo Jusué, I., 'Counter-terrorism training “at your kitchen table”: the promotion of “CT citizens” and the securitisation of everyday life in the UK' (2021), Critical Studies on Terrorism [online]
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Rodríguez Madera, S.L., 'From Necropraxis to Necroresistance: Transgender Experiences in Latin America' (2020), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Rodriguez-Sanchez, F., Carrillo-de-Albornoz, J. & Plaza, L., 'Automatic classification of sexism in social networks: an empirical study on Twitter data' (2020), IEEE Access [online]
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Roig, F.J.A., 'An Analytic and Liberal Defense of Freedom of Expression | [Una defensa analítica y liberal de la libertad de expresión]' (2022), Diritto and Questioni Pubbliche, 22(1), pp. 245-252
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Romero‐Rodríguez, L.M., Castillo‐Abdul, B. & Cuesta‐Valiño, P., 'The Process of the Transfer of Hate Speech to Demonization and Social Polarization' (2023), Politics and Governance, 11(2), pp. 109-113
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Roose, J.M. & Turner, B.S., 'Islamophobia, Science and the Advocacy Concept' (2019), Society [online]
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Rowbottom, J., 'A thumb on the scale: measures short of a prohibition to combat hate speech' (2022), Journal of Media Law [online]
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Ruse, M., 'Why We Hate: Understanding the Roots of Human Conflict' (2023), New York: Oxford University Press
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Ryan Kelly, C., 'Caught on Tape: White Masculinity and Obscene Enjoyment' (2023), New York: Oxford University Press
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Saha, P., Garimella, K., Kalyan, N.K., Pandey, S.K., Meher, P.M., Mathew, B. & Mukherjee, A., 'On the rise of fear speech in online social media' (2023), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 120(11), e2212270120
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Said-Hung, E., Montero-Díaz, J. & Sánchez-Esparza, M., 'The Promotion of Hate Speech: From a Media and Journalism Perspective' (2023), Journalism Practice [online]
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Saiya, N., Manchanda, S. & Wadidi, R., 'Faith-Based Discrimination and Violent Religious Hostilities: A Global Analysis' (2023), Journal of Conflict Resolution [online]
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Salman, R.S. & Al-Shugairi, S.H., 'Incitement to violence on social media in Iraq, Facebook publications as a model for the period (from 1/4 to 1/6/2022)' (2022), Res Militaris, 12(2), pp. 5584-5594
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Salter, M. & McGuire, K., 'The Lived Experience of Hate Crime: Towards a Phenomenological Approach' (2020), Cham: Springer
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Sánchez-Junquera, J., Chulvi, B., Rosso, P. & Ponzetto, S.P., 'How do you speak about immigrants? Taxonomy and StereoImmigrants dataset for identifying stereotypes about immigrants' (2021), Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 11(8), 3610
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Sanders, T., Scoular, J. & Campbell, R., 'Sex Work, Hate Crime and the Criminal law' (2022), Journal of Criminal Law, 86(2), pp. 109-125
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Saud, J. & Mozin, N., 'Hate speech law and its analysis on technological information manipulation' (2022), AIP Conference Proceedings, 2573, 040003-1
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Scaramuzzino, G., 'Shrinking or expanding access to civic space? The consequences of hate speech, threats and harassment within Swedish civil society' (2023), Journal of Civil Society [online]
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Schäfer, S., Rebasso, I., Boyer, M.M. & Planitzer, A.M., 'Can We Counteract Hate? Effects of Online Hate Speech and Counter Speech on the Perception of Social Groups' (2023), Communication Research [online]
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Schäfer, S., Sülflow, M. & Reiners, L., 'Hate Speech as an Indicator for the State of the Society: Effects of Hateful User Comments on Perceived Social Dynamic' (2021), Journal of Media Psychology [online]
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Scharwächter, E. & Müller, E., 'Does Terrorism Trigger Online Hate Speech? On the Association of Events and Time Series' (2020), Annals of Applied Statistics, 14(3), pp. 1285-1303
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Scheitle, C., Mabute-Louie, B., Ferguson, J., Hawkins, E. & Ecklund, E.H., 'Fear of Religious Hate Crime Victimization and the Residual Effects of Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia' (2023), Social Forces, 101(4), pp. 2059-2086
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Schenk, R., 'Hate, rage, and cultural war: The truth of America’s big lie' (2023), in I.S. Burnett (Ed.) Re-Visioning the American Psyche: Jungian, Archetypal, and Mythological Reflections (pp. 99–116), London: Routledge
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Schilling, C.L., 'The therapized antisemite: The myth of psychology and the evasion of responsibility' (2024), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter
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Schmid, P.C. & Amodio, D.M., 'Power effects on implicit prejudice and stereotyping: The role of intergroup face processing' (2016), Social Neuroscience, pp.1-14
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Schmid, U.K., Kümpel, A.S. & Rieger, D., 'How social media users perceive different forms of online hate speech: A qualitative multi-method study' (2022), New Media and Society [online]
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Schmitz, M., Muric, G. & Burghardt, K., 'Quantifying How Hateful Communities Radicalize Online Users' (2022), Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, ASONAM 2022, pp. 139-146
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Schmitz, M., Muric, G., Hickey, D. & Burghardt, K., 'Do users adopt extremist beliefs from exposure to hate subreddits?' (2024), Social Network Analysis and Mining, 14(1), 22
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Schweppe, J. & Perry, B., 'A continuum of hate: Delimiting the field of hate studies' (2021), Crime, Law and Social Change [online]
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