Publications: Hate crime statistics
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Hohl, A., Choi, M., Yellow Horse, A.J., Medina, R.M., Wan, N. & Wen, M., 'Spatial Distribution of Hateful Tweets Against Asians and Asian Americans During the COVID-19 Pandemic, November 2019 to May 2020' (2022), American Journal of Public Health, 112(4), pp. 646-649
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Holder, E., 'The Convergence of Hate: An Analysis of UCR–NCVS Hate Crime Trends, 2003 to 2020' (2022), Crime and Delinquency [online]
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Holder, E., 'Revisiting the Harm of Hate: A Quasi-Experimental Approach Using the National Crime Victimization Survey' (2024), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Home Office, 'Hate Crime, England and Wales, 2017/18' (2018)
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Home Office, Office for National Statistics and Ministry of Justice, 'An overview of hate crime in England and Wales' (2013)
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Iganski, P., 'Racist violence in Europe' (2011), Brussels: European Network Against Racism
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Iganski, P. & Lagou, S., 'How hate crimes hurt more: Evidence from the British Crime Survey' (2009), in Iganski, P. & Perry, B. (2009) The consequences of hate crime. Westport CT: Praeger.
Iganski, P. & Levin, J., 'Hate crime: A global perspective' (2015), New York: Routledge.
Iganski, P., Nocon, A. & Lagou, S., 'Disabled people’s experiences and concerns about crime: Analysis of the British Crime Survey 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10' (2011), Manchester: Equality and Human Rights Commission
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Iparraguirre, J., 'Hate crime against older people in England and Wales – An econometric enquiry' (2014), Journal of Adult Protection, 16(3), pp.152-165
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Iqbal, H., 'Multicultural parenting: Preparation for bias socialisation in British South Asian and White families in the UK' (2014), International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 43, pp.215-226
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Iwama, J.A., 'Understanding hate crimes against immigrants: Considerations for future research' (2018), Sociology Compass [online], pp.1-10
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Jachimowski, K.G., Pinskey, C. & Donate, G., 'LGBTQ+ Hate Crimes: Understanding Victim Reasons for Non-Reporting' (2024), Crime and Delinquency [online]
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Jackle, S. & Wenzelburger, G., 'Religion, religiosity, and the attitudes toward homosexuality – A multilevel analysis of 79 countries' (2015), Journal of Homosexuality, 62(2), pp.207-241
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Janhevich, D. E., 'Hate crime in Canada: An overview of issues and data sources' (2001), (85-551-XIE), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Statistics Canada
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Jendryke, M. & McClure, S.C., 'Mapping Crime – Hate Crimes and Hate Groups in the USA: A Spatial Analysis With Gridded Data' (2019), Applied Geography, 111, 102072
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Justice Analytical Services, The Scottish Government, 'Religiously aggravated offending in Scotland 2017-18' (2018)
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Kalunta-Crumpton, A., 'What exactly is a hate crime in the United States (US)? A review of hate crime in five US cities' (2024), Safer Communities [online]
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Kaplan, J., 'Islamophobia in America?: September 11 and Islamophobic hate crime' (2006), Terrorism and Political Violence, 18(1), pp.1-33
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Katsuba, S., 'The Decade of Violence: A Comprehensive Analysis of Hate Crimes Against LGBTQ in Russia in the Era of the “Gay Propaganda Law”' (2023), https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2023.2167142
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Kernbach-Wighton, G., 'Violence Against Homosexuals' (2022), in B. Madea (Ed.) Handbook of Forensic Medicine (2nd Edition), Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley
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Kim, D.G., 'The Politicization of COVID-19 and Anti-Asian Racism in the United States: An Experimental Approach' (2023), Journal of Experimental Political Science [online]
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Krukowski, R.A., Smith West, D., Philyaw Perez, A., Bursac, Z., Phillips, M.M. & Raczynski, J.M., 'Overweight children, weight-based teasing and academic performance' (2009), International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 4(4), pp.274-280
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Larsson, G. & Stjernholm, S., 'Islamophobia in Sweden: Muslim advocacy and hate-crime statistics' (2016), in D. Pratt & R. Woodlock (Eds.), Fear of Muslims?, Boundaries of religious freedom: Regulating religion in diverse societies 3, pp. 153-166
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Layug, A., Krishnamurthy, S., McKenzie, R. & Feng, B., 'The Impacts of Social Media Use and Online Racial Discrimination on Asian American Mental Health: Cross-sectional Survey in the United States During COVID-19' (2022), JMIR Formative Research, 6(9), e38589
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Leung, M., 'Points of departure: Re-examining the discursive formation of the Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990' (2018), Patterns of Prejudice, 52(1), pp.39-57
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Levin, B. & Reitzel, J.D., 'Report to the nation: Hate crimes rise in U.S. cities and counties in time of division and foreign interference' (2018), Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism; California State University, San Bernardino
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Levin, B., Nolan, J.J. & Perst, K., 'U.S. Hate Crime Trends: What Disaggregation of Three Decades of Data Reveals About a Changing Threat and an Invisible Record' (2022), Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 112(4),3, pp. 749-800
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Levin, J. & McDevitt, J., 'Hate Crimes' (2022), in L.R. Kurtz (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, & Conflict (Third Edition): Volume 2: Violence and Nonviolence (pp. 28-34), Cambridge, MA: Academic Press
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Levin, J. & Reichelmann, A., 'From thrill to defensive motivation: The role of group threat in the changing nature of hate-motivated assaults' (2015), American Behavioral Scientist, 59(12), pp.1546-1561
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Lopez, J.J., Jang, W., Prew, P.A., Lepe, L. & Mataitis, R., 'The Geography of Hate: Spatial Patterns of Bias-Motivated Crimes in Minnesota, 2015–18' (2021), American Journal of Criminal Justice [online
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Lumeng, J.C., Forrest, P., Appugliese, D.P., Kaciroti, N. Corwyn, R.F. & Bradley, R.H., 'Weight status as a predictor of being bullied in third through sixth grades' (2010), Pediatrics, 125(6), pp.e1301-1307
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Lyons, C.J. & Roberts, A., 'The difference “hate” makes in clearing crime: An event history analysis of incident factors' (2014), Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 30(3), pp.268-289
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Ma-Kellams, C., Bishop, B., Zhang, M.F. & Villagrana, B., 'Using “Big Data” versus alternative measures of aggregate data to predict the U.S. 2016 Presidential Election' (2017), Psychological Reports [online]
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MacDonald, S.J., '‘Community fear and harassment’: Learning difficulties and hate crime incidents in the north-east of England' (2015), Disability and Society, 30(3), pp.353-367
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MacDonald, J.M., Hipp. J.R. & Gill, C., 'The effects of immigrant concentration on changes in neighborhood crime rates' (2013), Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 29(2), pp.191-215
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Macdonald, S.J., Donovan, C., & Clayton, J., 'The disability bias: understanding the context of hate in comparison with other minority populations' (2017), Disability & Society, 32(4), pp.483-499
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Mahoney, B., Davies, M. & Scurlock-Evans, L., 'Victimization among female and male sexual minority status groups: Evidence from the British Crime Survey 2007-2010' (2014), Journal of Homosexuality, 61(10), pp.1435-1461
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Maranto, C.L. & Fraedrich Stenoien, A., 'Weight discrimination: A multidisciplinary analysis' (2000), Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 12(1), pp.9-24
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McCormack, L.A., Laska, M.N., Gray, C., Veblen-Mortenson, S., Barr-Anderson, D. & Story, M., 'Weight-related teasing in a racially diverse sample of sixth-grade children' (2011), Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 111(3), pp.431-436
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McDevitt, J. & Iwama, J.A., 'Challenges in measuring and understanding hate crime' (2016), in T.S. Bynum & B.M. Huebner (Eds.), The handbook of measurement issues in criminology and criminal justice, pp.131-159
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Messinger, A.M., Guadalupe-Diaz, X.L. & Kurdyla, V., 'Transgender Polyvictimization in the U.S. Transgender Survey' (2021), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Meyer, D. & Grollman, E.A., 'Sexual orientation and fear at night: Gender differences among sexual minorities and heterosexuals' (2014), Journal of Homosexuality, 61(4), pp.453-470
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Mills, C.E., 'Hatred Simmering in the Melting Pot: An Analysis of Hate Crime in New York City [online]' (2019), Justice Quarterly
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Mitchell, Y., & Nel, J.A., 'The Hate and Bias Crimes Monitoring Form Project: January 2013 to September 2017' (2017), Johannesburg: The Hate Crimes Working Group
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Mouzos, J. & Thompson, S., 'Comparison between gay hate-related homicides of men and other male homicides in New South Wales 1989-1999' (2001), Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 12(3), pp.306
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Nadal, K.L., Whitman, C.N., Davis, L.S., Erazo, T. & Davidoff, K.C., 'Microaggressions toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and genderqueer people: A review of the literature' (2016), Journal of Sex Research, 53(4-5), pp.488-508
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Nguyen, T.T., Huang, D., Michaels, E.K., Glymour, M.M., Allen, A.M. & Nguyen, Q.C., 'Evaluating associations between area-level Twitter-expressed negative racial sentiment, hate crimes, and residents’ racial prejudice in the United States' (2021), SSM - Population Health, 13, 100750
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Nolan III, James J., McDevitt, J., Cronin, S. & Farrell, A., 'Learning to see hate crimes: A framework for understanding and clarifying ambiguities in hate crime classification' (2004), Criminal Justice Studies: A Critical Journal of Crime, Law and Society, 17(1), pp.91-105
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Nolan, J. & Akiyama, Y., 'Assessing the climate for hate crime reporting in law enforcement organizations: A force-field analysis' (2002), The Justice Professional, 15(2), pp.87-103
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