Publications: Hate crime statistics
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Hall, N., 'Hate crime' (2013), New York: Routledge
Han, S. & Son, I., 'Effects of Victim Race on Police Arrests for Hate Crimes' (2024), Justice Quarterly [online]
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Hardaker, C. & McGlashan, M., '“Real men don’t hate women”: Twitter rape threats and group identity' (2015), Journal of Pragmatics, 91, pp.80-93
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Hatzenbuehler, M.L., Bellatorre, A., Lee, Y., Finch, B.K., Muennig, P. & Fiscella, K., 'Structural stigma and all-cause mortality in sexual minority populations ' (2014), Social Science and Medicine, 103, pp.33-41
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Hatzenbuehler, M.L., Duncan, D. & Johnson, R., 'Neighborhood-level LGBT hate crimes and bullying among sexual minority youths: A geospatial analysis' (2015), Violence and Victims, 30(4), pp.663-675
Hatzenbuehler, M.L., Keyes, K.M. & Hasin, D.S., 'Associations between perceived weight discrimination and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the general population' (2009), Obesity, 17(11), pp.2033-2039
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Hawdon, J. & Costello, M. (Eds.), 'Research Handbook on Hate and Hate Crimes in Society' (2024), Cheltenham, UK & Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing
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Hayden-Wade, H.A., Stein, R.I., Ghaderi, A., Saelens, B.E., Zabinski, M.F. & Wilfley, D.E., 'Prevalence, characteristics, and correlates of teasing experiences among overweight children vs. non-overweight peers' (2005), Obesity Research, 13(6), pp.1381-1392
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Herek, G.M., 'Hate crimes and stigma-related experiences among sexual minority adults in the United States: Prevalence estimates from a national probability sample' (2009), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24(1), pp.54-74
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Herek, G. M., Cogan, J. C., & Gillis, J. R., 'Victim experiences in hate crimes based on sexual orientation' (2002), Journal of Social Issues, 58(2), pp.319-339
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Hohl, A., Choi, M., Yellow Horse, A.J., Medina, R.M., Wan, N. & Wen, M., 'Spatial Distribution of Hateful Tweets Against Asians and Asian Americans During the COVID-19 Pandemic, November 2019 to May 2020' (2022), American Journal of Public Health, 112(4), pp. 646-649
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Holder, E., 'The Convergence of Hate: An Analysis of UCR–NCVS Hate Crime Trends, 2003 to 2020' (2022), Crime and Delinquency [online]
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Holder, E., 'Revisiting the Harm of Hate: A Quasi-Experimental Approach Using the National Crime Victimization Survey' (2024), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Holder, E., 'An Assessment of Geographically Mediated Racial Threat and Racially Motivated Hate Crime: A County-Level Analysis' (2025), Crime and Delinquency, 00111287251339645
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Home Office, 'Hate Crime, England and Wales, 2017/18' (2018)
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Home Office, Office for National Statistics and Ministry of Justice, 'An overview of hate crime in England and Wales' (2013)
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Iganski, P., 'Racist violence in Europe' (2011), Brussels: European Network Against Racism
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Iganski, P. & Lagou, S., 'How hate crimes hurt more: Evidence from the British Crime Survey' (2009), in Iganski, P. & Perry, B. (2009) The consequences of hate crime. Westport CT: Praeger.
Iganski, P. & Levin, J., 'Hate crime: A global perspective' (2015), New York: Routledge.
Iganski, P., Nocon, A. & Lagou, S., 'Disabled people’s experiences and concerns about crime: Analysis of the British Crime Survey 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10' (2011), Manchester: Equality and Human Rights Commission
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Iparraguirre, J., 'Hate crime against older people in England and Wales – An econometric enquiry' (2014), Journal of Adult Protection, 16(3), pp.152-165
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Iqbal, H., 'Multicultural parenting: Preparation for bias socialisation in British South Asian and White families in the UK' (2014), International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 43, pp.215-226
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Iwama, J.A., 'Understanding hate crimes against immigrants: Considerations for future research' (2018), Sociology Compass [online], pp.1-10
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Jachimowski, K.G., Pinskey, C. & Donate, G., 'LGBTQ+ Hate Crimes: Understanding Victim Reasons for Non-Reporting' (2024), Crime and Delinquency [online]
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Jackle, S. & Wenzelburger, G., 'Religion, religiosity, and the attitudes toward homosexuality – A multilevel analysis of 79 countries' (2015), Journal of Homosexuality, 62(2), pp.207-241
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Janhevich, D. E., 'Hate crime in Canada: An overview of issues and data sources' (2001), (85-551-XIE), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Statistics Canada
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Jendryke, M. & McClure, S.C., 'Mapping Crime – Hate Crimes and Hate Groups in the USA: A Spatial Analysis With Gridded Data' (2019), Applied Geography, 111, 102072
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Justice Analytical Services, The Scottish Government, 'Religiously aggravated offending in Scotland 2017-18' (2018)
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Kalunta-Crumpton, A., 'What exactly is a hate crime in the United States (US)? A review of hate crime in five US cities' (2024), Safer Communities [online]
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Kaplan, J., 'Islamophobia in America?: September 11 and Islamophobic hate crime' (2006), Terrorism and Political Violence, 18(1), pp.1-33
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Katsuba, S., 'The Decade of Violence: A Comprehensive Analysis of Hate Crimes Against LGBTQ in Russia in the Era of the “Gay Propaganda Law”' (2023), https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2023.2167142
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Kawano, B., Shin, G.J., Grisel, B., Agarwal, S., Krishnamoorthy, V., Raghunathan, K., Fernandez-Moure, J.S. & Haines, K., 'Disparities in educational attainment and assault mortalities among Asian Americans in the USA, 2009-2021' (2024), Injury Prevention [online]
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Kempthorne, J., Yogeeswaran, K., Sibley, C.G. & Bulbulia, J.A., 'The anatomy of prejudice during pandemic lockdowns: Evidence from a national panel study' (2024), PLoS ONE, 19(5 May), e0303845
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Kernbach-Wighton, G., 'Violence Against Homosexuals' (2022), in B. Madea (Ed.) Handbook of Forensic Medicine (2nd Edition), Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley
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Khatod, S.R., 'Empathy education in adolescence may mitigate hate caused by seminal events: a literature review and case presentations by an adolescent' (2024), Discover Psychology, 4(1), 135
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Kim, D.G., 'The Politicization of COVID-19 and Anti-Asian Racism in the United States: An Experimental Approach' (2023), Journal of Experimental Political Science [online]
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Knorre, A., van Tiem, B. & Chalfin, A., 'Measuring Changes in Bias-Motivated Attacks: Evidence from Anti-Asian Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic*' (2025), Justice Quarterly [online]
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Krukowski, R.A., Smith West, D., Philyaw Perez, A., Bursac, Z., Phillips, M.M. & Raczynski, J.M., 'Overweight children, weight-based teasing and academic performance' (2009), International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 4(4), pp.274-280
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Kurpiel, A., 'Do All Victimization Types Cluster? Assessing the Co-Occurrence of Hate Speech With Criminal and Bullying Victimization at School' (2024), Violence and Victims, 39(5), pp. 534–554
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Landa Gorostiza, J.-M., Garro Carrera, E., Anderez Belategi, M. & Gordon Benito, I. (Eds.), 'Hate Crimes in Comparative Legal Perspective' (2024), Cheltenham, UK & Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing
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Landa Gorostiza, J.M., Garro Carrera, E., Anderez Belategi, M. & Gordon Benito, I. (Eds.), 'Hate Crimes in Comparative Legal Perspective' (2024), Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing
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Larsson, G. & Stjernholm, S., 'Islamophobia in Sweden: Muslim advocacy and hate-crime statistics' (2016), in D. Pratt & R. Woodlock (Eds.), Fear of Muslims?, Boundaries of religious freedom: Regulating religion in diverse societies 3, pp. 153-166
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Layug, A., Krishnamurthy, S., McKenzie, R. & Feng, B., 'The Impacts of Social Media Use and Online Racial Discrimination on Asian American Mental Health: Cross-sectional Survey in the United States During COVID-19' (2022), JMIR Formative Research, 6(9), e38589
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Leung, M., 'Points of departure: Re-examining the discursive formation of the Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990' (2018), Patterns of Prejudice, 52(1), pp.39-57
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Levin, B. & Reitzel, J.D., 'Report to the nation: Hate crimes rise in U.S. cities and counties in time of division and foreign interference' (2018), Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism; California State University, San Bernardino
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Levin, B., Nolan, J.J. & Perst, K., 'U.S. Hate Crime Trends: What Disaggregation of Three Decades of Data Reveals About a Changing Threat and an Invisible Record' (2022), Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 112(4),3, pp. 749-800
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Levin, J. & McDevitt, J., 'Hate Crimes' (2022), in L.R. Kurtz (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, & Conflict (Third Edition): Volume 2: Violence and Nonviolence (pp. 28-34), Cambridge, MA: Academic Press
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Levin, J. & Reichelmann, A., 'From thrill to defensive motivation: The role of group threat in the changing nature of hate-motivated assaults' (2015), American Behavioral Scientist, 59(12), pp.1546-1561
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Lopez, J.J., Jang, W., Prew, P.A., Lepe, L. & Mataitis, R., 'The Geography of Hate: Spatial Patterns of Bias-Motivated Crimes in Minnesota, 2015–18' (2021), American Journal of Criminal Justice [online
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Lopez, J.J., Jang, W., Yan, L. & Prew, P., 'The geography of hate crime in California, 2015–18' (2024), SN Social Sciences, 4(8), 143
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