Publications: Hate speech
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Weber, I., Vandebosch, H., Poels, K. & Pabian, S., 'The ecology of online hate speech: Mapping expert perspectives on the drivers for online hate perpetration with the Delphi method' (2024), Aggressive Behavior, 50(2), e22136
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Weber, M., Viehmann, C., Ziegele, M. & Schemer, C., 'Online Hate Does Not Stay Online – How Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Mediate the Effect of Civil Negativity and Hate in User Comments on Prosocial Behavior' (2020), Computers in Human Behavior, 104
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Weerasinghe, M., Macdonald, S., Fiani, C., O’Hagan, J., Chollet, M., McGill, M. & Khamis, M., 'Beyond Mute and Block: Adoption and Effectiveness of Safety Tools in Social VR, from Ubiquitous Harassment to Social Sculpting' (2025), IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 31(5), pp. 3275–3284
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Wei, D., Chau, M. & Li, Z., 'Mitigating Bias in Hate Speech Detection With a Small Number of Expert Annotations: A Prompt-Based Learning Approach' (2025), MIS Quarterly Management Information Systems, 49(4), pp. 1483–1512
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Wei, H., Hswen, Y., Merchant, J.S., Drew, L.B., Nguyen, Q.C., Yue, X., Mane, H. & Nguyen, T.T., 'From Tweets to Streets: Observational Study on the Association Between Twitter Sentiment and Anti-Asian Hate Crimes in New York City from 2019 to 2022' (2024), Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26, e53050
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Wei, M., Consolvo, S., Kelley, P.G., Kohno, T., Roesner, F &, Thomas, K., '“There’s so much responsibility on users right now:” Expert Advice for Staying Safer From Hate and Harassment' (2023), Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – Proceedings, 190
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Weidinger, L., Uesato, J., Rauh, M., Griffin, C., Huang, P.-S., Mellor, J., Glaese, A., Cheng, M., Balle, B., Kasirzadeh, A., Biles, C., Brown, S., Kenton, Z., Hawkins, W., Stepleton, T., Birhane, A., Hendricks, L.A., Rimell, L., Isaac, W., Haas, J., Legassick, S., Irving, G. & Gabriel, I., 'Taxonomy of Risks posed by Language Models' (2022), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 214-229
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Weigel, M., 'Hating Theory: “Cultural Marxism,” “CRT,” and the Power of Media Affects' (2023), International Journal of Communication, 17, pp. 6504–6524
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Weigel, M. & Gitomer, A., 'Hate-sharing: A case study of its prevalence and impact on Gab' (2024), New Media and Society [online]
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Weimann, G. & Masri, N., 'Research Note: Spreading Hate on TikTok' (2020), Studies in Conflict and Terrorism [online]
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Weimann, G. & Pack, A., 'TamTam: The Online Drums of Hate' (2023), Studies in Conflict and Terrorism [online]
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Weinstein, J., 'First Amendment challenges to hate crime legislation: Where’s the speech?' (1992), Criminal Justice Ethics, 11(2), pp.6-20
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Weinstein, J., 'Some further thoughts on “thought crimes”' (1992), Criminal Justice Ethics, 11(2), pp.61-63
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Weinstein, M. & Schafer, A.M., '“You’re a Boy; You’re a Girl”: Witnessing Anti-queer Violence in and Imagining Queer Futures for Post-COVID Science Education' (2024), Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education, 62, pp. 137–159
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Weitzel, L., Daroz, T.H., Cunha, L.P., Helde, R.V. & Morais, L.M.D., 'Investigating Deep Learning Approaches for Hate Speech Detection in Social Media: Portuguese-BR tweets' (2023), Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies, CISTI, 2023
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Weitzman, M., Williams, R.J. & Wald, J. (Eds.), 'The Routledge History of Antisemitism' (2023), London: Routledge
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Wells, G., Romhányi, Á. & Steinkuehler, C., 'Hate speech and hate-based harassment in online games' (2024), Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1422422
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Wells, G., Romhanyi, A., Reitman, J.G., Gardner, R., Squire, K. & Steinkuehler, C., 'Right-Wing Extremism in Mainstream Games: A Review of the Literature' (2023), Games and Culture [online]
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Welshon, R., 'Hate Speech on Campus: What Public Universities Can and Should Do to Counter Weaponized Intolerance' (2019), Res Publica
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Wen, X., Wang, Y., Wang, K. & Sui, R., 'A Russian Hate Speech Corpus for Cybersecurity Applications' (2022), Proceedings - 2022 IEEE 8th International Conference on Big Data Security on Cloud, IEEE International Conference on High Performance and Smart Computing, and IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data and Security, BigDataSecurity/HPSC/IDS 2022, pp. 41-47
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Wenando, F.A., Yusoff, N. & Izrin, N., 'Optimizing Hate Speech Detection in the Indonesian Language using FastText and LSTM Algorithms' (2024), 2nd International Symposium on Information Technology and Digital Innovation: Creative Trends in Sustainable Information Technology Design and Innovation, ISITDI 2024, pp. 299–305
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Wenando, F.A., Yusoff, N., Izrin, N., Ahmad, S.R.N., Salim, M., Puspa, M.A. & Novaliendry, D., 'Optimizing Hate Speech Detection in Indonesian Social Media: An ADASYN and LSTM-Based Approach' (2025), Journal Europeen des Systemes Automatises, 58(1), pp. 13–20
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Wendel, W.B., 'Moderate defense of hate speech regulations on university campuses' (2004), Harvard Journal on Legislation, 41(2), pp.407-420
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Wendratama, E., Aprilia, M.P., Sari, Y.A., Kurnia, N. & Utomo, W.P., 'Domesticating WhatsApp Groups: Indonesian Women’s Experience with Misinformation and Hate Speech in the 2019 Election' (2023), Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 39(4), pp. 372–390
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Weng, Z. & Lin, A., 'Public Opinion Manipulation on Social Media: Social Network Analysis of Twitter Bots during the COVID-19 Pandemic' (2022), International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(24), 16376
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West, R. & Johnson, B., '“I hope you aren’t becoming woke”: New politicised contours of online ableism in response to disability advocacy by 2022 Australian of the Year Dylan Alcott' (2023), Australian Journal of Social Issues [online]
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Wheeler, B., Jung, S., Barioni, M.C.N., Purohit, M., Hall, D.L. & Silva, Y.N., '#WashTheHate: Understanding the Prevalence of Anti-Asian Prejudice on Twitter During the COVID-19 Pandemic' (2022), Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, ASONAM 2022, pp. 484-491
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Wheeler, B., Jung, S., Hall, D.L., Purohit, M. & Silva, Y., 'An Analysis of Temporal Trends in Anti-Asian Hate and Counter-Hate on Twitter During the COVID-19 Pandemic' (2023), Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 26(7), pp. 535–545
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Whetstone, C. & Luna, K.C., 'An Intersectional Feminist Critique of Cyberlibertarian’s Grip on the Construction of Online Freedom' (2025), Global Studies Quarterly, 5(3), ksaf066
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Whine, M., 'Distortion and trivialization of the Shoah' (2024), The Anti-Semitism Observatory (CDEC), 13 November
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Whitten, S., '‘Recognition, Authority Relations, and Rejecting Hate Speech’' (2019), Ethical Theory and Moral Practice [online]
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Whitten, S., 'A Republican Conception of Counterspeech' (2023), Ethical Theory and Moral Practice [online]
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Whitten, S. & Papcunová, J., 'Oppressive expression and the Czech and Slovak communities of Northern Ireland' (2024), Irish Journal of Sociology [online]
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Whittington, K.E., 'Should We Trust the Censor?' (2024), Daedalus, 153(3), pp. 244–259
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Wicaksana, A., Sorensen, K. & Dinarta, F., 'Enhancing Hate Speech Detection in Mixed-Language Texts: A Comparative Study of BLOOM and XLM-RoBERTa Models' (2025), 2025 17th International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering, ICCAE 2025, pp. 419–425
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Wich, M., Mosca, E., Gorniak, A., Hingerl, J. & Groh, G., 'Explainable Abusive Language Classification Leveraging User and Network Data' (2021), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 12979 LNAI, pp. 481-496
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Wich, M., Widmer, C., Hagerer, G. & Groh, G., 'Investigating Annotator Bias in Abusive Language Datasets' (2021), International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, RANLP, pp. 1515-1525
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Wichgers, L., Jacobs, L. & van Spanje, J., 'Trial and Error: Hate Speech Prosecution and Its (Unintended) Effects on Democratic Support' (2020), Acta Politica [online]
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Wickramaarachchi, W.A.K.M., Subasinghe, S.S., Wijerathna, K.K.R.T., Athukorala, A.S.U., Abeywardhana, L. & Karunasena, A., 'Identifying False Content and Hate Speech in Sinhala YouTube Videos by Analyzing the Audio' (2023), ICAC 2023 - 5th International Conference on Advancements in Computing: Technological Innovation for a Sustainable Economy, Proceedings, pp. 364–369
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Wieczorkowski, J. & Suwińska, A., 'Automatic Hate Speech Detection Methods as a Tool Supporting a Sustainable Society and Economy' (2024), in E. Ziemba & J. Wątróbski (Eds.) Adoption of Emerging Information and Communication Technology for Sustainability (pp. 242–264), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
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Wiedemann, G., Schmidt, J.-H., Rau, J., Münch, F.V. & Kessling, P., 'Telegram and the Political Public Sphere Introduction to a Special Issue | Telegram in der politischen Öffentlichkeit Zur Einführung in das Themenheft' (2023), Medien und Kommunikationswissenschaft, 71(3-4), pp. 207–211
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Wiederhold, B.K., 'Putting the Toothpaste Back in the Tube: Against Online Hate Speech' (2023), Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 26(7), pp. 458–459
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Wiedlitzka, S., Prati, G., Brown, R., Smith, J. & Walters, M.A., 'Hate in Word and Deed: The Temporal Association Between Online and Offline Islamophobia' (2021), Journal of Quantitative Criminology [online]
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Wijanarko, M.I., Susanto, L., Pratama, P.A., Idris, I., Hong, T. & Wijaya, D., 'Monitoring Hate Speech in Indonesia: An NLP-based Classification of Social Media Texts' (2024), EMNLP 2024 - 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Proceedings of System Demonstrations, pp. 142–152
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Wijkstra, M., 'Fighting Toxicity Through Positive and Preventative Intervention' (2024), CHI-PLAY Companion 2024 - Companion Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play, pp. 450–453
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Wikandiputra, A., Afiahayati & Sutanto, V.M., 'Identifying Hate Speech in Bahasa Indonesia Along with Lexicon-Based Features and Synonym-Based Query Expansion' (2022), ICIC Express Letters, 16(8), pp. 811-818
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Wilhelm, C. & Schulz-Tomančok, A., 'Predicting user engagement with anti-gender, homophobic and sexist social media posts–a choice-based conjoint study in Hungary and Germany' (2023), Information Communication and Society [online]
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Wilhelm, C., Joeckel, S. & Ziegler, I., 'Reporting Hate Comments: Investigating the Effects of Deviance Characteristics, Neutralization Strategies, and Users’ Moral Orientation’' (2019), Communication Research [online]
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William, F.V., Esene, J.R.P., Nabiilah, G.Z. & Moniaga, J.V., 'Detecting Hate Speech on Indonesian Twitter Using Logistic Regression' (2024), 2024 6th International Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent System, ICORIS 2024
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William, P., Gade, R., Chaudhari, R.E., Pawar, A.B. & Jawale, M.A., 'Machine Learning based Automatic Hate Speech Recognition System' (2022), International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Data Communication Systems, ICSCDS 2022 – Proceedings, pp. 315-318
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