Publications: Politics of hate crime
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Ramírez, M.G. & de Travesedo Rojas, R.G., 'Discursive strategy on UFM on YouTube. Construction of a hate speech | [Estrategia discursiva sobre los MENA en YouTube. Construcción de un discurso de odio]' (2022), Revista Latina de Comunicacion Social, 2022(80), pp. 259-285
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Ramón Solans, F.J. (Ed.), 'Nationalism, Religious Violence, and Hate Speech in Nineteenth-Century Western Europe: Memories of Intolerance' (2024), London: Routledge
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Ramos, T.G. & Campos, A.A., 'From Grey Houses to Rainbow Homes. A Review of Specific Supportive Housing for LGTBIQ+ People Experiencing Homelessness in Europe | De casas cinzentas a casas arco-íris. Uma análise das habitações de apoio específicas para pessoas LGTBIQ+ sem-abrigo na Europa' (2025), Ex Aequo, (51), pp. 61–80
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Ramswell, P.Q., 'Division, derision and decisions: The domino effect of Brexit and populism’s intersection of rights and wrongs' (2018), New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers Inc
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Ramswell, P.Q., 'The Rise of Domestic Terrorism and Decline of American Democracy: How Brexit and the Trump Presidency Influenced Populist Empowerment and the Intersection of Rights. Division, Derision, Decisions' (2021), Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers
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Rappuoli, L.A., 'A Simple Theory of Overt and Covert Dogwhistles' (2023), Manuscrito, 46(3), e-2022-0048-R2
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Rashid, K., 'Politicisation of Islam and a Culture of Atrocities against Religious Minorities in Modern-Day Pakistan' (2023), Global Responsibility to Protect [online]
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Rashid, M., 'Queering Bangladeshi Blogging Networks: Legal Rights, Religious Fundamentalism, and the Politics of Blog Publics in Bangladeshi LGBTQ+ Activism' (2023), QED, 10(2), pp. 93–117
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Rasoulikolamaki, S., Zhdanava, A., Mat Isa, N.A.N., Ahmad, M.N.N. & Kaur, S., 'A meta-discursive analysis of engagement markers in QAnon anti-immigration comments' (2023), Journal of Language and Politics, 22(6), pp. 894–917
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Rathje, J., 'Driven by Conspiracies: The Justification of Violence among “Reichsbürger” and Other Conspiracy-Ideological Sovereignists in Contemporary Germany' (2022), Perspectives on Terrorism, 16(6), pp. 49-61
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Rauniyar, K., Poudel, S., Shiwakoti, S., Thapa, S., Rashid, J., Kim, J., Imran, M. & Naseem, U., 'Multi-Aspect Annotation and Analysis of Nepali Tweets on Anti-Establishment Election Discourse' (2023), IEEE Access, 11
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Ravi, K. & Yuan, J.-S., 'ThreatGram101: Extreme Telegram Replies Data with Threat Levels' (2025), Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2496 CCIS, pp. 275–291
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Ravndal, J.A., Tandberg, C., Sessolo, S., Jupskås, A.R. & Bjørgo, T., 'RTV Trend Report 2023: Right-Wing Terrorism and Violence in Western Europe, 1990 – 2022' (2023), Center for Research on Extremism: The Extreme Right, Hate Crime and Political Violence, University of Oslo
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Rees, J.H., Rees, Y.P.M., Hellmann, J.H. & Zick, A., 'Climate of Hate: Similar Correlates of Far Right Electoral Support and Right-Wing Hate Crimes in Germany' (2019), Frontiers in Psychology, 10(October)
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Rees, Y.P.M., 'Free Press Under Pressure? Experiences and Consequences of Hateful Harassment on Journalists in Germany' (2023), Media and Communication, 11(4), pp. 367–379
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Rees, Y.P.M., Kurtenbach, S., Rees, J.H. & Zick, A., 'Intergroup contact and conflict in a climate of exclusion: An interview study in the ethnically super-homogenous German town of Bautzen' (2022), Journal of Applied Social Psychology [online]
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Reichelmann, A., Hawdon, J., Costello, M., Ryan, J., Blaya, C., Llorent, V., Oksanen, A., Räsänen, P. & Zych, I., 'Hate Knows No Boundaries: Online Hate in Six Nations' (2020), Deviant Behavour [online]
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Reiff, M.R., 'The liberal conception of free speech and its limits' (2024), Jurisprudence [online]
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Rękawek, K., 'Foreign Fighters in Ukraine: The Brown–Red Cocktail' (2023), London: Routledge
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Rekker, R. & Van Spanje, J., 'Hate Speech Prosecution of Politicians and its Effect on Support for the Legal System and Democracy' (2020), British Journal of Political Science [online]
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Renton, D., 'No Free Speech for Fascists: Exploring ‘No Platform’ in History, Law and Politics' (2021), London: Routledge
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Repp, A.M. & Garcia, W.P., 'The Naturalization of the Absurd: Bolsonarist Policy and the Legitimation of Hate Speech | A NATURALIZAÇÃO DO ABSURDO: POLÍTICA BOLSONARISTA E A LEGITIMAÇÃO DO DISCURSO DE ÓDIO' (2024), Psicologia e Sociedade, 36, e285719
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Retta, M., 'A pragmatic and discourse analysis of hate words on social media' (2023), Internet Pragmatics, 6(2), pp. 197–218
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Reza El Akbar, R., Shofa, R.N., Paripurna, M.I. & Supratman, 'The Implementation of Naïve Bayes Algorithm for Classifying Tweets Containing Hate Speech with Political Motive' (2019), ICSECC 2019 - International Conference on Sustainable Engineering and Creative Computing: New Idea, New Innovation Proceedings, 8907208, pp. 144-148
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Rhodes, E., '‘Inclusion, solidarity and kindness… not division and hate’' (2024), Psychologist, 37(10), pp. 2–8
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Rich, G.J., Kuriansky, J., Gielen, U.P. & Kaplin, D. (Eds.), 'Psychosocial Experiences and Adjustment of Migrants: Coming to the USA' (2023), Cambridge, MA: Academic Press
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Richards, I., Smith, C. & Barton, G., 'Holding to account or amplifying extremist hate? A mixed methods analysis of newspaper reporting on far-right crime in Australia' (2024), Critical Studies on Terrorism [online]
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Richardson, J.E., Giraud, E.H., Poole, E. & de Quincey, E., '‘Hypocrite!’ Affective and argumentative engagement on Twitter, following the Christchurch terrorist attack' (2024), Media, Culture and Society [online]
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Ridwanullah, A.O., Sule, S.Y., Usman, B. & Abdulsalam, L.U., 'Politicization of Hate and Weaponization of Twitter/X in a Polarized Digital Space in Nigeria' (2024), Journal of Asian and African Studies [online]
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Rieder, B., August, B. & Latil, B., 'The Tate-space on YouTube: Ambient ideology and the limits of platform moderation' (2026), New Media and Society [online]
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Rimmer, M., 'The black label: Trade mark dilution, culture jamming and the no logo movement' (2008), SCRIPT-ed, 5(1), pp.70-136
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Rios, R.R., 'LGBTQIA+ rights and neoconservative reaction: anti-discriminatory legal analysis of legislative “gay cure” initiatives | Direitos LGBTQIA+ e reação neoconservadora: análise jurídica antidiscriminatória das propostas legislativas de “cura gay”' (2025), Revista De Investigacoes Constitucionais, 12(1), e506
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Rios-Campos, P., Rodríguez-Ávila, N. & Rodríguez-Martinez, P., 'Socials Theories of Hate: Geopolitical Analysis and Pedagogical Approaches | Teorías Sociales del Odio: Análisis Geopolítico y Enfoques Pedagógicos para Contrarrestarlo' (2025), HSE Social and Education History, 14(1), pp. 70–90
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Riquelme, F., Rivera, D. & Serrano, B., 'Analyzing the far-right political action on Twitter: The Chilean constituent process' (2022), Social Network Analysis and Mining, 12(1), 161
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Ritter, L. (Ed.), 'American Conspiracism: An Interdisciplinary Exploration' (2024), New York: Routledge
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Roberts, J.M., 'Judith Butler, the Bakhtin Circle and Free Speech: State Hegemony, Race and Grievability in R.A.V. v. St Paul' (2022), Law and Critique [online]
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Robertson, E., 'Free Speech and Challenges to Open-Mindedness in Higher Education' (2025), in W.D. Riggs (Ed.) Virtue of Open Mindedness and Perspective (pp. 101–121), New York: Oxford Academic
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Robie, D., 'FRONTLINE New Zealand’s 23-day Parliament siege QAnon and how social media disinformation manufactured an ‘alternate reality’' (2022), Pacific Journalism Review, 28(1-2), pp. 105-113
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Robles, J.-M., Guevara, J.-A., Casas-Mas, B. & Gömez, D., 'When negativity is the fuel. Bots and Political Polarization in the COVID-19 debate | [Cuando la negatividad es el combustible. Bots y polarización política en el debate sobre el COVID-19]' (2022), Comunicar, 30(71), pp. 1-12
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Roca-Trenchs, N. & Fernández-Pedemonte, D., 'TikTok: politics for young people. What are Trump and Milei talking about? Polarization, hate and misinformation in election campaigns | TikTok: política para jóvenes. ¿De qué hablan Trump y Milei? Polarización, odio y desinformación en las campañas electorales' (2025), Estudios Sobre El Mensaje Periodistico, 31(3), pp. 739–751
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Rodriguez Martinez, P., Martinez Joya, L. & Villegas Lirola, F., 'Hate-Speech Countering by Immigrant and Pro-Immigrant Associations in Almeria (Spain)' (2024), Social Sciences, 13(1), 33
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Rodríguez, J.J., de Castro, P.C. & Diez, I.E.S., 'Policies of miscommunication during COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: Manipulation strategies to blame the 8M demonstrations | [Políticas de incomunicación ante la COVID-19 en España: Estrategias de manipulación para la culpabilización de las manifestaciones del 8M]' (2021), Historia y Comunicacion Social, 26, pp. 31-40
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Romer-Pieretti, M., Said-Hung, E. & Montero-Diaz, J., 'Semiotic Analysis of Hate Discourse in Spanish Digital News Media: Biden’s Inauguration Case Study' (2025), Social Inclusion, 13, 9295
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Romero‐Rodríguez, L.M., Castillo‐Abdul, B. & Cuesta‐Valiño, P., 'The Process of the Transfer of Hate Speech to Demonization and Social Polarization' (2023), Politics and Governance, 11(2), pp. 109-113
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Romža, S., Ferenčíková, S. & Klimek, L., 'Dual Sanctioning of Hate Crimes and Hate Speech as Part of Extremism in the Slovak Republic' (2024), Access to Justice in Eastern Europe, 7(2), pp. 93–111
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Rosati, F., Compare, C., Lorusso, M.M., Baiocco, R., Albanesi, C., Pistella, J. & Pellegrini, V., 'Italian Political Agendas on LGBTQIA+ Issues: Perceived Stigma and Civic Engagement Among Sexual and Gender Marginalized Communities' (2025), Sexuality Research and Social Policy [online]
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Rose, S., 'From Antisemitism to anti-Muslim racism: The evolving face of the far-right in Poland' (2017), London: Faith Matters
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Rothbart, D. & Stebbins, D.M., 'The Proud Boys Raging Righteously at the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021: A Hate Group in Action' (2022), Peace and Conflict [online]
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Rouse, M., 'Combating hate without hate crimes: The hanging effigies of the 2008 presidential campaign' (2012), International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique, 25(2), pp.225-247
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Rousseau, C. & Hassan, G., '‘Current Challenges in Addressing Youth Mental Health in the Context of Violent Radicalization’' (2019), Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry [online]
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