Publications: Politics of hate crime
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Rovira Kaltwasser, C., Salas-Lewin, R. & Zanotti, L., 'Supporting and rejecting the populist radical right: Evidence from contemporary Chile' (2024), Nations and Nationalism [online]
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Roxburgh, A., 'Preachers of hate: The rise of the far right' (2002), London: Gibson Square Books
Roy, K., 'American Dark Age: Racial Feudalism and the Rise of Black Liberalism' (2024), Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
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Rucco, D., Toffoli, G., Anzani, A. & Prunas, A., 'A Networked Model of Ecological Systems Theory to Discuss Concerns in Italian Bisexual+ and Transgender People After the Block of the “Zan Bill” by Senate' (2023), Sexuality Research and Social Policy [online]
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Ruffini, J.A. & Ruffini, P.A., 'U.S. Domestic and Transnational Terrorism: A Guide to Threats Without Borders' (2025), Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press
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Rukuni, T., 'Creating Dialogue Platforms: Transforming Post-Conflict Relationships Among the Youth Through Peace Gardening' (2022), in E. Spiegel, G. Mutalemwa, C. Liu & L.R. Kurtz (eds) Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development (pp. 433-449), Cham: Springer
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Rumenjak, N., 'Freedom of Expression in Multicultural Societies: Political Cartooning in Europe in the Modern and Postmodern Eras' (2019), Empedocles, 10(2), pp. 167-189
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Rumyantsev, O. & Tuluzakova, O., 'Hate speech in the Russian mass-media at the present stage | Hate speech в российских средствах массовой информации на современном этапе' (2025), Studia Rossica Posnaniensia, 50(2), pp. 73–91
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Russo, V., Andrighetto, G., Maretti, M., Polizzi, E. & Cecconi, F., 'Homophily and Insularity Dynamics in an Echo Chambers: Computational Models for the Study of the Conspiracy Subculture in Facebook' (2024), Social Indicators Research [online]
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Ruttloff, D., Haak, J., Groos, L., Moch, M., Mittler, N., Tophoven-Sedrakyan, T. & Borucki, I., 'Disinformation, hate speech, and fake news. How much negativity did the parties spread on social media during the 2021 election campaign?' (2024), in E. Guevara & A. Theviot (Eds.) Elections and Social Networks around the World (pp. 352–369), London: Routledge
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Ryu, H.-S. & Lee, J.K., 'Detection of political hate speech in Korean language' (2024), Language Resources and Evaluation [online]
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Sacerdoti, G., 'The ‘season of agreements’ 40 Years Later: from the first Waldensian and Jewish agreements to the generalization of the regime and the new challenges | La ‘stagione delle intese’ 40 anni dopo : dalle prime intese valdese ed ebraica alla generalizzazione del regime e le nuove sfide' (2025), Archivio Giuridico Filippo Serafini, 157(2), pp. 273–288
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Saglik, C., 'The “Other” through the eyes of the host: a discourse analysis of American and German YouTube users’ reactions to migration and immigrant issues' (2025), Comparative Migration Studies, 13(1), 89
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Said-Hung, E. & Diaz, J. M. (Eds.), 'News Media and Hate Speech Promotion in Mediterranean Countries' (2023), Hershey, PA: IGI Global
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Said-Hung, E., Arce-García, S. & Montero-Díaz, J., 'Patterns of Dissemination of Expressions of Hate and Polarization in Ibero-America' (2024), in A. Casero-Ripollés & P.C. López-López (Eds.) The Routledge Handbook of Political Communication in Ibero- America (pp. 114–127), London: Routledge
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Said-Hung, E., Merino-Arribas, A. & Esparza, M.S., 'Polarization, misinformation and expressions of hate on Twitter. Case of nationalist and pro-independence political groups in Spain | Polarización, desinformación y expresiones de odio en Twitter. Caso grupos políticos nacionalistas e independentistas en España' (2023), Observatorio, 17(2), pp. 52–81
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Said-Hung, E., Moreno-López, R. & Mottareale-Calvanese, D., 'Promotion of hate speech by Spanish political actors on Twitter' (2023), Policy and Internet [online]
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Sainudiin, R., Yogeeswaran, K., Nash, K. & Sahioun, R, 'Characterizing the Twitter Network of Prominent Politicians and SPLC-Defined Hate Groups in the 2016 Us Presidential Election' (2019), Social Network Analysis and Mining [online]
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Salazar-Aguilar, J.P., Orellana Orellana, A. & Castillo Alfaro, N., 'Digital political violence against women in Costa Rica (2022-2023). Proposal for a counternarrative to the dominant model | Violência política digital contra as mulheres na Costa Rica (2022-2023). Proposta de uma contranarrativa ao modelo dominante' (2024), Icono14, 22(1), e2087
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Salime, Z., 'Decolonizing the Race Debate about North Africa' (2024), Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East. 44(3), pp. 407–412
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Samaras, G., 'Battleground Europe: the rise of anti-woke movements and their threat to democracy' (2025), Frontiers in Political Science, 7, 1568816
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San Deogracias, J.C., Linares, R.C. & Segarra, M.G., 'The boomerang effect and hate speech comments in the press: Lionel Messi and the Catalan pro-independence movement (2019-2021) | Efeito boomerang e ódio na imprensa: Messi e a independência da Catalunha (2019-2021)' (2024), Icono14, 22(1), e2057
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Sande, N. & Maforo, B., 'Hate Speech as a Politico-Religious Tool in Contemporary Zimbabwe' (2022), Journal of Religion in Africa, 1(4), pp. 1-16
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Sanhueza-Parra, M., 'Discursive approaches to violence against trans women in politics: the case of Emilia Schneider and Constanza Valdés’ campaign for constituents on Twitter | Aproximaciones discursivas de la violencia contra las mujeres trans en política: el caso de la campaña a constituyentes de Emilia Schneider y Constanza Valdés en Twitter' (2024), Autoctonia, 8, pp. 224–259
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Santamaría-Velascoa, F. & Ortiz, A.R., 'Hatred Expressives Institutionalized in Colombian Political Discourse. An Analysis of ‘Guerrilero’, ‘Castrochavista’, ‘Vándalo’ and ‘Gente de Bien’ | Expressões de ódio institucionalizados no discurso político colombiano. Uma análise sobre ‘guerrilheiro’, ‘castrochavista’, vândalo’ e ‘gente de bem’' (2023), Signo y Pensamiento, 42
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Santellano, K., Higuera, K. & Arriaga, F., 'Latina Educators in Sociology: Combating Trumpism with Critical Pedagogy' (2021), Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 7(1), pp. 134-140
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Santini, R.M., Salles, D. & Barros, C.E., 'We love to hate George Soros: A cross-platform analysis of the Globalism conspiracy theory campaign in Brazil' (2022), Convergence [online]
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Santos, D.L., 'Negative campaigning. Comparative analysis of the hate speech broadcast by Catalonian political leaders on their official Twitter accounts and television | Negatividad en procesos electorales. Análisis comparative del discurso de odio difundido por los líderes politicos catalanes en su cuenta oficial de Twitter y en televisión' (2023), Doxa Comunicacion, 2023(37)
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Santos, P. & Muneri, C.T. (Eds.), 'Reading Justice Claims on Social Media: Perspectives from the Global South' (2024), Cham: Palgrave Macmillan
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Sarmiento, Á.G., Martínez, V.C. & Villa Gracia, A.D., 'Artificial Intelligence Applied to the Analysis of Hate Speech: Trump´s and Biden During the Capitol Attack in Washington D.C. | INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL APLICADA AL ANÁLISIS DE DISCURSOS DE ODIO: Trump y Biden durante el asalto al Capitolio en Washington D.C.' (2025), Street Art and Urban Creativity, 11(4), pp. 137–149
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Sarmiento, H., Ortiz, J., Bravo-Marquez, F., Santos, M. & Valenzuela, S., 'A Comparative Analysis of Offensive Discourse in the 2021 Chilean Presidential Campaign on Twitter and WhatsApp' (2024), Proceedings 2024 IEEE WIC International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, WI IAT 2024, pp. 62–69
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Sato, A., 'Sanitising Social Media and the Production of Non-political Creative Content' (2022), Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 23(1), pp. 78-96
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Satyanarayana, K., 'Caste violence: Free speech or atrocity?' (2019), in P.K. Malreddy, A.S. Purakayastha & B. Heidemann (Eds.) Violence in South Asia: Contemporary Perspectives (pp. 37-51), London & New York: Routledge
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Saunders, A., 'Remembering Right-Wing Violence in Post-unification Eastern Germany; From Disrupted Heimat to the Practice of Beheimatung?' (2024), German Politics and Society, 42(4), pp. 41–64
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Scaramuzzino, G., 'Shrinking or expanding access to civic space? The consequences of hate speech, threats and harassment within Swedish civil society' (2023), Journal of Civil Society [online]
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Scham, S., 'An Archaeology of Persecuted Peoples: Religion and Hate in the Mountains of Asia' (2024), London: Routledge
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Schellenberg, B., 'Strategien gegen Rechtsextremismus und Vorurteilskriminalität – Für Pluralismus und liberale Demokratie in Deutschland' (2012), in M. Glaab & K.-R. Korte (Eds.), Angewandte Politikforschung (pp. 419-429). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
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Schenk, R., 'Hate, rage, and cultural war: The truth of America’s big lie' (2023), in I.S. Burnett (Ed.) Re-Visioning the American Psyche: Jungian, Archetypal, and Mythological Reflections (pp. 99–116), London: Routledge
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Schirch, L. (Ed.), 'Social Media Impacts on Conflict and Democracy: The Techtonic Shift' (2021), London: Routledge
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Schissler, M., 'Beyond Hate Speech and Misinformation: Facebook and the Rohingya Genocide in Myanmar' (2024), Journal of Genocide Research [online]
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Schlag, G., 'European Union’s Regulating of Social Media: A Discourse Analysis of the Digital Services Act' (2023), Politics and Governance, 11(3), pp. 168–177
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Schlegel, L. & Kowert, R. (Eds.), 'Gaming and Extremism: The Radicalization of Digital Playgrounds' (2024), New York: Routledge
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Schmid, U.K., Obermaier, M. & Rieger, D., 'Who cares? How personal political characteristics are related to online counteractions against hate speech' (2024), Human Communication Research, 50(3), pp. 393–403
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Schotanus, M.S. (Ed.), 'Gender Violence, the Law, and Society: Interdisciplinary Perspectives from India, Japan and South Africa' (2022), Bingley: Emerald Publishing
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Schulz-Tomančok, A. & Woschnagg, F., 'Credibility at stake. A comparative analysis of different hate speech comments on journalistic credibility and support on climate protection measures' (2024), Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 2367092
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Schulze, H., 'Is It OK to Punch a Nazi? Aggression and Generativity in Ubiquitous Resistance' (2023), in J. Ecarius & J. Bilstein (Eds.) Violence – Reason – Fear: Interdisciplinary Approaches and Theoretical Approaches (pp. 159–174), Wiesbaden: Springer
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Schuppener, G., 'Nibelung Adaptations in Right-wing Extremism | Nibelungen-Adaptionen im Rechtsextremismus' (2024), Litera (Turkey), 34(1), pp. 157–180
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Schutte, S., Karell, D. & Barrett, R., 'Online speech and communal conflict: Evidence from India' (2025), Pnas Nexus, 4(5), pgaf149
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Schweppe, J., 'Defining characteristics and politicising victims: A legal perspective' (2012), Journal of Hate Studies, 10(1), pp.173-198
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Scrivens, R., Wojciechowski, T.W., Gaudette, T. & Frank, R., 'Examining the Persisting and Desisting Online Posting Behaviors of Violent and Non-Violent Right-Wing Extremists' (2025), Terrorism and Political Violence [online]
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