Publications: Racist hate crime
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Ratcliff, J.J., Andrus, T., Miller, A.K., Olowu, F. & Capellupo, J., 'When Potential Allies and Targets Do (and Do Not) Confront Anti-Asian Prejudice: Reactions to Blatant and Subtle Prejudice During the COVID-19 Pandemic' (2023), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Ray, L. & Smith, D., 'Racist offenders and the politics of ‘hate crime’' (2001), Law and Critique, 12(3), pp.203-221
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Ray, L. & Smith, D., 'Racist offending, policing and community conflict' (2004), Sociology, 38(4), pp.681-699
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Ray, L. & Smith, D., 'Hate crime, violence and cultures of racism' (2002), in Iganski, P. (ed.) (2002) The Hate Debate. London: Profile Books.
Ray, L. & Smith, D., 'Racist violence as hate crime' (2002), Criminal Justice Matters, 48(1), pp.6-7
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Ray, L., Smith, D., & Wastell, L., 'Shame, rage and racist violence' (2004), British Journal of Criminology, 44(3), pp.350-368
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Read, T., 'Update' (2016), The Police Journal, 89(4), pp.340-345
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Reidpath, D.D. & Diamond, M.R., 'Models of inter-racial offending: An evaluation' (1998), Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 31(1), pp.27-37
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Reitz, C., 'Herbert Marcuse Today: On Ecological Destruction, Neofascism, White Supremacy, Hate Speech, Racist Police Killings, and the Radical Goals of Socialism' (2021), Theory, Culture and Society [online]
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Relia, K., Li, Z., Cook, S.H., Chunara, R., 'Race, Ethnicity and National Origin-Based Discrimination in Social Media and Hate Crimes Across 100 U.S. Cities' (2019), Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Web and Social Media, ICWSM 2019, pp. 417-427
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Remedios, J.D. & Snyder, S.H., 'How women of color detect and respond to multiple forms of prejudice' (2015), Sex Roles
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Ren, J. & Feagin, J., 'Face Mask Symbolism in Anti-Asian Hate Crimes' (2020), Ethnic and Racial Studies [online]
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Reneau, C.-M. & Villarreal, M.A. (Eds.), 'Handbook of research on leading higher education transformation with social justice, equity, and inclusion' (2021), Hershey, PA: IGI Global
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Renshaw, D., 'Prejudice and paranoia: A comparative study of antisemitism and Sinophobia in turn-of-the-century Britain' (2016), Patterns of Prejudice, 50(1), pp.38-60
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Retta, M., 'A pragmatic and discourse analysis of hate words on social media' (2023), Internet Pragmatics, 6(2), pp. 197–218
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Reynolds, H., 'Violence in Australian history' (1991), in Chappell, D., Grabosky, P. & Strang, H. (eds.) Australian Violence: Contemporary Perspectives. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology
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Rich, G.J., Kuriansky, J., Gielen, U.P. & Kaplin, D. (Eds.), 'Psychosocial Experiences and Adjustment of Migrants: Coming to the USA' (2023), Cambridge, MA: Academic Press
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Richard, A., 'Russian nationalism and ethnic violence: Symbolic violence, lynching, pogrom, and massacre' (2016), Abingdon; New York: Routledge
Richards, I., Smith, C. & Barton, G., 'Holding to account or amplifying extremist hate? A mixed methods analysis of newspaper reporting on far-right crime in Australia' (2024), Critical Studies on Terrorism [online]
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Richardson, N., 'Doubts linger over racial attitudes' (1995), 116(5974) Bulletin 20
Richardson, C., Shah, S. & Yuan, X., 'Semi-Supervised Machine Learning for Analyzing COVID-19 Related Twitter Data for Asian Hate Speech' (2022), Proceedings - 21st IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, ICMLA 2022, pp. 1643-1648
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Ritter, L. (Ed.), 'American Conspiracism: An Interdisciplinary Exploration' (2024), New York: Routledge
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Roberts, A. & Tamla Rai, V., 'Are Black Offenders Disproportionately Victimizing Asian Americans During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Comparison to Expected Racial Distributions and the Pre-Pandemic Period' (2024), Victims and Offenders [online]
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Roberts, J.M., 'Judith Butler, the Bakhtin Circle and Free Speech: State Hegemony, Race and Grievability in R.A.V. v. St Paul' (2022), Law and Critique [online]
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Robinson, A.N., 'Color-evasive free speech ideology: A conceptual analysis of free speech as racial oppression in U.S. higher education' (2021), Critical Studies in Education [online]
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Rodriguez, C.J., Gwathmey, T.M., Jin, Z., Schwartz, J., Beech, B.M., Sacco, R.L., Di Tullio, M.R. & Homma, S., 'Perceived discrimination and nocturnal blood pressure dipping among Hispanics: The influence of social support and race' (2016), Psychosomatic Medicine
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Roldós, M.-I., Farhat, T. & Gómez, M.M., 'Disparities in violent fatal injury among racial and ethnic minorities, 2009–2019: a portfolio analysis of United States—National Institutes of Health' (2023), Journal of Public Health Policy [online]
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Rolston, B., '‘Ireland of the welcomes’? racism and anti-racism in nineteenth-century Ireland' (2006), Patterns of Prejudice, 38(4), pp.355-370
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Roose, J.M., 'Xenophobia' (2017), The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Theory [online]
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Rosen, J.E. & Greif, G., 'The Voices of Interracial and Interethnic Couples Raising Biracial, Multiracial, and Bi-ethnic Children Under 10 Years Old' (2021), Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal [online]
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Ross, C.T., 'A multi-level Bayesian analysis of racial bias in police shootings at the county-level in the United States, 2011-2014' (2015), PLoS ONE, 10(11), Article number e0141854
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Roussos, G. & Dovidio, J.F., 'Hate speech is in the eye of the beholder: The influence of racial attitudes and freedom of speech beliefs on perceptions of racially motivated threats of violence' (2018), Social Psychological and Personality Science [online]
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Rowe, M., 'Policing, race and racism' (2004), Cullompton: Willan
Rowe, M. & Garland, J., 'Paying the price? Why football still has a problem: Mike Rowe and Jon Garland assess the ongoing presence of racism in football' (2012), Criminal Justice Matters, 88(1), pp.30-31
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Roxburgh, A., 'Preachers of hate: The rise of the far right' (2002), London: Gibson Square Books
Roxell, L., 'Hate, threats, and violence. A register study of persons suspected of hate crime' (2011), Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 12(2), pp.198-215
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Rule, A. & Silvester, J., 'The stink, the fink and the missing link: Nazi madness' (1997), in Rule, A. & Silvester, J. (eds.) Underbelly: True Crime Stories. Floradale Productions & Sly Ink
Rumney, P., 'The British experience of racist hate speech regulation: A lesson for First Amendment absolutists?' (2003), Common Law World Review, 32(2), pp.117-160
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Ryan Kelly, C., 'Caught on Tape: White Masculinity and Obscene Enjoyment' (2023), New York: Oxford University Press
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Ryan, E. & Leeson, T., 'Hate groups and hate crime' (2011), International Review of Law & Economics, 31(4), pp.256-262
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Sabharwal, M., Becerra, A. & Oh, S., 'From the Chinese Exclusion Act to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Historical Analysis of “Otherness” Experienced by Asian Americans in the United States' (2022), Public Integrity, 24(6), pp. 535-549
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Sabie-Aridi, A.S., Burrell, D.N., Nobles, C., Richardson, K. & Kemp, R.E., 'Challenging and changing discrimination against Asian-American cybersecurity and engineering employees in information technology workplaces' (2022), International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development, 14(1)
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Sabina, C., Perez, G., Cuevas, C.A. & Farrell, A., 'Which Latinos Experience Bias Victimization? An Examination of Acculturation, Immigrant Status, and Socio-economic Status' (2023), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Safi, A.Q., Saeedi, S.S., Agustin, H., Rizal, E. & Sapi, A.M., 'Cultural Differences and Discrimination: Afghan Immigrants’ Experiences in Germany' (2024), Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies [online]
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Said-Hung, E. & Diaz, J. M. (Eds.), 'News Media and Hate Speech Promotion in Mediterranean Countries' (2023), Hershey, PA: IGI Global
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Sainju, K.D., Zaidi, H., Mishra, N. & Kuffour, A., 'Xenophobic Bullying and COVID-19: An Exploration Using Big Data and Qualitative Analysis' (2022), International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(8), 4824
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Sakki, I. & Castrén, L., 'Dehumanization through humour and conspiracies in online hate towards Chinese people during the COVID-19 pandemic' (2022), British Journal of Social Psychology [online]
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Sangalang, C.C., '“I’m sick of being called a hero – I want to get paid like one”: Filipino American frontline workers’ health under conditions of COVID-19 and racial capitalism' (2022), Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 977955
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Santellano, K., Higuera, K. & Arriaga, F., 'Latina Educators in Sociology: Combating Trumpism with Critical Pedagogy' (2021), Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 7(1), pp. 134-140
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Santos, G.L., dos Santos, V.G., Kearns, C., Sinclair, G., Black, J., Doidge, M., Fletcher, T., Kilvington, D., Endo, P.T., Liston, K. & Lynn, T., 'Kicking Prejudice: Large Language Models for Racism Classification in Soccer Discourse on Social Media' (2024), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 14663 LNCS, pp. 547–562
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