Publications: L
Lee, M., Park, I.Y., Park, M., Tran, P.K., Cozier, Y.C. & Hahm, H.C., 'COVID-19-Related Racial Discrimination during Lockdown and Its Impact on Asian American Women' (2023), International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(16), 6546
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Lee, N., Jung, C. & Oh, A., 'Hate Speech Classifiers are Culturally Insensitive' (2023), Cross-Cultural Considerations in NLP at EACL, C3NLP 2023 - Proceedings of the Workshop, pp. 35–46
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Lee, R.K.-W., Cao, R., Fan, Z., Jiang, J. & Chong, W.-H., 'Disentangling Hate in Online Memes' (2021), MM 2021 - Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 5138-5147
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Lee, S., 'Willingness to cooperate with police in hate crime cases: the impact of police legitimacy, police encounters and race/ethnicity' (2024), Policing [online]
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Lee, S., 'Older Asian Adults with Limited English Proficiency and Racism Through the Lens of Asian Human Service Workers' (2023), Journal of Gerontological Social Work [online]
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Lee, S. & Gilliland, A., 'Evolving Definitions of Hate Speech: The Impact of a Lack of Standardized Definitions' (2024), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries LecturNotes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 14597 LNCS, pp. 141–156
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Lee, S. & Waters, S.F., 'Asians and Asian Americans’ experiences of racial discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on health outcomes and the buffering role of social support' (2021), Stigma and Health, 6(1), pp. 70-78
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Lee, S., Choi, J. & Ahn, C., 'Hate prompts participation: Examining the dynamic relationship between affective polarization and political participation' (2023), New Media and Society [online]
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Lee, S., Jung, D., Park, C., Lee, S. & Lim, H., 'Alternative Speech: Complementary Method to Counter-Narrative for Better Discourse' (2023), IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops, ICDMW, pp. 1438–1442
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Lee, Y., Vue, S., Seklecki, R. & Ma, Y., 'How did Asian Americans respond to negative stereotypes and hate crimes?' (2007), American Behavioral Scientist, 51(2), pp.271-293
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Lee, Y.J., Lau, S.B., Bersamira, C.S. & Yamauchi, J., 'Anti-Asian Racism and COVID-19 Impact on Older Adults: The Voices of Social Workers' (2023), Journal of Gerontological Social Work [online]
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Lee-Won, R.J., White, T.N., Song, H., Lee, J.Y. & Smith, M.R., '‘Source magnification of cyberhate: affective and cognitive effects of multiple-source hate messages on target group members’' (2019), Media Psychology [online]
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Leekha, R., Simek, O. & Dagli, C., 'War of Words: Harnessing the Potential of Large Language Models and Retrieval Augmented Generation to Classify, Counter and Diffuse Hate Speech' (2024), Proceedings of the International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference, FLAIRS, 37
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Leets, L., 'Experiencing hate speech: Perceptions and responses to Anti-Semitism and Antigay speech' (2002), Journal of Social Issues, 58(2), pp.341-361
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Legal and Constitutional Legislation Committee, Parliament of Australia - Senate, 'Canberra Racial Hatred Bill 1994 report' (1995)
Legg, S. & Citizens, N., '‘No Place for Hate’: Community-Led Research and the Geographies of Nottingham Citizens’ Hate Crime Commission' (2019), Social and Cultural Geography [online]
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Lehman, B., '‘Stopping the Hate: Applying Insights on Bullying Victimization to Understand and Reduce the Emergence of Hate in Schools’' (2019), Sociological Inquiry [online]
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Lemke, R., 'Opposing, Denouncing, Insulting: Sexuality-Related Dynamics of Opinion on the Internet [Ablehnen, Anprangern, Beleidigen: Sexualitätsbezogene Meinungsdynamiken im Internet]' (2022), Zeitschrift fur Sexualforschung, 35(4), pp. 221-228
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Lenardič, J. & Pahor De Maiti, K., 'Grammatical and Pragmatic Aspects of Slovenian Modality in Socially Unacceptable Facebook Comments | Slovnični in pragmatični vidiki naklonskosti v slovenščini v družbeno nesprejemljivih komentarjih na Facebooku' (2023), Slovenscina 2.0, 11(1), pp. 33–68
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Lengel, L. & Smidi, A., 'How affect overrides fact: Anti-Muslim politicized rhetoric in the post-truth era' (2018), in L. Zhang & C. Clark (Eds.). Affect, emotion, and rhetorical persuasion in mass communication (Chapter 8). New York, NY: Routledge
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Lentin, R., 'Ireland: Racial state and crisis racism' (2007), Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30(4), pp.610-627
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Lentin, A., '(Not) doing race : ‘Casual racism’, ‘bystander antiracism’ and ‘ordinariness’ in Australian racism studies' (2017), in M. Boese & V. Marotta (Eds.), Critical reflections on migration, ‘race’ and multiculturalism: Australia in a global context (pp. 125-142)
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Leo, C.O., Santoso, B.J. & Pratomo, B.A., 'Enhancing Hate Speech Detection for Social Media Moderation: A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms' (2023), 2023 International Conference on Advanced Mechatronics, Intelligent Manufacture and Industrial Automation, ICAMIMIA 2023 - Proceedings, pp. 960–964
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Leonard, W., Mitchell, A., Pitts, M. & Patel, S., 'Coming forward – The underreporting of heterosexist violence and same sex partner abuse in Victoria' (2009), Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health & Society (ARCSHS).
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Leonardelli, E., Menini, S. & Tonelli, S., 'DH-FBK @ HaSpeeDe2: Italian hate speech detection via self-training and oversampling' (2020), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2765
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Leonenko, T.Y., Leonenko, M.I., Shyian, O.Y., Yurchyshyn, V.M. & Shkuta, O.O., '‘Pathological’ Religiosity Phenomenon as Manifestation of Individual’s Deviant Behavior: Religious Hatred or Discord Motive in Commission of Crimes in the Religious Denomination Sphere' (2019), Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 10(1), pp. 295-306
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Lepoutre, M., 'Hateful Counterspeech' (2022), Ethical Theory and Moral Practice [online]
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Lepoutre, M., 'Democratic Speech in Divided Times' (2021), Oxford: Oxford University Press
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Lepoutre, M., 'Hate Speech Laws: Expressive Power Is Not the Answer' (2020), Legal Theory [online]
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Lepoutre, M., 'Discursive optimism defended' (2023), Politics, Philosophy and Economics [online]
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Lepoutre, M., Vilar-Lluch, S., Borg, E. & Hansen, N., 'What is Hate Speech? The Case for a Corpus Approach' (2023), Criminal Law and Philosophy [online]
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Lera, E.C., 'The Correlation between Economic Decline and Radicalization towards the Far Right in the United States: The Case of Hate Groups in the Rust Belt | La correlación entre el detrimento económico y la radicalización hacia la extrema derecha en Estados Unidos: El caso de los grupos de odio en el Rust Belt' (2024), Norteamerica, 19(2)
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Lestari, Y., Elian, N., Diego, Anindya, A. & Helmi, R.F., 'The Relationship Between Social Media Usage and Responses to Hoax and Hate Speech in Padang' (2024), Studies in Media and Communication, 12(3), pp. 393–404
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Letouze, P. & Mendes, D.B., 'Positive Semiotics Construction: The Intersectionality of Fat Black Women, from Fatphobia, Through Fat Appraisal to Fat Praise' (2024), International Journal for the Semiotics of Law [online]
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Lettieri, J., Logie, K. & Paccione-Frometa, J., 'Noise Complaints and Land Rezoning as a Predictor of Hate Crimes in a New York City Borough' (2023), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Leung, M., 'Points of departure: Re-examining the discursive formation of the Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990' (2018), Patterns of Prejudice, 52(1), pp.39-57
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Levi, E., Mariani, R.D. & Patriarca, F., 'Hate at First Sight? Dynamic Aspects of the Electoral Impact of Migration: The Case of Ukip' (2019), Journal of Population Economics [online]
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Levin, B., 'The original web of hate: Revolution Muslim and American homegrown extremists' (2015), American Behavioral Scientist, 59(12), pp.1609-1630
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Levin, B., 'The vindication of hate violence victims via criminal and civil adjudications' (2002), Journal of Hate Studies, 1(1), pp. 133-165
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Levin, B., 'Hate crimes: Worse by definition' (1999), Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 15(1), pp.6-21
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Levin, B., 'Reassessing laws on hate violence against the homeless' (2015), American Behavioral Scientist, 59(13), pp.1715-1728
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Levin, J., 'From thrill to defensive hate crimes: The impact of September 11, 2001' (2014), Journal of Hate Studies, 12(1), pp. 65-72
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Levin, B., 'Extremism and the constitution: How America’s legal evolution affects the response to extremism' (2001), American Behavioral Scientist, 45(4), pp.714-754
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Levin, B., 'From slavery to hate crime laws: The emergence of race and status based protection in American criminal law' (2002), Journal of Social Issues, 58(2), pp.227-245
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Levin, B. & Reitzel, J.D., 'Report to the nation: Hate crimes rise in U.S. cities and counties in time of division and foreign interference' (2018), Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism; California State University, San Bernardino
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Levin, B., & Amster, S., 'Making hate history: Hate crime and policing in America’s most diverse city' (2007), American Behavioral Scientist, 51(2), pp.329-348
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Levin, B., Nolan, J.J. & Perry, B., 'Disrupting the mantra of multiculturalism: Hate crime in Canada' (2015), American Behavioral Scientist, 59(13), pp.1637-1654
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Levin, B., Nolan, J.J. & Perst, K., 'U.S. Hate Crime Trends: What Disaggregation of Three Decades of Data Reveals About a Changing Threat and an Invisible Record' (2022), Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 112(4),3, pp. 749-800
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Levin, J. & Idler, E.L., 'Islamophobia and the public health implications of religious hatred' (2018), AJPH, 108(6), pp.718–719
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Levin, J. & McDevitt, J., 'Hate crimes: The rising tide of bigotry and bloodshed' (2001), Westview Press Inc.