Publications: Causes of hate crime
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Fangen, K. & Holter, C.R., 'The Battle for Truth: How Online Newspaper Commenters Defend Their Censored Expressions' (2019), Poetics, 101423 [online]
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Fischer, A., Halperin, E., Canetti, D. & Jasini, A., 'Why we hate' (2018), Emotion Review [online]
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Fischer, J.M.K. & Farren, D., 'Narratives of Masculine Victimhood and Right-Wing Extremist Attitudes among Young People: Validation and Application of a Scale to Measure Masculist Feelings of Threat | [Männliche Opfernarrative und rechtsextreme Einstellungen bei jungen Menschen: Validierung und Anwendung eines Instrumentes zur Erfassung maskulistischer Bedrohungsgefühle]' (2023), Monatsschrift fur Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform [online]
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Flint, C., 'Space of hate: Geographies of discrimination and intolerance in the USA' (2004), New York: Routledge
Forscher, P.S., Cox, W.T., Graetz, N. & Devine, P.G., 'The motivation to express prejudice' (2015), Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(5), pp.791-812
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Franklin, K., 'Antigay behaviours among young adults: Prevalence, patterns, and motivators in a non population' (2000), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15(4), pp.339-363
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Freitas, A.L., Romero, R.L., Pantaleão, F.N. & Boggio, P.S., 'Sociocognitive underpinnings of online hate speech in Brazil: an interdisciplinary narrative review | Bases sociocognitivas do discurso de ódio online no Brasil: uma revisão narrativa interdisciplinar' (2023), Texto Livre, 16, e46002
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Freitas-Monteiro, T. & Prömel, C., 'Local far-right demonstrations and nationwide public attitudes towards migration' (2024), Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 228, 106766
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Frindte, W., Geschke, D., Haußecker, N., Schmidtke, F. , 'Rechtsextremismus und „Nationalsozialistischer Untergrund“: Interdisziplinäre Debatten, Befunde und Bilanzen' (2016), VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
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Fröhlich, W., Ganser, C. & Köhler, E., 'Gruppenbezogene Menschenfeindlichkeit in Bayern' (2016), Forschungsbericht des Instituts für Soziologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Frost, D., 'The “enemy within”? Asylum, racial violence and “race hate” in Britain today' (2007), Twenty-First Century Society, 2(3), pp.227-248
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Gadd, D., 'Stoking hate: configuring loss in explanations of racially aggravated crime' (2024), Journal of Psychosocial Studies, 17(2), pp. 161–174
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Gambrell, K., Martin, A. & Mungaray, K. R., 'Following the 2016 Presidential Election: Positive and Negative Mood Affect and the Impetus Towards Activism' (2019), Journal of Hate Studies, 14(1), pp. 153-172
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Garland, J., '‘It’s a Mosher just been banged for no reason’: Assessing targeted violence against Goths and the parameters of hate crime' (2010), International Review of Victimology, 17(2), pp.159-177
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Gerstenfeld, P.B., 'Hate crimes: Causes, controls, and controversies' (2003), USA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Gerstenfeld, P.B., 'Hate crimes: Causes, controls, and controversies (3rd Edition)' (2013), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
Gessese, A.A., Haile, J.M. & Gedamu, K.M., 'The Role of Cultural Communication: Stereotype and Prejudice in the Amhara & Afar Ethnic Groups' (2024), Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism [online]
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Gladfelter, A.S., Lantz, B. & Ruback, R.B., 'The complexity of hate crime and bias activity: Variation across contexts and types of bias' (2015), Justice Quarterly
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Glaser, E.M., 'Is there a neurobiology of hate?' (2009), Journal of Hate Studies, 7(1), pp. 7-19
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Godzisz, P., 'State Responses to Anti-LGBT Violence: Poland in a European Context' (2024), Cham: Palgrave Macmillan
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Goede, L.-R., Schröder, C.P., Lehmann, L. & Bliesener, T., 'Online Activities and Extremist Attitudes in Adolescence: An Empirical Analysis with a Gender Differentiation | [Online-Aktivitäten und extremistische Einstellungen im Jugendalter: Eine empirische Analyse mit einer Geschlechterdifferenzierung]' (2022), Monatsschrift fur Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform, 105(4), pp. 257-274
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Goldenberg, D. & Brown, P.V., 'Fashioning hate: Driving the runway of desire' (2023), International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies [online]
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Goldner, I. & Ben-Nun Bloom, P., 'Polarization and Moral Threat: Insights from Systemist Analysis' (2023), Social Sciences, 12(8), 453
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Goodall, K., 'Challenging hate speech: Incitement to hatred on grounds of sexual orientation in England, Wales and Northern Ireland' (2009), The International Journal of Human Rights, 13(2-3), pp.211-232
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Gordon, S.L., 'Interweaving xenophobia and racism in South Africa: the impact of racial discrimination on anti-immigrant hate violence among people of colour' (2022), South African Journal of Psychology [online]
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Graham, R.S., Humer, S.G., Seungeun Lee, C. & Nagy, V. (Eds.), 'The Routledge International Handbook of Online Deviance' (2024), London: Routledge
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Grattet, R., 'The urban ecology of bias crime: A study of disorganized and defended neighborhoods' (2009), Social Problems, 56(1), pp.132-150
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Green, P., Strolovitch, Z., Wong, S. & Bailey, W., 'Measuring gay populations and antigay hate crime' (2001), Social Science Quarterly, 82(2), pp.281-296
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Greenwald, A.G. & Pettigrew, T.F., 'With malice toward none and charity for some: Ingroup favouritism enables discrimination' (2014), American Psychologist, 69(7), pp.669-684
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Grigoryan, L., Seo, S., Simunovic, D. & Hofmann, W., 'Helping the ingroup versus harming the outgroup: Evidence from morality-based groups' (2023), Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 105, 104436
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Groß, E., Hirtenlehner, H., Häfele, J. & Kanis, S., 'Authoritarian national radicalism, xenophobia, and crime-related (in)security feelings. A multilevel analysis │ Autoritärer Nationalradikalismus, Xenophobie und kriminalitätsbezogene (Un)Sicherheitsgefühle. Eine Mehrebenenanalyse' (2023), Soziale Probleme, 2023(2), pp. 351 – 378
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Gunadi, C., 'The Legacy of Slavery on Hate Crime in the United States' (2019), Research in Economics [online]
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Haider-Markel, D.P., 'The politics of social regulatory policy: State and federal hate crime policy and implementation effort' (1998), Political Research Quarterly, 51(1), pp.69-88
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Hall, N., 'Hate crime' (2013), New York: Routledge
Hall, N., 'Making sense of numbers: The social construction of hate crime in London and New York City' (2008), in Goodey, J. & Aromaa, K. (eds.) (2008) Hate Crime: papers from the 2006 and 2007 Stockholm Criminology Symposiums. Criminal Justice Press.
Hall, E., Clayton, J. & Donovan, C. (Eds.), 'Landscapes of Hate: Tracing Spaces, Relations and Responses' (2022), Bristol: Bristol University Press
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Hall, N., Corb, A., Giannasi, P., & Grieve, J. (eds.), 'The international handbook of hate crime' (2014), London: Routledge.
Hamilton, P. & Trickett, L., 'Disability hostility, harassment and violence in the UK: A ‘motiveless’ and ‘senseless’ crime?' (2014), in Hall, N., Corb, A., Giannasi, P. & Grieve, J. (eds.) (2014) The Routledge International Handbook on Hate Crime. London: Routledge
Hamm, M.S., 'American skinheads: The criminology and control of hate crime' (1994), Praeger
Hardy, S.-J., 'Explaining everyday hate in a multicultural context' (2017), in Everyday multiculturalism and ‘hidden’ hate (pp. 163-192). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK
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Hart, G., Huber, A. & Littler, M., '“Boys who hate girls, who hate boys, who hate girls”: A quantitative exploration of the relationship between misogyny, socio-political outlook, and support for violence in Europe' (2023), in E. Orofino & W. Allchorn (Eds.) Routledge Handbook of Non-Violent Extremism: Groups, Perspectives and New Debates (pp. 51-65), London: Routledge
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Hassan, A., Verma, A., Chaudhary, A., Kumar, N., Anuragi, P.K. & Khan, S., 'Urgent Call: Exploring Alternative Penal Approaches for Combating Hate Crimes' (2024), Frontiers in Health Informatics, 13(3), pp. 5245–5260
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Hawdon, J., Costello, M., Barrett-Fox, R. & Bernatzky, C., 'The perpetuation of online hate: A criminological analysis of factors associated with participating in an online attack' (2019), Journal of Hate Studies, 15(1), pp. 157-181
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Hayes, B.E., Gruenewald, J., Werth, K.A. & Chermak, S., 'Bias-Motivated Violence and the Likelihood of Fatal Outcomes: A Criminal Event Perspective and Mixed-Method Approach' (2025), Justice Quarterly [online]
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He, L., Zhou, W., He, M., Nie, X. & He, J., 'Openness and COVID-19 induced xenophobia: The roles of trade and migration in sustainable development' (2021), PLoS ONE, 16(4 April), e0249579
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Hein, L.C. & Scharer, K.M., 'Who cares if it is a hate crime? Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender hate crimes – Mental health implications and interventions' (2013), Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 49(2), pp.84-93
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Heller, A., Wicke, F.S., Kasinger, C., Beutel, M.E., Decker, O., Schuler, J. & Brähler, E., 'On the Association of Interpersonal Trust With Right-Wing Extremist and Authoritarian Attitudes' (2022), Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 10(2), pp. 460-474
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Henry, J.S., 'Bias-based cyberbullying: The next hate crime frontier?' (2013), Criminal Law Bulletin-Boston, 49, pp.481-503
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Herek, G.M., 'Psychological heterosexism and antigay violence: The social psychology of bigotry and bashing' (1992), Herek, G.M. & Berrill, K. (eds.), 'Hate Crimes: Confronting Violence Against Lesbians and Gay Men' (1992), USA: Sage Publications
Hipp, J.R., Tita, G.E., & Boggess, L.N., 'Intergroup and intragroup violence: Is violent crime an expression of group conflict or social disorganisation' (2009), Criminology, 47(2), pp.521–564
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