Publications: Law and hate crime
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Badar, M.E. & Florijančič, P., 'The Prosecutor v. Vojislav Šešelj: A Symptom of the Fragmented International Criminalisation of Hate and Fear Propaganda' (2020), International Criminal Law Review, 20(3), pp. 405-491
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Badar, M.E. & Florijančič, P., 'Killing in the Name of Islam? Assessing the Tunisian Approach to Criminalising Takfir and Incitement to Religious Hatred against International and Regional Human Rights Instruments' (2021), Nordic Journal of Human Rights, 39(4), pp. 481-507
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Baehr, A.R., 'A feminist liberal approach to hate crime legislation' (2003), Journal of Social Philosophy, 34(1), pp.134-152
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Baider, F., 'Covert Hate Speech, Conspiracy Theory and Anti-semitism: Linguistic Analysis Versus Legal Judgement' (2022), International Journal for the Semiotics of Law [online]
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Bajpai, G.S., Pal, G., Singh, T. & Tambe, A., 'Hate Crime in India: Understanding Nuanced Discrimination Against North-Eastern Population' (2023), Cham: Springer
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Bajraktari, H., 'Human rights and good governance to identify hate crimes on social networks' (2023), Corporate Law and Governance Review, 5(1), pp. 151-157
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Bakalis, C., 'Legislating against hatred: The Law Commission’s report on hate crime' (2015), The Criminal Law Review, 3, pp.192-207
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Bakalis, C., 'The victims of hate crime and the principles of the criminal law' (2017), Legal Studies [online], p.1-21
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Bakalis, C., 'Rethinking cyberhate laws' (2017), Information and Communications Technology Law [online], pp. 1-25
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Bakalis, C., 'Regulating hate crime in the digital age' (2016), in J. Schweppe & M.A. Walters, The globalization of hate: Internationalizing hate crime? (pp.263-276), Oxford: Oxford University Press
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Bakalis, C. & Lloyd, C., 'Dangerous speech and images: Regulating the internet' (2018), Information & Communications Technology Law, 27(1), pp.1-3
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Bakken, T., 'Liberty and equality through freedom of expression: The human rights questions behind ‘hate crime’ laws' (2000), The International Journal of Human Rights, 4(2), pp.1-12
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Bales, W.D. & Piquero, A.R., 'Racial/ethnic differentials in sentencing to incarceration' (2012), Justice Quarterly, 29(5), pp.742-773
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Ballesteros, P.T., 'The hate speech of article 510.1.a) of the Spanish criminal code: Ideology as a trojan horse within suspect circunmstances of discrimination | [El discurso de odio del art. 510.1.a) del Código Penal español: La ideología como un Caballo de Troya entre las circunstancias sospechosas de discriminación]' (2021), Politica Criminal, 16(31), pp. 284-320
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Bankov, K., 'Cyberbullying and Hate Speech in the Debate Around the Ratification of the Istanbul Convention in Bulgaria: A Semiotic Analysis of the Communication Dynamics' (2020), Social Semiotics, 30(3), pp. 344-364
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Baptista, V.F., 'Femicide, Femicide and Hate on the agenda: The murder of women in Latin America | [Feminicídio, femicídio e ódio na agenda: O assassinato das mulheres na América Latina]' (2021), Brazilian Journal of International Law, 18(3), pp. 309-333
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Baradaran, S., 'Race, prediction, and discretion' (2013), George Washington Law Review, 81(1), pp.157-222
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Bárd, P., 'Prerequisites for the effective fight against hate crimes' (2022), Hungarian Journal of Legal Studies [online]
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Barker, K. & Jurasz, O., 'Online misogyny as hate crime: A challenge for legal regulation?' (2018), Routledge
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Baron, M., 'Hate crime legislation reconsidered' (2016), Metaphilosophy, 47(4-5), pp.504-523
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Barton Hronešová, J. & Hasić, J., 'The 2021 Memory Law in Bosnia and Herzegovina–Reconciliation or Polarization?' (2023), Journal of Genocide Research [online]
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Basu, S. & Sen, S., 'Silenced voices: unravelling India’s dissent crisis through historical and contemporary analysis of free speech and suppression' (2023), Information and Communications Technology Law [online]
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Battista, D. & Uva, G., 'Navigating the Virtual Realm of Hate: Analysis of Policies Combating Online Hate Speech in the Italian-European Context' (2024), Law, Technology and Humans, 6(1), pp. 48–58
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Bawono, B.T. & Glaser, H., 'The Urgency of Restorative Justice Regulation on Hate Speech' (2023), Bestuur, 11(2), pp. 364–383
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Bayer, J., 'High-impact hate speech by persons of authority: A lower threshold needed?' (2022), Hungarian Journal of Legal Studies [online]
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Beale, S. S., 'Federalizing hate crimes: Symbolic politics, expressive law, or tool for criminal enforcement?' (2000), Boston University Law Review, 80(5), pp.1227-1281
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Beasley, C. & Papadelos, P. (Eds.), 'Living Legacies of Social Injustice: Power, Time and Social Change' (2023), London: Routledge
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Bechtold, E., 'Scotland’s New Hate Crime Act Imperils Freedom of Expression' (2022), Edinburgh Law Review, 26(2), pp. 250-257
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Becker, P.J., 'The creation of Ohio’s ethnic intimidation law: Triggering events, media campaigns, and interest group activity' (1999), American Journal of Criminal Justice, 23(2), pp.247-265
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Bell, J., 'Lack of punishment Doesn’t fit the crime: America’s tepid response to bias-motivated crime' (2021), Studies in Law Politics and Society, 85, pp. 29-48
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Bell, J., 'Policing hatred: Police bias units and the construction of hate crime' (1997), Michigan Journal of Race & Law, 2, pp.421-460
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Bell, J, 'Policing hatred: Law enforcement, civil rights, and hate crime' (2002), New York: New York University Press
Bell, J., 'Pick the Lowest Hanging Fruit: Hate Crime Law and the Acknowledgment of Racial Violence' (2022), Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 112(4), pp. 691-728
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Bello, B.G., 'Tackling online hate speech from a European perspective: Potentials and challenges of inter-legality' (2023), Onati Socio-Legal Series, 13(4), pp. 1376–1411
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Benito, I.G., 'Public order offences: how feasible is their applicability to online hate?' (2024), Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online]
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Benzirgan, B., 'The problematization of hate crime legislation in Turkey: The re-emergence of legitimate victims' (2016), in J. Schweppe & M.A. Walters, The globalization of hate: Internationalizing hate crime? (pp.142-156), Oxford: Oxford University Press
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Berard, T. J., 'Hate crimes and their criminalization' (2010), in M. Peyrot & S. L. Burns (Eds.), New Approaches to Social Problems Treatment (Research in Social Problems and Public Policy) (Vol. 17, pp. 15-40), Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Bhat, M.M.A., 'Fighting impunity in hate crime — history, ethics, and the law: An interview with Harsh Mander' (2020), Jindal Global Law Review, 11(1), pp. 157-179
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Bhat, M.M.A., 'Hate Crimes in India' (2020), Jindal Global Law Review (Special Issue) [online]
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Bhat, M.M.A., Bajaj, V. & Kumar, S.A., 'The Crime Vanishes: Mob Lynching, Hate Crime, and Police Discretion in India' (2020), Jindal Global Law Review (Special Issue) [online]
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Bhattacharyya, R. (Ed.), 'Genocides and Xenophobia in South Asia and Beyond: A Transdisciplinary Perspective on Known, Lesser-known and Unknown Crime of Crimes' (2023), London: Routledge India
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Bilius, M., Navickienė, A. & Velička, V., 'Hate Crimes: Evaluation of Lithuanian Courts’ Decisions in the Light of the Practice of the European Court of Human Rights' (2021), Baltic Journal of Law and Politics, 14(1), pp. 22-47
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Bills, M.A. & Vaughn, M.S., 'A Contemporary Review of Hate Crime Legislation in the United States' (2022), Criminal Justice Policy Review [online]
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Bladini, M., 'Silenced Voices: Online Violence Targeting Women as a Threat to Democracy' (2020), Nordic Journal on Law and Society (Special Issue: Exploiting Justice in a Transformative Swedish Society), 3(2), pp. 1-42
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Blazak, R., 'Isn’t every crime a hate crime?: The case for hate crime laws' (2011), Sociology Compass, 5(4), pp.244-255
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Bleich, E., 'The rise of hate speech and hate crime laws in liberal democracies' (2011), Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 37(6), pp.917-934
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Bleich, E., 'Hate crime policy in Western Europe: Responding to racist violence in Britain, Germany, and France' (2007), American Behavioral Scientist, 51(2), pp.149-165
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Bleich, E. & Hart, R.K., 'Quantifying hate: The evolution of German approaches to measuring ‘hate crime’' (2008), German Politics, 17(1), pp.63-80
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Bleich, E. & Lambert, F., 'Why are racist associations free in some states and banned in others? Evidence from 10 liberal democracies' (2013), West European Politics, 36(1), pp.122-149
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Blosnich, J.R., Marsiglio, M.C., Gao, S., Gordon, A.J., Shipherd, J.C., Kauth, M., Brown, G.R. & Fine, M.J., 'Mental health of transgender veterans in US States with and without discrimination and hate crime legal protection' (2016), American Journal of Public Health, 106(3), pp.534-540
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