Publications: Impacts and consequences of hate crime
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Keum, B.T., Li, X. & Wong, M.J., 'Hate as a system: Examining hate crimes and hate groups as state level moderators on the impact of online and offline racism on mental health' (2022), International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 91, pp. 44-55
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Keum, B.T., Wong, M.J. & Sanders, I., 'Racial Hate at the Intersection of Online and Offline Worlds: The Joint Impact of Online and Offline Racism on the Mental Health of Racially Minoritized Individuals' (2023), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Khaleghipour, M., Koban, K. & Matthes, J., 'Listen to Me! Target Perceptions of Digital Hate: A Scoping Review of Recent Research' (2025), Trauma, Violence, and Abuse [online]
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Khanna, V., 'A Tale of Targeted Violence in Hashimpura: The Delhi High Court on Recognition, Relations and Responses' (2020), Jindal Global Law Review (Special Issue) [online]
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Kim, E., Choi, Y. & Griffith, C., 'Impact of increasing Asian hate crimes and Korean Americans’ perceptions of activism during COVID-19' (2025), Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work [online]
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Kiritchenko, S., Nejadgholi, I. & Fraser, K.C., 'Confronting abusive language online: A survey from the ethical and human rights perspective' (2021), Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 71, pp. 431-478
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Kowert, R. & Crevoshay, E., 'Harassment of game makers: Prevalence and impact' (2023), F1000Research, 11, 1518
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Kuhn, E. & Maxwell, R., 'Exposure to anti-refugee hate crimes and support for refugees in Germany' (2024), Political Science Research and Methods [online]
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Kundrák, V., 'Beizaras and Levickas v. Lithuania: Recognizing Individual Harm Caused by Cyber Hate?' (2020), East European Yearbook on Human Rights, 2020(1)
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Kurik, B., Hermanova, M. & Charvat, J., 'Living hated: Everyday experiences of hate speech across online and offline contexts' (2024), Communications, 49(3), pp. 378–399
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Kurpiel, A., 'Do All Victimization Types Cluster? Assessing the Co-Occurrence of Hate Speech With Criminal and Bullying Victimization at School' (2024), Violence and Victims, 39(5), pp. 534–554
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Kutateladze, B.L., 'Acting “Straight”: Socio-Behavioral Consequences of Anti-Queer Hate Crime Victimization' (2021), Justice Quarterly [online]
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Lahti, K., Laajasalo, T., Backman, H., Peltonen, K., Kaakinen, M. & Aronen, E.T., 'Victimization, immigration status, and psychosocial well-being: A representative study among Finnish adolescents' (2024), Child Abuse and Neglect, 158, 107140
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Lalić, V. & Đurić, S., 'Policing hate crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina' (2017), Policing and Society [online], pp.1-19
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Lantz, B., Malcom, Z.T. & Wenger, M.R., 'The Consequences of Hate Crime Victimization: Considering Prejudicial Attitudes as an Outcome of Interracial Bias-Motivated Conflict' (2023), Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency [online]
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Layug, A., Krishnamurthy, S., McKenzie, R. & Feng, B., 'The Impacts of Social Media Use and Online Racial Discrimination on Asian American Mental Health: Cross-sectional Survey in the United States During COVID-19' (2022), JMIR Formative Research, 6(9), e38589
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Leath, S., Scott, E.D., Rivens, A., Jones, M.K. & Koroma, N., '“We Need to See Action”: An Institutional Case Study of the Summer of Hate and Black Student Resistance' (2022), Journal of Diversity in Higher Education [online]
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Lee, J.J., Leyva Vera, C.A., Ramirez, J.I., Munguia, L., Aguirre Herrera, J., Basualdo, G., Small, L. & Robles, G., '‘They already hate us for being immigrants and now for being trans—we have double the fight’: A qualitative study of barriers to health access among transgender Latinx immigrants in the United States' (2022), Journal of Gay and Lesbian Mental Health [online]
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Lee, M., Park, I.Y., Park, M., Tran, P.K., Cozier, Y.C. & Hahm, H.C., 'COVID-19-Related Racial Discrimination during Lockdown and Its Impact on Asian American Women' (2023), International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(16), 6546
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Lee, Y., Vue, S., Seklecki, R. & Ma, Y., 'How did Asian Americans respond to negative stereotypes and hate crimes?' (2007), American Behavioral Scientist, 51(2), pp.271-293
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Leets, L., 'Experiencing hate speech: Perceptions and responses to Anti-Semitism and Antigay speech' (2002), Journal of Social Issues, 58(2), pp.341-361
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Levin, J., Rabrenovic, G., Ferraro, V., Doran, T., & Methe, D., 'When a crime committed by a teenager becomes a hate crime: Results from two studies' (2007), American Behavioral Scientist, 51(2), pp.246-257
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Li, L., Kang, J., Nguyen, B., Ho, M., Li, A.T., Shih, J.J., Kotwal, A., Yeh, J., Karliner, L., Jeung, R. & Smith, A., '“Hate has chipped away at my sense of security”: A survey study of the impacts of anti-Asian hate on the health of older Asians' (2024), Journal of the American Geriatrics Society [online]
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Liu, G., Li, W. & Zhang, Y., 'Tracing Chinese international students’ psychological and academic adjustments in uncertain times: An exploratory case study in the United Kingdom' (2022), Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 942227
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Liu, M. & Chan, K. (Eds.), 'Addressing Anti-Asian Racism with Social Work Advocacy and Action' (2024), Oxford: Oxford University Press
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Lockwood, S. & Cuevas, C.A., 'Hate Crimes and Race-Based Trauma on Latinx Populations: A Critical Review of the Current Research' (2020), Trauma, Violence, and Abuse [online]
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Lockwood, S., Farrell, A., Cuevas, C.A. & Robles, J., 'Bias Crime and Victimization Among Latinx Adults: Formal and Informal Help Seeking' (2022), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Lombardi, E. & Sahni, H., 'The Impact of Anti-discrimination Legislation on Transgender People within the USA' (2023), Sexuality Research and Social Policy [online]
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Lucibello, K.M., Goldfield, G.S., Alberga, A.S., Leatherdale, S.T. & Patte, K.A., 'Exploring the association between internalized weight bias and mental health among Canadian adolescents' (2024), Pediatric Obesity [online]
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Macdonald, S.J. & Peacock, D. (Eds.), 'The Routledge Handbook of Disability, Crime, and Justice' (2025), New York: Routledge
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Macdonald, S.J., Clayton, J. & Donovan, C., 'Dis/ableist criminology and domestic colonisation: conceptualising disabled people’s experience of hate and home-based violence' (2025), Disability and Society [online]
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Madriaza, P., Hassan, G., Brouillette-Alarie, S., Mounchingam, A.N., Durocher-Corfa, L., Borokhovski, E., Pickup, D. & Paillé, S., 'Exposure to hate in online and traditional media: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of this exposure on individuals and communities' (2025), Campbell Systematic Reviews, 21(1), e70018
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Maduro, R.S., Sheehan, B.E., Hitson, P., Shappie, A.T. & Derlega, V.J., 'LGBTQ-Related Individual Differences Predict Emotional Reactions to the Pulse Nightclub Shootings' (2020), Violence and Victims, 35(2), pp. 210-226
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Magano, O. & D’Oliveira, T., 'Antigypsyism in Portugal: Expressions of Hate and Racism in Social Networks' (2023), Social Sciences, 12(9), 511
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Malta, M., Gomes de Jesus, J., LeGrand, S., Seixas, M., Benevides, B., Silva, M.D.D., Lana, J.S., Huynh, H.V., Belden, C.M. & Whetten, K., '‘Our Life Is Pointless … ’: Exploring Discrimination, Violence and Mental Health Challenges Among Sexual and Gender Minorities From Brazil' (2020), Global Public Health [online]
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Mansouri, F., 'The impact of racism upon the health and wellbeing of young Australians' (2009), The Foundation for Young Australians & The Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Deakin University, Australia.
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Marais, A., Nel, J.A. & Govender, R., 'Emotional consequences of hate incidents: Experiences of a South African cohort' (2021), South African Journal of Psychology [online]
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Marcus-Newhall, A., Blake, L.P. & Baumann, J., 'Perceptions of hate crime perpetrators and victims as influenced by race, political orientation, and peer group' (2002), American Behavioral Scientist, 46(1), pp.108-135
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Markov, Č. & Đorđević, A., 'Becoming a Target: Journalists’ Perspectives on Anti-Press Discourse and Experiences with Hate Speech' (2023), Journalism Practice [online]
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Marston Danner, A., 'Bias crimes and crimes against humanity: Culpability in context' (2002), Buffalo Criminal Law Review, 6(1), pp.389-450
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Martin, C.R., Preedy, V.R. & Patel, V.B. (Eds.), 'Handbook of Anger, Aggression, and Violence' (2023), Cham: Springer
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Martínez Ruiz, R., 'Overcoming Psychic Trauma and Hate Speech: On Performativity and Its Healing Power' (2020), Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology [online]
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Marzetti, H., Chandler, A., Jordan, A. & Oaten, A., 'The politics of LGBT+ suicide and suicide prevention in the UK: risk, responsibility and rhetoric' (2023), Culture, Health and Sexuality [online]
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Mason, G., 'The symbolic purpose of hate crime law: Ideal victims and emotion' (2014), Theoretical Criminology, 18(1), pp.75-92
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Masoumirad, M., Huo, S., Das, A. & Bruckner, T.A., 'Hate crimes and psychiatric emergency department visits among Asian Americans' (2025), Social Science and Medicine, 365, 117624
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Matsumoto, T., Kitada, S. & Suda, S., 'The association between exposure to hate speech or perceived discrimination and mental health problems among Korean residents in Japan' (2024), Transcultural Psychiatry [online]
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McBride, K., 'Trans Individuals Lived Experiences of Harm: Gender, Identity and Recognition' (2023), Palgrave Studies in Victims and Victimology series, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan
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McDermott, J.C. & Chapel, F., 'How hate harms children' (2021), in R.K. Gordon, K. Ahmed & M. Hosoda (Eds.) Evolving Multicultural Education for Global Classrooms (pp. 231-247), Hershey, PA: IGI Global
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McNeil-Willson, R. & Triandafyllidou, A. (Eds.), 'Routledge Handbook of Violent Extremism and Resilience' (2023), London: Routledge
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Mcveigh, R., Welch, R. & Bjarnason, T., 'Hate crime reporting as a successful social movement outcome' (2003), American Sociological Review, 68(6), pp.843-867
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