Publications: Impacts and consequences of hate crime
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Quandt, T., Klapproth, J. & Frischlich, L., 'Dark social media participation and well-being' (2022), Current Opinion in Psychology, 45, 101284
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Ramasubramanian, S., Bhatti, S.J., Santia, M. & Tang, L., 'Culprits or Victims? Social Media Use, Mediated Ethnic Blame, and Asian American Mental Health During COVID-19' (2024), Mass Communication and Society [online]
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Ramasubramanian, S., Bhatti, S.J., Santia, M. & Tang, L., 'Culprits or Victims? Social Media Use, Mediated Ethnic Blame, and Asian American Mental Health During COVID-19' (2025), Mass Communication and Society, 28(2), pp. 326–350
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Repp, A.M. & Garcia, W.P., 'The Naturalization of the Absurd: Bolsonarist Policy and the Legitimation of Hate Speech | A NATURALIZAÇÃO DO ABSURDO: POLÍTICA BOLSONARISTA E A LEGITIMAÇÃO DO DISCURSO DE ÓDIO' (2024), Psicologia e Sociedade, 36, e285719
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Rezvi, M.R. & Hossain, M.R., 'Exploring issues of online hate speech against minority religious groups in Bangladesh' (2023), Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication [online]
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Rippy, A.E. & Newman, E., 'Perceived religious discrimination and its relationship to anxiety and paranoia among Muslim Americans' (2006), Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 1(1), pp.5-20
Robles, J., Lockwood, S., Cuevas, C.A., Farrell, A., Zhang, S. & Temple, J., 'The Effect of Bias Victimization on Mental Health Outcomes among a Sample of Latinx Adults' (2025), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 08862605251336352
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Rosario, J.R., Elsharnouby, E. & Cardemil, E.V., '“We Had to Care About Ourselves”: Distress and Coping Among Gay, Bisexual, and Queer (GBQ+) Latinx Men After the Pulse Nightclub Shooting' (2024), Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 17(3), pp. 485–493
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Rose. S.M. & Mechanic, M.B., 'Psychological distress, crime features and help-seeking behaviors related to homophobic bias incidents' (2002), American Behavioral Scientist, 46(1), pp.14-26
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Rosenthal, P., 'The criminality of racial harassment' (1989), Canadian Human Rights Yearbook, pp.113-166
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Rouse, M., 'Combating hate without hate crimes: The hanging effigies of the 2008 presidential campaign' (2012), International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique, 25(2), pp.225-247
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Rousseau, C., Johnson-Lafleur, J. & Desmarais, C., 'Surviving and Thriving in Spite of Hate: Burnout and Resiliency in Clinicians Working With Patients Attracted by Violent Extremism' (2025), American Journal of Orthopsychiatry [online]
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Rucco, D., Anzani, A., Scandurra, C., Pennasilico, A. & Prunas, A., 'Structural Stigma and Bisexual + People: Effects of the Rejection of the Zan Bill in Italy on Minority Stress and Mental Health' (2022), Journal of Bisexuality [online]
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Russell, H.A., 'Is It Time to Say Goodbye to BMI? A Commentary' (2024), Family and Community Health, 47(1), pp. 16–19
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Russell, K., Hunter, S.C., Post, A., Rasmussen, S. & Cramer, R.J., 'Examining mental health correlates of hate-motivated behaviour in Scotland: An investigation of victims, perpetrators and victim-perpetrators' (2024), International Journal of Social Psychiatry [online]
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Russell, K., Hunter, S.C., Rasmussen, S., Quirke, A. & Cramer, R.J., 'An Examination of Hate-Motivated Behavior Among Adults in Scotland and Associations with Risk Factors for Self-Directed Violence' (2024), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Ryan, E. & Leeson, T., 'Hate groups and hate crime' (2011), International Review of Law & Economics, 31(4), pp.256-262
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Sall, K.E., Miller, J.C., Jansen, E., Shonrock, A.T., Byrd, R. & C., 'Sexual Assault Among College Women: The Role of Survivor Acknowledgment, Rape Myth Acceptance, Weight Bias, and Body Appreciation' (2024), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Salmani, R., Mishra, G. & Singh, A.K., 'Acid Attacks in India and the Role of Stakeholders: A Journey From Victim to Survivor' (2023), Vision [online]
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Sangalang, C.C., '“I’m sick of being called a hero – I want to get paid like one”: Filipino American frontline workers’ health under conditions of COVID-19 and racial capitalism' (2022), Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 977955
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Scaramuzzino, G., 'Shrinking or expanding access to civic space? The consequences of hate speech, threats and harassment within Swedish civil society' (2023), Journal of Civil Society [online]
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Scheitle, C., Mabute-Louie, B., Ferguson, J., Hawkins, E. & Ecklund, E.H., 'Fear of Religious Hate Crime Victimization and the Residual Effects of Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia' (2023), Social Forces, 101(4), pp. 2059-2086
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Schoenebeck, S., Lampe, C. & Triệu, P., 'Online Harassment: Assessing Harms and Remedies' (2023), Social Media and Society, 9(1)
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Schweppe, J. & Walters, M.A. (Eds.), 'The globalization of hate: Internationalizing hate crime?' (2016), Oxford: Oxford University Press
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Shanaah, S., Yogeeswaran, K., Greaves, L., Bulbulia, J.A., Osborne, D., Afzali, M.U. & Sibley, C.G., 'Hate Begets Warmth? The Impact of an Anti-Muslim Terrorist Attack on Public Attitudes toward Muslims' (2021), Terrorism and Political Violence [online]
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Sharif, M.Z., Truong, M., Alam, O., Dunn K., Nelson J., Kavanagh A., Paradies, Y. & Priest, N., 'The association between experiences of religious discrimination, social-emotional and sleep outcomes among youth in Australia' (2021), SSM - Population Health, 15, 100883
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Sheehan, B.E., Maduro, R.S. & Derlega, V.J., 'Sexual/Gender Minority-Related Individual Differences Predict Likelihood of Social Action After a Hate Crime' (2020), Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity [online]
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Shi, L., Zhang, D., Martin, E., Chen, Z., Li, H., Han, X., Wen, M., Chen, L., Li, Y., Li, J., Chen, B, Ramos, A.K., King, K.M., Michaud, T. & Su, D., 'Racial Discrimination, Mental Health and Behavioral Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a National Survey in the United States' (2022), Journal of General Internal Medicine [online]
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Shimkhada, R. & Ponce, N.A., 'Surveying Hate and Its Effects During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Asian Americans and Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders' (2022), American journal of public health, 112(10), pp. 1446-1453
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Shodiya-Zeumault, S., DeBlaere, C., Aiello, M., Said, I.A. & Davis, D.E., 'Responses to the Unite the Right Rally: Perceptions, Stress, and the Moderating Role of Interpersonal Proximity' (2021), Race and Social Problems, 13(4), pp. 320-329
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Sibrian, N., Alfaro, A. & Núñez, J.C., 'Validation of an instrument on exposure of migrant communities to hate speech in the Chilean media ecosystem: preliminary results | Validación de instrumento sobre exposición de comunidades migrantes a discursos de odio en el ecosistema mediático chileno: resultados preliminares' (2024), Revista Latina de Comunicacion Social, 2024(82)
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Sims, G.M., Kia-Keating, M., Sanchez, A., Beylin, N., Evans, M. & Tran, M., 'Anti-Asian American Discrimination and COVID-19: Living with Fear' (2022), International Perspectives in Psychology: Research, Practice, Consultation, 11(3), pp. 206-213
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Singh, A., Dandona, A. & Sharma, V., 'Societal Refutation and Hate Crimes: Thematic Analysis of Exoticization and Victimization Experiences Among Young Trans People in India' (2022), Youth Voice Journal, 12
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Singh, A., Dandona, A., Sharma, V. & Zaidi, S.Z.H., 'Minority Stress in Emotion Suppression and Mental Distress Among Sexual and Gender Minorities: A Systematic Review' (2022), Annals of Neurosciences [online]
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Singh, D., 'Dalits’ encounters with casteism on social media: a thematic analysis' (2025), Information Communication and Society [online]
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Smith, J., 'Bystander experiences of online gendered hate' (2022), in A. Powell, A. Flynn & L. Sugiura (Eds.) The Palgrave Handbook of Gendered Violence and Technology (pp. 395-413), Cham: Palgrave Macmillan
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Soral, W., Świderska, A., Puchała, D. & Bilewicz, M., 'Desensitization to hate speech: Examination using heart rate measurement' (2023), Aggressive Behavior [online]
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Stahel, L. & Baier, D., 'Digital Hate Speech Experiences Across Age Groups and Their Impact on Well-Being: A Nationally Representative Survey in Switzerland' (2023), Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 26(7), pp. 519–526
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Stefanelli, F., Menesini, E., Nocentini, A. & Palladino, B.E., 'Exposure to and Speaking Up Against Online Ethnic Hate Speech: The Role of Xenophobia in a Three-Wave Longitudinal Study' (2023), Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking [online]
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Ştefăniţă, O. & Buf, D.-M., 'Hate speech in social media and its effects on the LGBT community: A review of the current research' (2021), Romanian Journal of Communication and Public Relations, 23(1), pp. 47-55
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Storry, K., 'The implications of the Macpherson Report into the death of Stephen Lawrence' (2000), Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 12(1), pp.106-113
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Stotzer, R.L., 'Sexual orientation-based hate crimes on campus: The impact of policy on reporting rates' (2010), Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 7(3), pp.147-154
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Stotzer, R.L., 'Gender identity and hate crimes: Violence against transgender people in Los Angeles County' (2008), Sexuality Research and Social Policy: Journal of NSRC, 5(1), pp.43-52
Stotzer, R.L., 'Violence against transgender people: A review of United States data' (2009), Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14(3), pp.170-179
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Stroińska, M. & Cecchetto, V., 'Can There Be a ‘Safe Haven’ for Trauma Survivors in This Social Media Dominated World?' (2019), Trames, 23(2), pp. 223-238
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Su, D., Alshehri, K. & Lawson, B., 'Association of racism experience with gun purchase during COVID-19: Evidence from a national survey in the United States' (2024), Preventive Medicine Reports, 48, 102926
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Sullaway, M., 'Psychological perspectives on hate crime laws' (2004), Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 10(3), pp.250-292
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Sundberg, K.W., Mitchell, L.M. & Levinson, D., 'Health, Religiosity and Hatred: A Study of the Impacts of COVID-19 on World Jewry' (2022), Journal of Religion and Health [online]
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Syahputra, I., 'Expressions of Hatred and the Formation of Spiral of Anxiety on Social Media in Indonesia' (2019), SEARCH (Malaysia), 11(1), pp. 95-112
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Szymanski, D.M., 'Heterosexism and sexism as correlates of psychological distress in lesbians' (2005), Journal of Counseling & Development, 83(3), pp.355-360
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