Publications
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Spohn, C., 'Race, crime, and punishment in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries' (2015), Crime and Justice, 44(1), pp.49-97
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Sponholz, L., 'Hate Speech in den Massenmedien: Theoretische Grundlagen und empirische Umsetzung' (2018), Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften
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Sponholz, L., 'Hate Speech in Sozialen Medien: Motor der Eskalation?' (2019), in H. Friese, M. Nolden & M. Schreiter (Eds.), Rassismus im Alltag (pp. 157-178). Bielefeld: transcript Verlag (in German only)
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Sponholz, L., 'Der Begriff „Hate Speech“ in der Deutschsprachigen Forschung. Eine Empirische Begriffsanalyse [The Concept “Hate Speech” in German-speaking Research. An Empirical Conceptual Analysis]' (2020), SWS-Rundschau 1, pp. 45-63 [in German only]
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Sponholz, L., & Christofoletti, R., 'From preachers to comedians: Ideal types of hate speakers in Brazil' (2019), Global Media and Communication, 15(1), pp. 67–84
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Šram, Z., 'The development of a 9-item scale to measure anti-immigrant attitude toward the Middle East refugees' (2020), Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology, 22(2), pp. 26-32
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Šramel, B. & Horváth, P., 'Internet as the communication medium of the 21st century: Do we need a special legal regulation of freedom of expression on the internet?' (2021), Lawyer Quarterly, 11(1), pp. 141-157
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Sreelakshmi, K., Premjith, B. & Soman, K.P., 'Detection of Hate Speech Text in Hindi-English Code-mixed Data' (2020), Procedia Computer Science, 171, pp. 737-744
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Sreelakshmi, K., Premjith, B., Chakravarthi, B.R. & Soman, K.P., 'Detection of Hate Speech and Offensive Language CodeMix Text in Dravidian Languages using Cost-Sensitive Learning Approach' (2024), IEEE Access [online]
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Sreelakshmi, K., Premjith, B., Gopalakrishnan, E.A. & Soman, K.P., 'Study of Markov Chains for the Identification of the Hate Contents in Hinglish' (2022), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 446, pp. 215-224
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Srikissoon, T. & Marivate, V., 'Combating Hate: How Multilingual Transformers Can Help Detect Topical Hate Speech' (2023), EPiC Series in Computing, 93, pp. 203-215
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Srinivas, P.Y.K.L, Das, A. & Pulabaigari, V., 'Racists spreader is narcissistic; sexists is Machiavellian Influence of Psycho-Sociological Facets in hate-speech diffusion prediction' (2024), Expert Systems with Applications, 247, 123211
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Sriram, S., Chandran, P.P. & Shrijith, M.R., 'PoSh at SemEval-2023 Task 10: Explainable Detection of Online Sexism' (2023), 17th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, SemEval 2023 - Proceedings of the Workshop, pp. 1276–1281
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Stacey, M., 'The effect of law on hate crime reporting: The case of racial and ethnic violence' (2015), American Journal of Criminal Justice
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Stacey, M., 'Adapting minority group threat to examine the social control of sexual orientation bias' (2018), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(20), pp.3079-3101
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Stacey, M., 'Distinctive characteristics of sexual orientation bias crimes' (2011), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(15), pp.3013-3032
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Stacey, M., Averett, P., & Knox, B,, 'An Exploration of Victimization in the Older Lesbian Population' (2018), Victims and Offenders 13(5), pp. 693-710
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Stacey, M., Carbone-Lopez, K. & Rosenfeld, R., 'Demographic change and ethnically motivated crime: The impact of immigration on anti-Hispanic hate crime in the United States' (2011), Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 27(3), pp.278-298
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Stachowski, C. & Stephenson, R., 'Homophobia and communal coping for HIV risk management among gay men in relationships' (2015), Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 44(2), pp.467-474
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Staetsky, L.D., 'Antisemitism in contemporary Great Britain: A study of attitudes towards Jews and Israel' (2017), Institute for Jewish Policy Research (JPR)
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Staetsky, L.D. & Boyd, J., 'The exceptional case? Perceptions and experiences of Antisemitism among Jews in the United Kingdom' (2014), Institute for Jewish Policy Research.
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Stahel, L. & Baier, D., 'Digital Hate Speech Experiences Across Age Groups and Their Impact on Well-Being: A Nationally Representative Survey in Switzerland' (2023), Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 26(7), pp. 519–526
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Stajnko, J., Siter, D. & Tomažič, L.M., 'Discrimination, freedom of expression and two concepts of liberty: Assessing European legislation criminalizing hate speech' (2024), Hungarian Journal of Legal Studies, 64(2), pp. 288–307
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Standen, E.C., Ward, A. & Mann, T., 'The role of social norms, intergroup contact, and ingroup favoritism in weight stigma' (2024), PLoS ONE, 19(6 June), e0305080
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Standing Committee on Employment, Education and Training, Parliament of Australia – House of Representatives, 'Sticks and stones: Report on violence in Australian schools' (1994)
Standing Committee on Social Issues, Parliament of New South Wales – Legislative Council, 'The nature and extent of school violence' (1995), A Report into Youth Violence in New South Wales (1995), 65
Stanislas, P., 'Policing violent homophobia in the Caribbean and the British Caribbean diaspora: Postcolonial discourses and the limits of postmodernity' (2014), Interventions, 16(1), pp.135-156
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Stanko, E.A., 'Re-conceptualising the policing of hatred: Confessions and worrying dilemmas of a consultant' (2001), Law and Critique, 12(3), pp.309-329
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Stanton-Ife, J., 'Criminalising conduct with special reference to potential offences of stirring up hatred against disabled or transgender persons' (2013), London: Law Commission.
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Staubli, S. & Kivivuori, J., 'Youth crime victimization and religion: Observations from Finland and Switzerland' (2017), Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, pp. 1-10
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Stavros, S., 'The European Commission’s against racism and intolerance new general policy recommendation on combating hate speech' (2017), in J.-P. Jacque, F. Benoit-Rohmer, P. Grigoriou and M.D. Marouda (Eds.), On the international community: Legal, political, diplomatic issues, Liber Amicorum Stelios Perrakis (pp.413-420), I.Sideris
Stechemesser, A., Levermann, A. & Wenz, L., 'Temperature impacts on hate speech online: evidence from 4 billion geolocated tweets from the USA' (2022), The Lancet Planetary Health, 6(9), pp. e714-e725
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Stechemesser, A., Wenz, L. & Levermann, A., 'Corona Crisis Fuels Racially Profiled Hate in Social Media Networks' (2020), EClinicalMedicine, 100372 [online]
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Stechemesser, A., Wenz, L., Kotz, M. & Levermann, A., 'Strong increase of racist tweets outside of climate comfort zone in Europe' (2021), Environmental Research Letters, 16(11), 114001
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Steen, S. & Cohen, M.A., 'Assessing the public’s demand for hate crime penalties' (2004), Justice Quarterly, 21(1), pp.91-124
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Stefanelli, F., Menesini, E., Nocentini, A. & Palladino, B.E., 'Exposure to and Speaking Up Against Online Ethnic Hate Speech: The Role of Xenophobia in a Three-Wave Longitudinal Study' (2023), Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking [online]
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Stefaniak, A. & Winiewski, M., 'Differentiating Between Direct and Indirect Hate Crime: Results From Poland' (2022), Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 10(1), pp. 86-105
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Ştefăniţă, O. & Buf, D.-M., 'Hate speech in social media and its effects on the LGBT community: A review of the current research' (2021), Romanian Journal of Communication and Public Relations, 23(1), pp. 47-55
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Stefanou-Haag, E., 'Antiracism: From legislation to education' (1994), Australian Journal of Human Rights, 1(1), pp.185-197
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Steflja, I., 'Professional Women as Perpetrators: A Conversation with Valérie, “Rwanda’s Voice of Death”' (2024), Journal of Genocide Research [online]
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Stegmeir, M., 'Muslims on campus: College-bound students, schools contend with rising intolerance' (2017), Journal of College Admission, 237, p.34-39
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Stein, A. & Salime, Z., 'Manufacturing Islamophobia: Rightwing pseudo-documentaries and the paranoid style' (2015), Journal of Communication Inquiry, 39(4), pp.378-396
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Stein, M., Perry, B. & Levit, I., 'Punishing “Privilege”: Antisemitic Hate Crime in Canada' (2024), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 39(17-18), pp. 3876–3903
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Steinl, L., 'Hate crime and gender-based violence against women: An introduction from a criminal law perspective' (2019), Zeitschrift fur Rechtssoziologie, 38(2), pp. 179-207
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Stengg, W., 'Digital policy in the EU: Towards a human-centred digital transformation' (2024), Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing
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Stepakoff, J., 'Hate Crime' (2023), in L. Kleinman, S. Scott, S. Phillips & L. Phillips (Eds.) The Forgotten Survivors of Gun Violence: Wounded (pp. 45–48), London: Routledge
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Stern, K.S., 'The need for an interdisciplinary field of hate studies' (2004), Journal of Hate Studies, 3(1), pp. 7-35
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Stern, C. & Ruisch, B.C., 'How Do Pandemic Policies and Communication Shape Intergroup Outcomes? Initial Findings From the COVID-19 Pandemic and Open Questions for Research and Policy' (2023), Perspectives on Psychological Science [online]
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Stern, F.L., 'A New Witch-Hunt: LGBTQIA+ State Persecution by Brazil’s Christian Far-Right' (2024), International Journal of Latin American Religions [online]
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Sterphone, J., '“Mut zu Deutschland!”: On the Populist Nationalism of the Alternative für Deutschland' (2018), in F. López-Alves & D.E. Johnson (Eds.). Populist Nationalism in Europe and the Americas (Chapter 6). New York, NY: Routledge
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