Publications
S
Singh, J., 'Memory, invisibility, and the Oak Creek Gurdwara massacre: A Sikh American perspective of the ‘post-racial’ US' (2013), Sikh Formations: Religion, Culture, Theory, 9(2), pp.215-225
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Singh Gill, S. & Worley, C., 'ʼHow did it go?ʼ Negotiating race, racialisation and identity when teaching issues of race and equality in HE' (2010), Enhancing Learning in the Social Sciences, 2(3)
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Singh, A. & Ray, R., 'Identifying Offensive Content in Social Media Posts' (2021), Communications in Computer and Information Science, 1402 CCIS, pp. 1-8
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Singh, A., Dandona, A. & Sharma, V., 'Societal Refutation and Hate Crimes: Thematic Analysis of Exoticization and Victimization Experiences Among Young Trans People in India' (2022), Youth Voice Journal, 12
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Singh, A., Dandona, A., Sharma, V. & Zaidi, S.Z.H., 'Minority Stress in Emotion Suppression and Mental Distress Among Sexual and Gender Minorities: A Systematic Review' (2022), Annals of Neurosciences [online]
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Singh, D., Gupta, S. & Baghel, R., 'Hate Speech Detection Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques' (2024), Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2128 CCIS, pp. 110–124
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Singh, D., Gupta, S. & Gupta, P., 'Detection of Hate Speech Using Ensemble Models' (2024), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 1021 LNNS, pp. 277–289
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Singh, G.V., Ghosh, S., Firdaus, M., Ekbal, A. & Bhattacharyya, P., 'Unmasking offensive content: a multimodal approach with emotional understanding' (2025), Multimedia Tools and Applications [online]
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Singh, K., Tripathi, M., Agarwal, B. & Sain, A.K., 'Ensemble of Transformer Based Approach for Hate Speech Detection on Twitter Data' (2023), 2023 10th IEEE Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, UPCON 2023, pp. 894–899
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Singh, N.K. & Chand, S., 'Machine Learning-based Multilabel Toxic Comment Classification' (2022), 3rd IEEE 2022 International Conference on Computing, Communication, and Intelligent Systems, ICCCIS 2022, pp. 435-439
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Singh, N.K., Singh, P., Das, P. & Chand, S., 'XRBi-GAC: A hybrid deep learning framework for multilingual toxicity detection' (2023), Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, 45(1), pp. 1409–1421
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Singh, P., Singh, N.K., Monika & Chand, S., 'MBERT-GRU multilingual deep learning framework for hate speech detection in social media' (2023), Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, 44(5), pp. 8177–8192
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Singh, R.K., Sanjay, H.A., Pramod Jain, S.A., Rishi, H. & Bhardwaj, S., 'NLP Based Hate Speech Detection and Moderation' (2023), 7th IEEE International Conference on Computational Systems and Information Technology for Sustainable Solutions, CSITSS 2023 – Proceedings
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Singh, S., Haridasan, A. & Mooney, R., '“Female Astronaut: Because sandwiches won’t make themselves up there!: Towards multi-modal misogyny detection in memes' (2023), Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 150–159
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Singhal, M., Komal, Zeeshan, M., Saini, I. & Nagrath, P., 'Hate Speech Detection Using Glove and BERT' (2025), Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2267 CCIS, pp. 184–194
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Singhal, M., Ling, C., Paudel, P., Thota, P., Kumarswamy, N., Stringhini, G. & Nilizadeh, S., 'SoK: Content Moderation in Social Media, from Guidelines to Enforcement, and Research to Practice' (2023), Proceedings - 8th IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy, Euro S and P 2023, pp. 868–895
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Singleton, B., '“Heave half a brick at him”: Hate crimes and discrimination against Muslim converts in late Victorian Liverpool' (2017), Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs [online], pp.1-13.
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Sinha, A., 'Contours Of Controversy: Analyzing Hate Speech Within The Framework Of Free Speech' (2024), Frontiers in Health Informatics, 13(3), pp. 876–887
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Sinnar, S., 'Hate Crimes, Terrorism, and the Framing of White Supremacist Violence' (2022), California Law Review, 110(2), pp. 489-565
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Sinnar, S., 'The Conundrums of Hate Crime Prevention' (2022), Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 112(4),4, pp. 801-846
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Sipka, A., Hannak, A. & Urman, A., 'Comparing the Language of QAnon-Related Content on Parler, Gab, and Twitter' (2022), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 411-421
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Siqueira, B.B., de Souza, G.C.A., Japur, C.C. & de Oliveira Penaforte, F.R., '“The Other Person Does Not Deserve to be Remembered for the Amount of Fat They Have in Their Bodies”: Representations of Weight Stigma by Overweight Nutrition Students' (2023), Trends in Psychology [online]
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Sir John Jenkins KCMG LVO, 'Defining Islamophobia: A Policy Exchange Research Note' (2018), Policy Exchange
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Sircar, O., 'Proto-Fascism and State Impunity in Majoritarian India: An Interview with Teesta Setalvad' (2020), Jindal Global Law Review (Special Issue) [online]
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Sirichan, K., 'The direct reference theory of pejoratives in hate speech' (2021), Philosophia (Philippines), 22(2), pp. 245-259
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Sirulhaq, A., Yuwono, U. & Muta’ali, A., 'Why do we need a sociocognitive-CDA in hate speech studies? A corpus-based systematic review' (2023), Discourse and Society [online]
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Sischka, K., 'Kriminalpsychologische und psychotherapeutische Aspekte der Prävention von Hasskriminalität' (2016), in Bozay, K. & Borstel, D. (Eds.), Ungleichwertigkeitsideologien in der Einwanderungsgesellschaft (pp. 289-307). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.
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Sisely, D., 'Racial discrimination and crime: How VRAS could assist' (1999), in Victims Referral and Assistance Service, Support for Victims of Crime: Responding to the Challenges of Diversity: Different Cultures; Different Needs (1999), 158
Sivanaiah, R., Angel Deborah, S., Sakaya Milton, R. & Mirnalinee, T.T., 'TechSSN at SemEval-2022 Task 5: Multimedia Automatic Misogyny Identification using Deep Learning Models' (2022), SemEval 2022 - 16th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, Proceedings of the Workshop, pp. 571-574
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Sivarajasingam, V., Read, S., Svobodova, M., Wight, L. & Shepherd, J., 'Injury resulting from targeted violence: An emergency department perspective' (2017), Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health [online], pp.
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Siyuan, C., 'Regulating online hate speech: the Singapore experiment' (2023), International Review of Law, Computers and Technology [online]
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Sjöholm, M., 'International Human Rights Law and Protection Against Gender-Based Harm on the Internet' (2022), Cham: Springer
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Skrzypek, M., 'Between neo-militant and quasi-militant democracy: restrictions on freedoms of speech and the press in Austria, Finland, and Sweden 2008–2019' (2022), European Politics and Society [online]
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Skulley, M., 'Clash of opposites in the racist right' (1992), Sydney Morning Herald (Sydney), 4 January 1992, 45
Slagle, M., 'An ethical exploration of free expression and the problem of hate speech' (2009), Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 24(4), pp.238-250
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Slavin, S., '‘Instinctively, I’m not just a sexual beast’: The complexity of intimacy among Australian gay men ' (2009), Sexualities, 12(1), pp.79-96
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Sleptcov, N., 'Political homophobia as a State strategy in Russia' (2017), Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective, 12(1), pp.140-161
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Sloan, L.M, King, L. & Sheppard, S., 'Hate crimes motivated by sexual orientation' (1998), Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Sciences, 8(3), pp.25-39
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Slootmaeckers, K., 'Unpacking Normative Resonance: The Attitudinal Panopticon and the Implementation Gap of LGBT Rights in Serbia' (2020), Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, jxaa037
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Smallwood, T.L., 'Public theology and violent rhetoric examined in a queer womanist critical ethnography' (2025), London: Bloomsbury
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Smångs, M., 'Interracial status competition and Southern lynching, 1882-1930' (2016), Ethnic and Racial Studies, 39(10), pp.1849-1868
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Smångs, M., 'Doing violence, making race: Southern lynching and White racial group formation' (2016), American Journal of Sociology, 121(5), pp.1329-1374
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Smith, S. J. , 'Negotiating ethnicity in an uncertain environment' (1984), Ethnic and Racial Studies, 7(3), pp.360-373
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Smith, D.E., 'Homophobic and transphobic violence against youth: The Jamaican context' (2017), International Journal of Adolescence and Youth [online], pp.1-9
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Smith, A., 'Moving against hate crime' (2014), The Criminal Law Review, 7, pp.475-476
Smith, C.R., 'Circumventing The “True Threat” And “Viewpoint” Protection Tests to Deal with Persistent Campus Hate Speech' (2020), First Amendment Studies [online]
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Smith, T., 'The Cronulla chaos: Five gloomy explanations' (2006), Australian Quarterly, 78(1), 9
Smith, A., 'Unmasking the state: Racial/gender terror and hate crimes' (2007), Australian Feminist Law Journal, 26(1), pp.47-57
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Smith, G., Licata, G. & Rustagi, I., 'Empowering Product Teams to Advance Inclusive Language and Mitigate Hateful Speech on Social Media Products' (2024), Business and Professional Communication Quarterly [online]
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Smith, J., '“It feels like a mini victory”: alternative routes to justice in experiences of online misogyny' (2023), in N. Booth, I. Masson & L. Baldwin (Eds.) Experiences of Punishment, Abuse and Justice by Women and Families: Volume 2 (pp. 110-131), Bristol, UK: Policy Press
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