Publications
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Bjørgo, T., Jupskås, A.R., Thomassen, G. & Strype, J., 'Patterns and Consequences of Threats Towards Politicians: Results from Surveys of National and Local Politicians in Norway' (2022), Perspectives on Terrorism, 16(6), pp. 100-119
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Black, J., Fletcher, T., Doidge, M., Kearns, C., Kilvington, D., Liston, K., Lynn, T., Rosati, P. & Sinclair, G., '“Let the tournament for the woke begin!”: Euro 2020 and the reproduction of Cultural Marxist conspiracies in online criticisms of the “take the knee” protest' (2023), Ethnic and Racial Studies [online]
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Blackwell, C.W., 'Belief in the ‘free choice’ model of homosexuality: A correlate of homophobia in registered nurses' (2008), Journal of LGBT Health Research, 3(3), pp.31-40
Bladini, M., 'Silenced Voices: Online Violence Targeting Women as a Threat to Democracy' (2020), Nordic Journal on Law and Society (Special Issue: Exploiting Justice in a Transformative Swedish Society), 3(2), pp. 1-42
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Blair Woods, J. & Herman J.L., 'Anti-transgender hate crime' (2014), in Hall, N., Corb, A., Giannasi, P. & Grieve, J. (eds.) (2014) The Routledge International Handbook on Hate Crime. London: Routledge
Blaisdell, B., 'Schools as racial spaces: Understanding and resisting structural racism' (2015), International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education
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Blake, M., 'Geeks and monsters: Bias crimes and social identity' (2001), Law and Philosophy, 20(2), pp.121-139
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Blanco-Alfonso, I., Rodríguez-Fernández, L. & Arce-García, S., 'Polarization and hate speech with gender bias associated with politics: analysis of interactions on Twitter | [Polarización y discurso de odio con sesgo de género asociado a la política: análisis de las interacciones en Twitter]' (2022), Revista de Comunicacion, 21(2), pp. 33-50
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Blanco-Castilla, E., Fernández-Torres, M.-J. & Cano-Galindo, J., 'Disinformation and hate speech toward female sports journalists' (2022), Profesional de la Informacion, 31(6), e310613
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Blanco-Herrero, D. & Calderón, C.A., 'Spread and Reception of Fake News Promoting Hate Speech Against Migrants and Refugees in Social Media: Research Plan for the Doctoral Programme Education in the Knowledge Society' (2019), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 949-955
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Blanco-Herrero, D. & Sánchez-Holgado, P., 'Fake news and hate speech: Who is to blame?: Study of the perceptions of Spanish citizens about the actors responsible for the production and spread of fake news and hate speech' (2021), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 448-451
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Blanco‐Herrero, D., Splendore, S. & Alonso, M.O., 'Southern European Journalists’ Perceptions of Discursive Menaces in the Age of (Online) Delegitimization' (2023), Politics and Governance, 11(2), pp. 210-220
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Blanuša, N. & Kulenović, E., 'Hate speech, contentious symbols and politics of memory: Survey research on Croatian citizens’ attitudes' (2018), Politicka Misao, 55(4), pp. 176-202
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Blaya, C., 'Cyberhate: A review and content analysis of intervention strategies' (2018), Aggression and Violent Behavior [online], pp. 1-10
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Blazak, R., 'Revisiting the White Boys From Portland to Ukraine: Anomie and Right-Wing Extremism' (2022), American Behavioral Scientist [online]
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Blazak, R., 'Isn’t every crime a hate crime?: The case for hate crime laws' (2011), Sociology Compass, 5(4), pp.244-255
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Bledsoe, T.S. & Pacino, M.A., 'One community’s answer to hate' (2013), International Journal of Community Diversity, 12(2), pp.17-23
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Blee, K., 'Positioning hate' (2004), Journal of Hate Studies, 3(1), pp. 95-105
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Blee, K.M., 'Racial violence in the United States' (2005), Ethnic and Racial Studies, 28(4), pp.499-619
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Blee, K.M., 'The microdynamics of hate violence: Interpretive analysis and implications for responses' (2007), American Behavioral Scientist, 51(2), pp.258-270
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Bleich, E., 'The rise of hate speech and hate crime laws in liberal democracies' (2011), Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 37(6), pp.917-934
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Bleich, E., 'Hate crime policy in western Europe – Responding to racist violence in Britain, Germany, and France' (2007), American Behavioral Scientist, 51(2), pp.149-165
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Bleich, E., 'From race to hate: A historical perspective' (2018), in T. Brudholm & B. Schepelern Johansen (Eds), Hate, politics, law: Critical perspectives on combating hate (Chapter 1). New York, NY: Oxford University Press
Bleich, E., 'Hate crime policy in Western Europe: Responding to racist violence in Britain, Germany, and France' (2007), American Behavioral Scientist, 51(2), pp.149-165
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Bleich, E. & Hart, R.K., 'Quantifying hate: The evolution of German approaches to measuring ‘hate crime’' (2008), German Politics, 17(1), pp.63-80
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Bleich, E. & Lambert, F., 'Why are racist associations free in some states and banned in others? Evidence from 10 liberal democracies' (2013), West European Politics, 36(1), pp.122-149
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Blitzer, J., 'Toward an interdisciplinary field of hate studies: Developing a framework' (2005), Journal of Hate Studies, 4(1), pp. 139-149
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Blondeel, K., de Vasconcelos, S., García-Moreno, C., Stephenson, R., Temmerman, M. & Toskin, I., 'Violence motivated by perception of sexual orientation and gender identity: A systematic review' (2018), Bull World Health Organ, 96, pp.29–41
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Bloodsworth-Lugo, M.K. & Lugo-Lugo, C.R., 'The medicalisation of threats, immigration as contagion, and White supremacy in an age of terror' (2022), Critical Studies on Terrorism [online]
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Blosnich, J.R., Marsiglio, M.C., Gao, S., Gordon, A.J., Shipherd, J.C., Kauth, M., Brown, G.R. & Fine, M.J., 'Mental health of transgender veterans in US States with and without discrimination and hate crime legal protection' (2016), American Journal of Public Health, 106(3), pp.534-540
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Bobako, M., 'Semi-peripheral Islamophobias: The political diversity of anti-Muslim discourses in Poland' (2018), Patterns of Prejudice [online]
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Bochorishvili, N., 'Global migration, discrimination, and the internationalization of higher education' (2023), in E. Alaverdov & M.W. Bari (Eds.) Handbook of Research on the Regulation of the Modern Global Migration and Economic Crisis (pp. 277-292), Hershey, PA: IGI Global
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Bocij, P. & McFarlane, L., 'Cyberstalking: The technology of hate' (2003), Police Journal, 76(3), pp.204-221
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Bodden, N., Holec, H.A., Hoß, B., Ziegele, M. & Wilms, L.K., 'Gone for Good? The Effects of Deplatforming on the Online Communication of the Extreme Right Using the Example of the Identitarian Movement | Vom Netz genommen Die Auswirkungen von Deplatforming auf die Online-Kommunikation der extremen Rechten auf Telegram am Beispiel der Identitären Bewegung' (2023), Medien und Kommunikationswissenschaft, 71(3-4), pp. 266–284
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Boden-Albala, B., Ding, X., Ryan, N., Goodman, S., Wing, J., Runnerstrom, M.G., Gutierrez, D., Gibbs, B., Robb, J.M. & Drum, E., 'Anti-Asian racism related stigma, racial discrimination, and protective factors against stigma: a repeated cross-sectional survey among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic' (2023), Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 958932
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Bodroghkozy, A., 'Making #Charlottesville: Media from Civil Rights to Unite the Right' (2023), Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press
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Bodrunova, S.S., Litvinenko, A., Blekanov, I. & Nepiyushchikh, D., 'Constructive aggression? Multiple roles of aggressive content in political discourse on Russian YouTube' (2021), Media and Communication, 9(1), pp. 181-194
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Body-Gendrot, S., 'France' (2008), in J. Winterdyk & G. Antonopoulos (Eds.), Racist victimization: International reflections and perspectives (pp.89-112). Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
Boeckmann, J. & Turpin‐Petrosino, C., 'Understanding the harm of hate crime' (2002), Journal of Social Issues, 58(2), pp.207-225
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Boeckmann, R.J. & Liew, J., 'Hate speech: Asian American students’ justice judgments and psychological responses' (2002), Journal of Social Issues, 58(2), pp.363-381
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Boehme, H.M., Burrow, J.D. & Jung, S., 'An Exploratory Analysis Examining the Relationship Between Protective and Risk Factors of Bullying and Hate Crime Victimization Within Schools' (2024), Journal of School Violence [online]
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Bogle, J.J.J., 'Contemporary discourses on general definitions of antisemitism A review article' (2022), Nordisk Judaistik, 33(2), pp. 38-48
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Bohannan, C., 'On the 50th anniversary of Tinker v. Des Moines: Toward a positive view of free speech on college campuses' (2020), Iowa Law Review, 105(5), pp. 2233-2271
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Bohonos, J.W., 'Workplace hate speech and rendering Black and Native lives as if they do not matter: A nightmarish autoethnography' (2021), Organization [online]
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Boishakhi, F.T., Shill, P.C. & Alam, M.G.R., 'Multi-modal Hate Speech Detection using Machine Learning' (2021), Proceedings - 2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, Big Data 2021, pp. 4496-4499
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Bolaños, R.M., '“Shadow army” and military terrorism in 21st century Germany. The 2017 Der Tag X conspiracy1 | [“Ejército en la sombra” y terrorismo militar en la Alemania del siglo XXI. La conspiración de Der Tag X de 2017]' (2023), Araucaria, 25(52), pp. 13-40
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Boletsi, M., 'Europe and its discontents: Intra-European violence in Dutch literature after 9/11' (2017), in S. Frank (Ed.), 9/11 in European literature (pp.283-321). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
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Bölücü, N. & Özerdem, A., 'Improving Hate Speech Detection: The Impact of Semantic Representations and Preprocessing Techniques | Nefret Söylemi Tespitini Iyileştirmek: Semantik Temsillerin ve Ön Işleme Tekniklerinin Etkisi' (2023), 31st IEEE Conference on Signal Processing and Communications Applications, SIU 2023
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Bommala, H., Bhargavi, P., Yanamadni, V.R., Kumar, Y.J.N. & Pandey, S.D., 'Enhancing Impulsive Hatred Detection with Ensemble Techniques and Active Learning' (2023), E3S Web of Conferences, 430, 01155
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Bonaldi, H., Attanasio, G., Nozza, D. & Guerini, M., 'Weigh Your Own Words: Improving Hate Speech Counter Narrative Generation via Attention Regularization' (2023), Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on CounterSpeech for Online Abuse, CS4OA 2023, pp. 13–28
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