Publications
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Borah, P., Keib, K., Trude, B., Binford, M., Irom, B. & Himelboim, I., '“You are a disgrace and traitor to our country”: incivility against “The Squad” on Twitter' (2022), Internet Research [online]
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Borell, K., 'When is the time to hate? A research review on the impact of dramatic events on Islamophobia and Islamophobic hate crimes in Europe' (2015), Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, pp.1-13
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Borenstein, E., '‘Everybody Hates Russia: On the Uses of Conspiracy Theory under Putin' (2022), Social Research, 89(3), pp. 811-829
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Borgeson, K. & Valeri, R. (Eds.), 'Skinhead history, identity, and culture' (2017), New York, NY: Routledge
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Borkar, T.H. & Ahuja, T., 'Comparative Study of Supervised Learning Algorithms for Fake News Classification' (2022), 2022 6th International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics, ICOEI 2022 – Proceedings, pp. 1405-1411
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Bortone, R. & Cerquozzi, F., 'L’hate speech al tempo di Internet' (2017), Aggiornamenti Sociali, 12/68 [online]
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Bortone, R. & Pistecchia, A., 'Hate speech e antiziganismo. Una riflessione sulle discriminazioni nell’era dei social' (2017), IDOS, Dossier Statistico Immigrazione, Confronti, pp. 233-237
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Bortone, R. & Pistecchia, A., 'Online hate speech, marginalized groups and minorities: Considerations about types of discrimination in the age of social networks and media' (2018), Dynamics and Policies of Prejudice from the Eighteenth to the Twenty-first Century
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Bose, S., 'Hate Speech Detection: Performance Based upon a Novel Feature Detection' (2022), Engineering Proceedings, 31(1), 87
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Bose, S. & Su, G., 'Deep One-Class Hate Speech Detection Model' (2022), 2022 Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, LREC 2022, pp. 7040-7048
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Bose, S. & Su, G., 'LexiFuse+: A Unified One-Class Solution for Imbalanced Short-Text Classification' (2023), Proceedings 2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on e-Science, e-Science 2023
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Bose, S., Su, G. & Liu, L., 'Deep One-Class Fine-Tuning for Imbalanced Short Text Classification in Transfer Learning' (2023), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 14176 LNAI, pp. 339–351
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Bose, T., Aletras, N., Illina, I. & Fohr, D., 'Domain Classification-based Source-specific Term Penalization for Domain Adaptation in Hate-speech Detection' (2022), Proceedings - International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING, 29(1), pp. 6656–6666
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Boske, C., 'Preparing school leaders to interrupt racism at various levels in educational systems' (2015), International Journal of Multicultural Education, 17(1), pp.121-142
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Bostock, J., 'Getting away with murder' (2001), OpenMind, 112, pp.22-23
Botcherby, S., Glen, F., Iganski, P., Jochelson, K. & Lagou, S., 'Equality groups’ perceptions and experience of crime: Analysis of the British Crime Survey 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10' (2011), Manchester: Equality and Human Rights Commission.
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Botelho, A., Hale, S.A. & Vidgen, B., 'Deciphering Implicit Hate: Evaluating Automated Detection Algorithms for Multimodal Hate' (2021), Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021, pp. 1896-1907
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Botella-Gil, B., Sepulveda-Torres, R., Bonet-Jover, A, Martinez-Barco, P. & Saquete, E., 'Semi-automatic dataset annotation applied to automatic violent message detection' (2024), IEEE Access [online]
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Botha, Joanna, 'Go back to Europe! – The Battle of Senekal.' (2020)
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Botha, J., '‘Swartman’: Racial Descriptor or Racial Slur? Rustenburg Platinum Mine v SAEWA obo Bester [2018]' (2020), Constitutional Court Review, 10(1), pp. 353-377
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Botha, J., 'A Hate Crime Model for the South African Context' (2020), in H. Strydom & J. Botha (Eds.) Select Essays on Governance and Accountability Issues in Public Law (pp. 33- 54), Stellenbosch: African Sun Media
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Bouamor, H., Pino, J. & Bali, K. (Eds.), 'Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023' (2023), The 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Singapore (6-10 December 2023)
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Bouamor, H., Pino, J. & Bali, K. (Eds.), 'Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing' (2023), 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Singapore (6-10 December)
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Bouazizi, M., Niida, N. & Ohtsuki, T., 'All-in-One Hate Speech Detectors May Not Be What You Want' (2021), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 3451498, pp. 165-170
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Boulouard, Z., Ouaissa, M. & Ouaissa, M., 'Machine Learning for Hate Speech Detection in Arabic Social Media' (2022), EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing, pp. 147-162
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Boulouard, Z., Ouaissa, M., Ouaissa, M., Krichen, M., Almutiq, M. & Gasmi, K., 'Detecting Hateful and Offensive Speech in Arabic Social Media Using Transfer Learning' (2022), Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 12(24), 12823
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Bourgeade, T., Chiril, P., Benamara, F. & Moriceau, V., 'What Did You Learn To Hate? A Topic-Oriented Analysis of Generalization in Hate Speech Detection' (2023), EACL 2023 - 17th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Proceedings of the Conference, pp. 3477-3490
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Bourne, J., 'Does legislating against racial violence work? ' (2002), Race & Class, 44(2), pp.81-85
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Bourou, M., '“Diversity is a code word. And what it means is white genocide!” The cinematic representation of neofascist rhetoric in four dramatic race-related films' (2022), Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict, 10(1), pp. 219-239
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Bousquet, C., 'Words That Harm: Defending the Dignity Approach to Hate Speech Regulation' (2022), Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence, 35(1), pp. 31-57
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Bouwers, E. (Ed.), 'Catholics and Violence in the Nineteenth-Century Global World' (2023), New York: Routledge
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Bouzerdan, C. & Whitten-Woodring, J., 'Killings in context: An analysis of the news framing of femicide' (2018), Human Rights Review, 19(2), pp.211–228
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Bovet, A. & Grindrod, P., 'Organization and evolution of the UK far-right network on Telegram' (2022), Applied Network Science, 7(1), 76
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Bowker, J. & Ophoff, J., 'Reducing Exposure to Hateful Speech Online' (2022), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 508 LNNS, pp. 630-645
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Bowling, B., 'Racial harassment and the process of victimisation: Conceptual and methodological implications for the Local Crime Survey' (1993), British Journal of Criminology, 33(2), pp.231-250
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Bowling, B., 'Violent racism: Victimization, policing, and social context' (1998), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bowling, B. & Phillips, C., 'Racism, crime and justice' (2002), Harlow: Pearson.
Boyd, E.A., Berk, R.A. & Hamner, K.M., '‘Motivated by hatred or prejudice’: Categorization of hate-motivated crimes in two police divisions' (1996), Law and Society Review, 30(4), pp.819-850
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Boyle, K. & Berridge, S. (Eds.), 'The Routledge Companion to Gender, Media and Violence' (2023), London: Routledge
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Bozay, K. & Borstel, D., 'Ungleichwertigkeitsideologien in der Einwanderungsgesellschaft' (2017), VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
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Bozhidarova, M., Chang, J., Ale-Rasool, A., Liu, Y., Ma, C., Bertozzi, A.L., Brantingham, P.J., Lin, J. & Krishnagopal, S., 'Hate speech and hate crimes: a data-driven study of evolving discourse around marginalized groups' (2023), Proceedings - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, BigData 2023, pp. 3107–3116
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Br Ginting, P.S., Irawan, B. & Setianingsih, C., 'Hate Speech Detection on Twitter Using Multinomial Logistic Regression Classification Method' (2019), Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things and Intelligence System, IoTaIS 2019, 8980379, pp. 105-111
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Braddock, K., 'Vaccinating Against Hate: Using Attitudinal Inoculation to Confer Resistance to Persuasion by Extremist Propaganda' (2019), Terrorism and Political Violence [online]
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Braddock, K., Hughes, B., Goldberg, B. & Miller-Idriss, C., 'Engagement in subversive online activity predicts susceptibility to persuasion by far-right extremist propaganda' (2022), New Media and Society [online]
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Bradley, J.M., 'Sectarianism, anti-sectarianism and Scottish football' (2015), Sport in Society, 18(5), pp.588-603
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Bradley, M.S., 'Symbolizing hate: The extent and influence of organized hate group indicators' (2007), Journal of Crime and Justice, 30(1), pp.1-15
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Brar, G., Sharma, G., Singh, P., Gupta, N., Kalra, N. & Parashar, A., 'NOMA—Non-offensive Messaging Application Framework Using Machine Learning Technique for Online Communication Through Social Media' (2023), Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 316, pp. 315-328
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Brata, D.W., Djunaidy, A. & Siahaan, D.O., 'Comparison of Deep Learning Methods in Detecting Hate Speech in Indonesian Tweets' (2023), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 58–63
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Braun, A., 'Hungary: From “Goulash Communism” to Pluralistic Democracy' (1997), in A. Braun (Ed.) The Extreme Right: Freedom and Security at Risk (pp. 201-219). Abingdon & New York: Routledge
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Braun, A., 'Poland: The Vanguard of Change' (1997), in A. Braun (Ed.) The Extreme Right: Freedom and Security at Risk (pp. 185-200). Abingdon & New York: Routledge
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