Publications
Z
Zannettou, S., Elsherief, M., Belding, E., Nilizadeh, S. & Stringhini, G., 'Measuring and Characterizing Hate Speech on News Websites' (2020), WebSci 2020 - Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Web Science, pp. 125-134
View the publication online
Zapata Rozo, A., Campo-Archbold, A., Díaz-López, D., Gray, I., Pastor-Galindo, J., Nespoli, P., Gómez Mármol, F. & McCoy, D., 'Cyber democracy in the digital age: Characterizing hate networks in the 2022 US midterm elections' (2024), Information Fusion, 110, 102459
View the publication online
Zapata, J. & Deroy, O., 'Ordinary citizens are more severe towards verbal than nonverbal hate-motivated incidents with identical consequences' (2023), Scientific Reports, 13(1), 7126
View the publication online
Zapata, J., Sulik, J., von Wulffen, C. & Deroy, O., 'Bystanders’ collective responses set the norm against hate speech' (2024), Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 335
View the publication online
Zapata-Jiménez, M.A., 'Ismophobia: A Reflection on Hate Today. Challenges in Latin America | Ismofobia: una reflexión sobre el odio en la actualidad. Desafíos en América Latina' (2024), Revista Guillermo de Ockham, 22(1), pp. 171–186
View the publication online
Zapatier, L., Morejón, M., Escobar, S., Jima-González, A.& Cuenca, E., 'Hate Speech Detection in the 2022 Ecuador Strike Using the K-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm' (2024), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 775 LNNS, pp. 151–166
View the publication online
Zappettini, F., 'Europhobia as a trajectory to hate speech normalisation? A diachronic analysis of Brexit media propaganda' (2025), Critical Discourse Studies [online]
View the publication online
Zarmsky, S., 'Is International Criminal Law Ready to Accommodate Online Harm? Challenges and Opportunities' (2024), Journal of International Criminal Justice, 22(1), pp. 169–184
View the publication online
Zaykowski, H., 'Racial disparities in hate crime reporting' (2010), VIolence and Victims, 25(3), pp.378-394
View the publication online
Zaytoon, H.A.R. , 'Caricature images for religious profiling: A multimodal analysis of Islamophobia in selected press images' (2017), Anglica: An International Journal of English Studies, 26(2), pp.185-224
View the publication online
Zee, J., 'Surface and Retreat: The China Virus in Three Lunar Years' (2023), English Language Notes, 61(1), pp. 30-39
View the publication online
Zeller, M.C. & Vaughan, M., 'Proscribing Right-Wing Extremist Organizations in Europe: Variations, Trends, and Prospects' (2023), Terrorism and Political Violence [online]
View the publication online
Zeller, M.H., Reiter-Purtill, J. & Ramey, C., 'Negative peer perceptions of obese children in the classroom environment' (2008), Obesity, 16(4), pp.755-762
View the publication online
Zellerer, E., 'Restorative justice in Indigenous communities: Critical issues in confronting violence against women' (1999), International Review of Victimology, 6, pp.345-358
View the publication online
Zempi, I., 'Negotiating constructions of insider and outsider status in research with veiled muslim women victims of Islamophobic hate crime' (2016), Sociological Research Online, 21(4), Article number 8
View the publication online
Zempi, Irene, 'Tackling religion based hate crime on campus.' (2020)
View the publication online
Zempi, I., 'Veiled Muslim Women’s Responses to Experiences of Gendered Islamophobia in the UK' (2019), International Review of Victimology [online]
View the publication online
Zempi, I., 'Responding to the needs of victims of Islamophobia' (2014), in Chakraborti, N. & Garland, J. (2014) Responding to hate crime: the case for connecting policy and research. Bristol: Policy Press.
Zempi, I., 'The lived experiences of veiled Muslim women as ‘undeserving’ victims of Islamophobia' (2018), in M. Duggan (Ed.), Revisiting the 'ideal victim': Developments in critical victimology (pp.63-82). Bristol: Policy Press.
View the publication online
Zempi, I., 'Nottinghamshire Police: Experiences of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) police officers as victims of hate crimes/incidents (externally) and of bias and prejudice (internally)' (2020), Nottingham Trent University & the Office of Nottinghamshire Police and Crime Commissioner
View the publication online
Zempi, I., 'Covered in stigma? Exploring the impacts of Islamophobic hate crime on veiled Muslim women globally' (2016), in J. Schweppe & M.A. Walters, The globalization of hate: Internationalizing hate crime? (pp.111-125), Oxford: Oxford University Press
View the publication online
Zempi, I. & Awan, I., 'The Routledge International Handbook of Islamophobia' (2019), Routledge
View the publication online
Zempi, I. & Chakraborti, N., 'Islamophobia, victimisation and the veil' (2014), Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Zempi, I. & Chakraborti, N., 'Criminalising oppression or reinforcing oppression? The implications of Veil Ban Laws for Muslim women in the West' (2013), Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly, 64(1), pp.63-74
View the publication online
Zempi, I. & Chakraborti, N., 'The veil under attack: Gendered dimensions of Islamophobic victimisation' (2012), International Review of Victimology, 18(3), pp.269-284
View the publication online
Zempi, I. & Chakraborti, N., '‘They make us feel like we’re a virus’: The multiple impacts of Islamophobic hostility towards veiled Muslim women' (2015), International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 4(3), pp.44-56
View the publication online
Zempi, I. & Smith, J. (Eds.), 'Misogyny as Hate Crime' (2021), London: Routledge
View the publication online
Zeng, H., Zeng, X., Wang, Y. & Zhou, B., 'Target-Specific Hate Trend Prediction on Social Network' (2025), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 15437 LNCS, pp. 41–55
View the publication online
Zerback, T. & Karadas, N., 'They will hate us for this: effects of media coverage on Islamist terror attacks on Muslims’ perceptions of public opinion, perceived risk of victimization, and behavioral intentions' (2023), Human Communication Research, 49(3), pp. 227–237
View the publication online
Zhang, E., 'Deep learning for hate speech detection' (2022), Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 12163, 1216346
View the publication online
Zhang, C., 'Perceiving racial hate crimes: a power-relation perspective' (2022), Journal of Experimental Criminology [online]
View the publication online
Zhang, A. & Ong, C., '“We Are Bulletproof”: The Transcultural Power of Fandom in #StopAsianHate' (2024), Sociological Inquiry [online]
View the publication online
Zhang, C., 'Constructing Hate Crimes: Does Respondent’s Racial/Ethnic Identity Matter?' (2024), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
View the publication online
Zhang, C. & Zhang, B., 'Willingness to report hate crimes: How attitudes, police perceptions, and sexual orientation shape bystander response' (2025), Journal of Criminal Justice, 97, 102375
View the publication online
Zhang, C., Abdul-Mageed, M. & Jawahar, G., 'Contrastive Learning of Sociopragmatic Meaning in Social Media' (2023), Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 2405–2439
View the publication online
Zhang, E., Hyun, S., Yip, T., Hahm, H.C. & Liu, C.H., 'Learning about discrimination during childhood: Implications for racial trauma among Asians and Asian Americans during the pandemic' (2022), Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 77, 103250
View the publication online
Zhang, J., 'A neurocomputational variable on welfare tradeoffs explains the function and form of cyberaggression' (2023), Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 17, 1034564
View the publication online
Zhang, J., 'Sexual disgust sensitivity mediates the sex difference in support of censoring hate speech' (2019), Personality and Individual Differences, 145, pp.89-96
View the publication online
Zhang, L., Jin, L., Sun, X., Xu, G., Zhang, Z., Li, X., Lui, N., Liu, Q. & Yan, S., 'TOT: Topology-Aware Optimal Transport for Multimodal Hate Detection' (2023), Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2023, 37, pp. 4884–4892
View the publication online
Zhang, L., Jin, L., Xu, G., Li, X. & Sun, X., 'COT: A Generative Approach for Hate Speech Counter-Narratives via Contrastive Optimal Transport' (2024), IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence [online]
View the publication online
Zhang, M., He, J., Ji, T. & Lu, C.-T., 'Don’t Go To Extremes: Revealing the Excessive Sensitivity and Calibration Limitations of LLMs in Implicit Hate Speech Detection' (2024), Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 1, pp. 12073–12086
View the publication online
Zhang, X., Sachdev, A., Dzotsenidze, N., Yu, X. & Kong, P.A., 'Anti-Asian Racism during COVID-19: Emotional Challenges, Coping, and Implications for Asian American History Teaching' (2023), Education Sciences, 13(9), 903
View the publication online
Zhang, Y. & Trifiro, B., 'Who Portrayed It as “The Chinese Virus”? An Analysis of the Multiplatform Partisan Framing in U.S. News Coverage About China in the COVID-19 Pandemic' (2022), International Journal of Communication, 16, pp. 1027-1050
View the publication online
Zhang, Y., Zhang, L. & Benton, F., 'Hate Crimes against Asian Americans' (2021), American Journal of Criminal Justice [online]
View the publication online
Zhang, Z. & Luo, L., 'Hate Speech Detection: A Solved Problem? the Challenging Case of Long Tail on Twitter' (2019), Semantic Web, 10(5), pp. 925-945
View the publication online
Zhao, P., 'Minor Feelings in the Wake of the Atlanta Attack: How a Mom of Asian Descent Spent the First 100 hours in the Aftermath' (2021), Cultural Studies - Critical Methodologies [online]
View the publication online
Zhao, Z., Zhang, Z. & Hopfgartner, F., 'Utilizing subjectivity level to mitigate identity term bias in toxic comments classification' (2022), Online Social Networks and Media, 29, 100205
View the publication online
Zheng, J. & Zompetti, J.P., '‘I’m not a virus’: Asian hate in Donald Trump’s rhetoric' (2023), Asian Journal of Communication, 33(5), pp. 470–503
View the publication online
Zhong, W., Wu, Q., Lu, G., Xue, Y. & Hu, X., 'Keyword-Enhanced Multi-Expert Framework for Hate Speech Detection' (2022), Mathematics, 10(24), 4706
View the publication online
Zhou, L., Caines, A., Pete, I. & Hutchings, A., 'Automated hate speech detection and span extraction in underground hacking and extremist forums' (2023), Natural Language Engineering, 29(5), pp. 1247–1274
View the publication online