Publications
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Burney, E. & Rose, G., 'Racist offences – how is the law working?: The implementation of the legislation on racially aggravated offences in the Crime and Disorder Act 1998' (2002), Home Office Research Study 244. London: Home Office
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Burnham, S.L.F., Arbeit, M.R. & Hilliard, L.J., 'The Subtle Spread of Hateful Memes: Examining Engagement Intentions Among Parents of Adolescents' (2022), Social Media and Society, 8(2)
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Burns, S.L., Harper, S.R., Hildebrand, E.S. & Moore, M.N., 'Behavioural responses to hate crimes: A study of Asians and Asian Americans on a university campus' (2000), Journal of the Indiana University Student Personnel Association, pp.64-78
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Burridge, A., Sacks, J. & Warner, M., 'Confronting religious violence: A counternarrative' (2018), Waco: Baylor University Press, 2018, Project MUSE
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Burt, C.H., Simons, R.L. & Gibbons, F.X., 'Racial discrimination, ethnic-racial socialization, and crime: A micro-sociological model of risk and resilience' (2012), American Sociological Review, 77(4), pp.648-677
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Burton, M., Marshal, P., Chisolm, J., Sucato, S. & Friedman, S., 'Sexual minority-related victimization as a mediator of mental health disparities in sexual minority youth: A longitudinal analysis' (2013), Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(3), pp.394-402
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Busuioc, G.-R., Paraschiv, A. & Dascalu, M., 'FB-RO-Offense – A Romanian Dataset and Baseline Models for Detecting Offensive Language in Facebook Comments' (2022), Proceedings - 2022 24th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, SYNASC 2022, pp. 133–142
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Butler, J., 'Excitable speech: A politics of the performative' (2021), London: Routledge
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Butler, L., Parada-Mayorga, A. & Ribeiro, A., 'Convolutional Learning on Multigraphs' (2023), IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing [online]
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Butler, O. & Turenne, S., 'The regulation of hate speech online and its enforcement – a comparative outlook' (2022), Journal of Media Law [online]
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Büttner, C., 'Follow-up of right-wing violence for those affected and possibilities for support by specialized victim counseling centers' (2018), Knowledge Creates Democracy - Open Access Series of the IDZ
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Byers, B. D., Warren-Gordon, K. & Jones, J. A., 'Predictors of hate crime prosecutions: An analysis of data from the National Prosecutors Survey and state-level bias crime laws' (2012), Race and Justice, 2(3), pp.203-219
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Byers, B., Crider, B.W. & Biggers, G.K., 'Bias crime motivation: A study of hate crime and offender neutralization techniques used against the Amish' (1999), Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 15(1), pp.78-96
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Byers, B.D. & Crider, B.W., 'Hate crimes against the Amish: A qualitative analysis of bias motivation using routine activities theory' (2002), Deviant Behavior, 23(2), pp.115-148
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Byers, B.D. & Zeller, R.A., 'Official hate crime statistics: An examination of the “epidemic hypothesis”' (2001), Journal of Crime and Justice, 24(2), pp.73-85
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Byers, B.D. & Zeller, R.A., 'An examination of official hate crime offense and bias motivation statistics for 1991-1994' (1997), Journal of Crime and Justice, 20(1), pp.91-106
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Byers, B.D., & Jones, J.A., 'The impact of the terrorist attacks of 9/11 on anti-Islamic hate crime' (2007), Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, 5(1), pp.43-56
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Byman, D., 'Spreading Hate: The Global Rise of White Supremacist Terrorism' (2022), Oxford: Oxford University Press
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Byoung-Chul, M., Park, K.I., Oh, K.S. & Yun, S.Y., 'Influence of Experience of Positive Commenting Activity (Sunfull) on Aggression and Hate Speech of Korean Adolescents' (2023), Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 12(3), pp. 250–261
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Byrd, M.Y. & Scott, C.L. (Eds.), 'Diversity in the Workforce: Current Issues and Emerging Trends' (2024), New York: Routledge
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Byrd, R., Dolbier, C., Whited, M. & Carels, R.A., 'The Role of Weight Stigma in Health Care Avoidance and Mistrust Among Pregnant Women' (2023), Stigma and Health [online]
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Cabeldue, M. K., Cramer, R. J., Kehn, A., Crosby, J. W. & Anastasi, J. S., 'Measuring attitudes about hate: Development of the hate crime beliefs scale' (2016), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, pp.1-30
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Cabeldue, M. K., Cramer, R. J., Kehn, A., Crosby, J. W., & Anastasi, J. S., 'Measuring Attitudes About Hate: Development of the Hate Crime Beliefs Scale' (2018), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(23), pp.3656–3685
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Cabellos Espiérrez, M.Á., 'Freedom of expression and legal limits: A new stage along the road towards establishing constitutionally consistent interpretative criteria | [Libertad de expresión y límites penales: Una nueva fase en el camino hacia la fijación de criterios interpretativos constitucionalmente coherentes]' (2020), Revista Catalana de Dret Public, 2020(61), pp. 30-49
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Cáceres-Zapatero, M.-D., Brändle, G. & Paz-Rebollo, M.-A., 'Stances on hate speech: Population opinions and attitudes | Posicionarse ante el discurso de odio: opiniones y actitudes de la población' (2023), Profesional de la Informacion, 32(4), e320410
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Cahyana, N.H., Saifullah, S., Fauziah, Y., Aribowo, A.S. & Drezewski, R., 'Semi-supervised Text Annotation for Hate Speech Detection using K-Nearest Neighbors and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency' (2022), International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 13(10), pp. 147-151
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Cahyana, R., Maulidevi, N.U. & Surendro, K., 'A Framework for Actor-Oriented Automated Hate Speech Detection' (2023), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 283–289
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Cai, L., 'Analysis of Hate Crime Rates in the United States: Statistical Modeling of Public Safety Issues Based on Socioeconomic Factors' (2021), Proceedings - 2021 International Conference on E-Commerce and E-Management, ICECEM 2021, pp. 388-392
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Cai, J., Chowdhury, S., Zhou, H. & Wohn, D.Y., 'Hate Raids on Twitch: Understanding Real-Time Human-Bot Coordinated Attacks in Live Streaming Communities' (2023), Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 7(CSCW2), 3610191
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Cai, Y., Zimek, A., Wunder, G. & Ntoutsi, E., 'Power of Explanations: Towards automatic debiasing in hate speech detection' (2022), Proceedings - 2022 IEEE 9th International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics, DSAA 2022
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Caiani, M., Carlotti, B. & Padoan, E., 'Online Hate Speech and the Radical Right in Times of Pandemic: The Italian and English Cases' (2021), Javnost [online]
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Cainkar, L. & Najeeb, J., 'Taking on Hate: Muslim Women Build a Community-Driven Hate Watch' (2019), Journal of Middle East Women's Studies, 15(3), pp. 402-408
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Calandín, J.G., 'Combatting hate speech in democratic and pluralistic societies | [Combatir los discursos del odio en sociedades democráticas y pluralistas]' (2022), Isegoria, (67), e01
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Caldera, H.M.M., Meedin, G.S.N. & Perera, I., 'A peer recommendation model to avoid hate speech engagements in multiplex social networks' (2020), 2020 From Innovation to Impact, FITI 2020
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Caldera, H.M.M., Meedin, G.S.N. & Perera, I., 'Time series based trend analysis for hate speech in Twitter during COVID 19 pandemic' (2020), 20th International Conference on Advances in ICT for Emerging Regions, ICTer 2020 – Proceedings, 9325491, pp. 286-287
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Calderón, C.A., de la Vega, G. & Herrero, D.B., 'Topic Modeling and Characterization of Hate Speech Against Immigrants on Twitter Around the Emergence of a Far-Right Party in Spain' (2020), Social Sciences, 9(11),188, pp. 1-19
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Calderón, F.H., Balani, N., Taylor, J., Peignon, M., Huang, Y.-H. & Chen, Y.-S., 'Linguistic patterns for code word resilient hate speech identification' (2021), Sensors, 21(23), 7859
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Caldevilla-Domínguez, D., Barrientos-Báez, A. & Padilla-Castillo, G., 'Dilemmas Between Freedom of Speech and Hate Speech: Russophobia on Facebook and Instagram in the Spanish Media' (2023), Politics and Governance, 11(2), pp. 147-159
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Calhoun, A.J., 'The Black Youth Hospital Crisis – A Call for Hate-Speech Protocols' (2023), The New England journal of medicine, 389(26), pp. e58
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Callander, D., Newman, C.E. & Holt, M., 'Is sexual racism really racism? Distinguishing attitudes toward sexual racism and generic racism among gay and bisexual men' (2015), Archives of Sexual Behavior
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Callender, K.A., 'Understanding antigay bias from a cognitive-affective-behavioral perspective' (2015), Journal of Homosexuality, pp.1-22
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Caltekin, D.A., 'Reinforcing gender stereotypes through legal Defence: the application of unjust provocation Defence in hate-motivated killings of LGBTQI in Turkey' (2022), Crime, Law and Social Change [online]
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Calzolari, N., Kan, M.-Y., Hoste, V., Lenci, A., Sakti, S. & Xue, N. (Eds.), 'Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024)' (2024), ELRA and ICCL, Torino, Italy, May 2024
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Cam, N.B. & Ozgur, A., 'Evaluation of ChatGPT and BERT-based Models for Turkish Hate Speech Detection' (2023), UBMK 2023 - Proceedings: 8th International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering, pp. 229–233
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Cámara, M., 'Hate Speech. An Installation and Three Hypotheses | Discurso de ódio. Uma instalação e três hipóteses' (2023), Cuadernos de Literatura, 27
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Camden Council, '“Camden: No place for hate”: An executive summary report on hate crime in Camden' (2015)
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Cameron, L. & Swift, H., 'One Globe Kids in action: Evaluating an online platform for changing social attitudes in young children' (2017), Equality and Human Rights Commission
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Cameron-Gardos, P., 'The brotherhood of hate: Hyper-masculinity, same-sex desire and far-right identity in Brotherhood' (2022), DiGeSt - Journal of Diversity and Gender Studies, 9(2), pp. 41–53
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Campaign Against Antisemitism, 'National Antisemitic Crime Audit 2016 in review' (2017)
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Campbell, R., 'Beyond hate: Policing sex work, protection and hate crime' (2017), in T. Sanders & M. Laing, Policing the sex industry: Protection, paternalism and politics. New York, NY: Routledge
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