Publications
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Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B., Baczkowska, A., Dontcheva-Navrátilová, O., Liebeskind, C., Valūnaitė Oleškevičienė G., Zitnik, S., Trojszczak, M., Povolná, R., Selmistraitis, L., Utka, A. & Gudelis, D., 'LLOD schema for Simplified Offensive Language Taxonomy in multilingual detection and applications' (2023), Lodz Papers in Pragmatics, 19(2), pp. 301–324
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Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B., Bączkowska, A., Liebeskind, C., Valunaite Oleskeviciene, G. & Žitnik, S., 'An integrated explicit and implicit offensive language taxonomy' (2023), Lodz Papers in Pragmatics, 19(1), pp. 7–48
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Lewis, C. S., 'Tough on hate?: The cultural politics of hate crimes' (2013), New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press
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Lewis, C.S., 'Tough-on-crime tolerance: The cultural criminalization of bigotry in the Post-Civil Rights Era' (2012), Critical Criminology, 20(3), pp.275-292
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Lewis, T.T., Kravitz, H.M., Janssen, I. & Powell, L.H., 'Self-reported experiences of discrimination and visceral fat in middle-aged African-American and caucasian women' (2011), American Journal of Epidemiology, 173(11), pp.1223-1231
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Lewulis, P., 'Detecting online offenders: A case study of social media hate speech investigations' (2024), in P. Waszkiewicz (Ed.) Social Media and Law Enforcement Practice in Poland: Insights into Practice outside Anglophone Countries (pp. 93–108), New York: Routledge
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Leyva, K. J., 'France’s Secularism: Navigating Security and Rights' (2024), Politics and Rights Review (13 June)
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Li, M., 'Exemplifying Power Matters: The Impact of Power Exemplification of Transgender People in the News on Issue Attribution, Dehumanization, and Aggression Tendencies' (2021), Journalism Practice [online]
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Li, C., 'Automatic Hate Speech Detection Based on BERT and CNN' (2024), 5th International Conference on Big Data Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things Engineering, ICBAIE 2024, pp. 604–607
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Li, C., Zhang, M. & Zheng, M., 'PRCD: A full-chain parallel residual compensation debiasing framework' (2025), Expert Systems with Applications, 291, 128544
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Li, J.-Y., Tao, W. & Lee, Y., 'Corporate Responsibility to Race (CRR) and Its Effect on Public Engagement in Activism Against anti-Asian Hate: The Role of Perceived CRR Authenticity and Issue Importance' (2025), International Journal of Strategic Communication [online]
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Li, K., 'An Evaluation of Automation on Misogyny Identification(AMI) and Deep-Learning Approaches for Hate Speech -Highlight on Graph Convolutional Networks and Neural Networks' (2022), Proceedings - 2022 International Conference on Computers, Information Processing and Advanced Education, CIPAE 2022, pp. 239-244
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Li, K., 'No More 24! Female Chinese Homecare Workers’ Fight to Abolish 24-Hour Work Shift in New York City' (2025), Amerasia Journal [online]
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Li, L., Kang, J., Ho, M., Li, A., Shih, J.J., Yeh, J. & Smith, A., 'Anti-Asian Hate and the Health of Older Asian Individuals' (2024), JAMA Internal Medicine [online]
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Li, L., Kang, J., Nguyen, B., Ho, M., Li, A.T., Shih, J.J., Kotwal, A., Yeh, J., Karliner, L., Jeung, R. & Smith, A., '“Hate has chipped away at my sense of security”: A survey study of the impacts of anti-Asian hate on the health of older Asians' (2024), Journal of the American Geriatrics Society [online]
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Li, M., Liao, S., Okpala, E., Tong, M., Costello, M., Cheng, L., Hu, H. & Luo, F., 'COVID-HateBERT: A Pre-trained Language Model for COVID-19 related Hate Speech Detection' (2021), Proceedings - 20th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, ICMLA 2021, pp. 233-238
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Li, S. & Li, Z., 'Hate Speech Detection and Online Public Opinion Regulation Using Support Vector Machine Algorithm: Application and Impact on Social Media' (2025), Information Switzerland, 16(5), 344
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Li, S., Zaidi, N.A., Liu, Q. & Li, G., 'Neighbours and Kinsmen: Hateful Users Detection with Graph Neural Network' (2021), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 12712 LNAI, pp. 434-446
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Li, X., 'Hate speech against women on social media: Case study analysis in Asia' (2024), Environment and Social Psychology, 9(12), 3220
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Li, Y., Jiang, B., Shu, K. & Liu, H., 'Toward A Multilingual and Multimodal Data Repository for COVID-19 Disinformation' (2020), Proceedings - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, Big Data 2020, 9378472, pp. 4325-4330
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Li, Z., 'Semantic Similarity vs. Sentiment Analysis – What Suits Better in Identifying Hate Speech on Twitter?' (2025), Lecture Notes in Operations Research, Part F876, pp. 1121–1134
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Li, Z., Hu, G. & Li, Q., 'Impact of Social Identity Complexity in Unfair Events on Intergroup Bias in Third-Party Fairness Maintenance' (2023), Behavioral Sciences, 13(6), 456
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Liang, C.S., 'Far-Right Contagion: The Global Challenge of Transnational Extremist Networks' (2022), in A.J. Masys (Ed.) Handbook of Security Science (pp. 1001-1037), Cham: Springer
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Liang, X., Huang, Y., Liu, W., Zhu, H., Liang, Z. & Chen, L., 'TRICAN: Multi-Modal Hateful Memes Detection with Triplet-Relation Information Cross-Attention Network' (2022), Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2022-July
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Liapis, C.M., Karanikola, A. & Kotsiantis, S., 'Enhancing sentiment analysis with distributional emotion embeddings' (2025), Neurocomputing, 634, 129822
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Libby, C., 'Sympathy, Fear, Hate Trans-Exclusionary Radical Feminism and Evangelical Christianity' (2022), Transgender Studies Quarterly, 9(3), pp. 425-442
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Liebe, U., Hundeshagen, C., Beyer, H. & Cramon-Taubadel, S.V., 'Context effects and the temporal stability of stated preferences' (2016), Social Science Research, 60, pp.135-147
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Lieberman, M., 'Hate crime laws: Punishment to fit the crime: A response to Jesse Larner' (2010), Dissent, 57(3), pp.81-84
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Lieberman, J.D., Arndt, J., Personius, J. & Cook, A., 'Vicarious annihilation: The effect of mortality salience on perceptions of hate crimes' (2001), Law and Human Behaviour, 25(6), pp.547-566
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Liebowitz, J. (Ed.), 'Regulating Hate Speech Created by Generative AI' (2024), New York: Auerbach Publications
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Liern, G.R., 'Glorification of terrorism: From the De Juana Chaos case to César Strawberry: From reception of the constitutional doctrine in the Supreme Court’s case law | [El enaltecimiento del terrorismo: Desde el caso de Juana Chaos a CÉsar Strawberry. La recepción de la doctrina constitucional en la jurisprudencia del tribunal supremo]' (2020), Revista de Derecho Politico, (109), pp. 191-227
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Liern, G.R., 'Social Networks and Hate Speech: An International Perspective | [Redes Sociales y Discurso del Odio: Perspectiva Internacional]' (2020), Revista de Internet, Derecho y Politica, (31)
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Liern, G.R., '“Democratic memory” versus ideological freedom: retrospective militant democracy │ “Memoria democrática” versus libertad ideológica: la democracia militante retrospectiva' (2023), Revista de Derecho Politico, (118), pp. 121–143
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Light, M. & Iceland, J., 'The social context of racial boundary negotiations: Segregation, hate crime, and Hispanic racial identification in Metropolitan America' (2016), Sociological Science, 3, pp.61-84
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Liguori, J.B. & Spanierman, L.B., 'Walking out on hate: A qualitative investigation of how and why White supremacists quit hate groups' (2022), Journal of Counseling Psychology, 69(4), pp. 389-402
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Liguori, J.B. & Spanierman, L.B., 'Outsider Women: Understanding Women’s Roles in White Supremacist Deradicalization' (2023), Journal for Deradicalization, (37), pp. 41–71
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Liguori, J.B. & Spanierman, L.B., 'From Out of the Shadows: Understanding Women’s Experiences of White Supremacist Deradicalization' (2025), Peace and Conflict [online]
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Lijo J, J. & Chandran R, A., 'Season of Hate and Intolerance: Revisiting Ambedkar and Periyar’s Path to Social Justice' (2025), Peace Review [online]
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Likupe, G., 'Experiences of African nurses and the perception of their managers in the NHS' (2015), Journal of Nursing Management, 23(2), pp.231-241
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Lilienthal, G. & Ahmad, N., 'Hate crime and social media in the UK' (2016), Computer and Telecommunications Law Review, 22(7), pp.188-193
Lilleker, D. & Pérez‐Escolar, M., 'Demonising Migrants in Contexts of Extremism: Analysis of Hate Speech in UK and Spain' (2023), Politics and Governance, 11(2), pp. 127-137
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Lim, S.S., 'Manufacturing Hate 4.0: Can Media Studies Rise to the Challenge?' (2020), Television and New Media, 21(6), pp. 602-607
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Lim, H., Lee, C.S. & Kim, C., 'COVID-19 Pandemic and Anti-Asian Racism & Violence in the 21st Century' (2022), Race and Justice [online]
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Lin, H., Nalluri, P., Li, L., Sun, Y. & Zhang, Y., 'Multiplex Anti-Asian Sentiment before and during the Pandemic: Introducing New Datasets from Twitter Mining' (2022), WASSA 2022 - 12th Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment and Social Media Analysis, Proceedings of the Workshop, pp. 16-24
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Lin, J., 'Leveraging World Knowledge in Implicit Hate Speech Detection' (2022), NLP4PI 2022 - 2nd Workshop on NLP for Positive Impact, Proceedings of the Workshop, pp. 31-39
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Lin, K.-Y., Lee, R.K.-W., Gao, W. & Peng, W.-C., 'Early Prediction of Hate Speech Propagation' (2021), IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops, ICDMW, 2021-December, pp. 967-974
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Lincoln, R., 'Book reviews (Faces of hate: Hate crime in Australia by Cunneen, C. et al.)' (1999), Journal of Sociology, 35(1), pp.100-102
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Lindenmayr, M., Kusen, E. & Strembeck, M., '‘Stronger than Hate’: On the Dissemination of Hate Speech during the 2020 Vienna Terrorist Attack' (2021), 2021 8th International Conference on Social Network Analysis, Management and Security, SNAMS 2021
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Lindsay, A., 'Swallowing the Black Pill: Involuntary Celibates’ (Incels) Anti-Feminism within Digital Society' (2022), International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 11(1), pp. 210-224
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Lindsay, T. & Danner, S., 'Accepting the unacceptable: The concept of acceptance in work with the perpetrators of hate crime' (2008), European Journal of Social Work, 11(1), pp.43-56
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