Publications: Causes of hate crime
A
Abrams, D., Swift, H.J. & Mahmood, L., 'Prejudice and unlawful behaviour: Exploring levers for change' (2016), Equality and Human Rights Commission, Research report 101
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Adam, B.D., 'Theorizing homophobia' (1998), Sexualities, 1(4), pp.387-404
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Ahmed, S., 'The organisation of hate' (2001), Law and Critique, 12(3), pp.345-365
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Aho, J.A., 'Out of hate: A sociology of defection from neo-Nazism' (1988), Current Research on Peace and Violence, 11(4), pp.159-168
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Akiba, D., Lopez, A.S.V. & Hirano, M., 'The nature of anti-Asian American xenophobia during the coronavirus pandemic: A preliminary exploration into envy as a key motivator of hate' (2021), Behavioral Sciences, 11(11), 158
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Alvarez-Benjumea & A., Winter, F., 'The Breakdown of Antiracist Norms: A Natural Experiment on Hate Speech After Terrorist Attacks' (2020), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(37), pp. 22800-22804
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Álvarez-Benjumea, A., 'Uncovering hidden opinions: social norms and the expression of xenophobic attitudes' (2023), European Sociological Review, 39(3), pp. 449-463
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Amjad, N. & Wood, A.M., 'Identifying and changing the normative beliefs about aggression which lead young Muslim adults to join extremist anti-Semitic groups in Pakistan' (2009), Aggressive Behavior, 35(6), pp.514-519
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Anderson, D.M., Crost, B. & Rees, D.I., 'Do Economic Downturns Fuel Racial Animus?' (2020), Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 175, pp. 9-18
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Anderson, J.F., Dyson, L. & Brookes, W., 'Preventing hate crime and profiling hate crime offenders' (2002), The Western Journal of Black Studies, 26(3), pp.140-148
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Ang, D., 'The Birth of a Nation: Media and Racial Hate' (2023), American Economic Review, 113(6), pp. 1424–1460
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Angioli, M., 'Collapse of the sense of continuity of being, narcissistic filiation and right-wing extremism | Effondrement du sentiment de continuité d’être, filiation narcissique et radicalités' (2024), Dialogue, 244(2), pp. 67–81
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Arcila Calderón, C., Sánchez Holgado, P., Gómez, J., Barbosa, M., Qi, H., Matilla, A., Amado, P., Guzmán, A., López-Matías, D. & Fernández-Villazala, T., 'From online hate speech to offline hate crime: the role of inflammatory language in forecasting violence against migrant and LGBT communities' (2024), Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1369
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Arcila-Calderón, C., Blanco-Herrero, D., Frías-Vázquez, M. & Seoane, F., 'Refugees welcome? Online hate speech and sentiments in Twitter in Spain during the reception of the boat Aquarius' (2021), Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(5), 2728, pp. 1-17
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Ardley, J., 'Hate crimes: A brief review' (2005), The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 25(12), pp.54-66
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B
Bajpai, G.S., Pal, G., Singh, T. & Tambe, A., 'Hate Crime in India: Understanding Nuanced Discrimination Against North-Eastern Population' (2023), Cham: Springer
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Bajraktari, H., 'Human rights and good governance to identify hate crimes on social networks' (2023), Corporate Law and Governance Review, 5(1), pp. 151-157
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Baradaran, S., 'Race, prediction, and discretion' (2013), George Washington Law Review, 81(1), pp.157-222
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Barna, I., 'The genealogy of social hatred' (2022), Hungarian Journal of Legal Studies [online]
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Battle, J. & Lemelle, A.J., 'Gender differences in African American attitudes toward gay males' (2002), The Western Journal of Black Studies, 26(3), pp.134-139
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Belgioioso, M., Dworschak, C. & Gleditsch, K.S., 'Local deprivation predicts right-wing hate crime in England' (2023), PLoS ONE, 18(9 September), e0289423
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Benier, K., 'Understanding hate: Hate crime in Brisbane neighbourhoods' (2021), in R. Wickes & L. Mazerolle (Eds.) Handbook for Counselors Serving Students with Gifts and Talents: Development, Relationships, School Issues, and Counseling Needs/Interventions (pp. 47-62), London: Routledge
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Berk, R.A., Boyd, E.A. & Hamner, K.M., 'Thinking more clearly about hate-motivated crimes' (1992), Herek, G.M. & Berrill, K. (eds.), 'Hate Crimes: Confronting Violence Against Lesbians and Gay Men' (1992), USA: Sage Publications
Berman, A. & Robinson, S., 'Speaking out: Stopping homophobic and transphobic abuse in Queensland' (2010), Brisbane: Australian Academic Press
Bernatzky, C., Costello, M. & Hawdon, J., 'Who Produces Online Hate?: An Examination of the Effects of Self-Control, Social Structure, & Social Learning' (2021), American Journal of Criminal Justice [online]
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Bhai Patel, A., Kumar, S. & Sivakumar, V., 'Determinants of Hate Crime Against Religiously and Socially Marginalized Groups in India' (2024), Crime and Delinquency [online]
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Bhandari, M.P. (Ed.), 'Social Inequality: Past, Present and Future' (2024), Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers
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Bjørgo, T. & Mareš, M., 'Vigilantism against Migrants and Minorities' (2019), Abingdon: Routledge
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Blackwell, C.W., 'Belief in the ‘free choice’ model of homosexuality: A correlate of homophobia in registered nurses' (2008), Journal of LGBT Health Research, 3(3), pp.31-40
Blazak, R., 'Isn’t every crime a hate crime?: The case for hate crime laws' (2011), Sociology Compass, 5(4), pp.244-255
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Blee, K.M., 'The microdynamics of hate violence: Interpretive analysis and implications for responses' (2007), American Behavioral Scientist, 51(2), pp.258-270
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Bleich, E., 'The rise of hate speech and hate crime laws in liberal democracies' (2011), Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 37(6), pp.917-934
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Boeckmann, J. & Turpin‐Petrosino, C., 'Understanding the harm of hate crime' (2002), Journal of Social Issues, 58(2), pp.207-225
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Bones, P.D.C., 'Perceptions of vulnerability: A target characteristics approach to disability, gender, and victimization' (2012), Deviant Behaviour, 34(9), pp.727-750
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Bostock, J., 'Getting away with murder' (2001), OpenMind, 112, pp.22-23
Bowling, B., 'Racial harassment and the process of victimisation: Conceptual and methodological implications for the Local Crime Survey' (1993), British Journal of Criminology, 33(2), pp.231-250
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Bray, K., Braakmann, N. & Wildman, J., 'Austerity, welfare cuts and hate crime: Evidence from the UK’s age of austerity' (2022), Journal of Urban Economics, 103439
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Brightman, S., Lenning, E., Lurie, K.J. & DeJong, C., 'Anti-Transgender Ideology, Laws, and Homicide: An Analysis of the Trifecta of Violence' (2023), Homicide Studies [online]
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Britt, B.C., 'Sex Sells Terrorism: How Sexual Appeals in Fringe Online Communities Contribute to Self-Radicalization' (2023), Social Science Computer Review [online]
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Bronitt, S., 'Hate speech, sedition and the war on terror' (2007), in Gelber, K. & Stone, A. (eds.) Hate Speech and Freedom of Speech in Australia. The Federation Press.
Brooks, J., Remtulla, T. & Steinberg, A., 'Youth hate crimes: Identification, prevention, and intervention' (2003), American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(5), pp.979-989
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Brunt, P. & Brophy, K., 'Gay tourist victimisation' (2006), International Review of Victimology, 13(3), pp.275-299
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Bufkin, J.L., 'Bias crime as gendered behavior' (1999), Social Justice, 26(1), pp.155-176
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Byers, B.D., & Jones, J.A., 'The impact of the terrorist attacks of 9/11 on anti-Islamic hate crime' (2007), Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, 5(1), pp.43-56
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C
Cai, L., 'Analysis of Hate Crime Rates in the United States: Statistical Modeling of Public Safety Issues Based on Socioeconomic Factors' (2021), Proceedings - 2021 International Conference on E-Commerce and E-Management, ICECEM 2021, pp. 388-392
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Cao, A., Lindo, J.M. & Zhong, J., 'Can social media rhetoric incite hate incidents? Evidence from Trump’s “Chinese Virus” tweets' (2023), Journal of Urban Economics, 137, 103590
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Chakraborti, N., 'Hate crime: Concepts, policy and future directions' (2010), Devon: Willan Publishing
Chakraborti, N. & Garland, J., 'Hate crime' (2010), in DeKeseredy, W. & Dragiewicz, M. (eds.) (2010) The Handbook of Critical Criminology. New York: Routledge.
Chakraborti, N. & Garland, J., 'Hate crime: Impact, causes and responses (2nd Edition)' (2015), London: Sage Publishing
Chakraborti, N., & Garland, J., 'Hate crime: Impact, causes and responses' (2009), UK: SAGE Publications