Publications: Criminal justice responses to hate crime
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Fino, A., 'Defining Hate Speech' (2020), Journal of International Criminal Justice, 18(1), pp. 31-57
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Flahvin, A., 'Can legislation prohibiting hate speech be justified in light of free speech principles?' (1995), University of New South Wales Law Journal, 18(2), pp.327-340
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FRA – European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, 'Ensuring justice for hate crime victims: Professional perspectives' (2016)
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Franklin, K., 'Good intentions: The enforcement of hate crime penalty-enhancement statutes' (2002), American Behavioral Scientist, 46(1), pp.154-172
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Freeman, S. M., 'Improving the policing and prosecution of hate crimes' (2009), Anti Defamation League [ADL]
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Frevel, B. & Kuschewski, P., 'Policing divided societies. Requirements for the civic education of police officers' (2023), Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice [online]
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Fuchs, S., 'Fragile Hope: Seeking Justice for Hate Crimes in India' (2024), Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press
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Fuchs, S.I., 'Symbiotic Justice: Hate Crimes, Police Humiliation, and Layered Legal Consciousness in Dalit Human Rights' (2024), Social and Legal Studies [online]
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Fuchs, S.I., 'Symbiotic Justice: Hate Crimes, Police Humiliation, and Layered Legal Consciousness in Dalit Human Rights' (2025), Social and Legal Studies, 34(1), pp. 22–42
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Fuentes, A.S., 'Awakening Hate, Perpetuating Oppressions: The Influence Of Mass Media In Criminal Politics About Gender Based Violences | [Despertando Odios, Perpetuando Opresiones: La Influencia De Los Medios De Comunicación En La Política Criminal De Las Violencias De Género]' (2022), Asparkia, (40), pp. 261-280
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Fuentes, K., Levitt, L., Soriano, K., Rowland, A. & Wit, N., 'SESTA/FOSTA as de Facto Hate Policy: Combatting Carceral Investments and Uplifting Community-Based Solutions' (2025), Sexuality Research and Social Policy [online]
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Funnell, C. & Atkinson, P., 'Appreciative ethnography ‘Coming from a position of strength’' (2023), in J. Fleming & S. Charman (Eds) Routledge International Handbook of Police Ethnography (pp. 424–439), London: Routledge
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Fuszara, M., 'Hate crime' (2017), in J.M. Kurczewski & M. Fuszara (Eds.), How people use the courts: The disputes and courts in Poland (Polish Studies in Culture, Nations and Politics). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang AG
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Gagliardi, S., Valverde-Cano, A. & Rice, O., 'Barriers to the investigation of gender-based hate crimes in the United Kingdom and Ireland: An empirical study' (2022), UCD Sutherland School of Law, University of Nottingham Rights Lab & Universitas 21 (March 2022 policy report)
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Gagliardi, S., Valverde-Cano, A. & Rice, O., 'Identifying and understanding barriers to investigation of gender-based hate crimes: Perspectives from law enforcement in Ireland and the United Kingdom' (2022), Criminology and Criminal Justice [online]
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Gamblin, B.W., Kehn, A., Vanderzanden, K., Ruthig, J.C., Jones, K.M. & Long, B.L., 'A comparison of juror decision making in race-based and sexual orientation-based hate crime cases' (2018), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Gardner, M., 'Racism out: Racial vilification law and the Anti-Discrimination Board' (1995), Aboriginal Law Bulletin, 74(3), pp.9-10
Garkawe, S., 'International Human Rights and the law regarding sexual orientation: Two book reviews and more' (1997), Australasian Gay and Lesbian Law Journal, 7, pp.69-92
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Garland, J., 'Reshaping hate crime policy and practice: Lessons from a grassroots campaign' (2014), in Chakraborti, N. & Garland, J. (2014) Responding to hate crime: the case for connecting policy and research. Bristol: Policy Press.
Garland, J. & Chakraborti, N., 'Recognising and responding to victims of rural racism' (2006), International Review of Victimology, 13(1), pp.49-69
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Garland, J. & Chakraborti, N., '‘Protean times?’ Exploring the relationships between policing, community and ‘race’ in rural England' (2007), Criminology and Criminal Justice, 7(4), pp.347-365
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Garland, J. & Chakraborti, N., 'Divided by a common concept? Assessing the implications of different conceptualizations of hate crime in the European Union' (2012), European Journal of Criminology, 9(1), pp.38-51
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Garland, J. & Hodkinson, P., '‘F**king freak! What the hell do you think you look like?’' (2014), British Journal of Criminology, 54(4), pp.613-631
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Gas-Aixendri, M., 'Religious Discourse on Gender Identity: Freedom of Expression or Hate Speech? A European Perspective' (2025), Religions, 16(3), 267
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Gaumer, C.P., 'Punishment for prejudice: A commentary on the constitutionality and utility of state statutory responses to the problem of hate crimes' (1994), South Dakota Law Review, 39, pp.1-48
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Gavrielides, T., 'Conceptualising and contextualising restorative justice for hate crimes' (2012), CrimSoc: The Journal of Social Criminology, 1(1)
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Gavrielides, T., 'Contextualizing restorative justice for hate crime' (2012), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(18), pp.3624-3643
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Gelber, K., 'Implementing racial anti-vilification laws in New South Wales: 1988-1998: A study' (2000), Australian Journal of Public Administration, 59(1), pp.13-23
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George, A., 'The gay (?) victim on trial: Discourses of sexual division in the courtroom' (1997), in Mason, G. & Tomsen, S. (eds.) Homophobic Violence. Australia: Hawkins Press.
George, A. & Tomsen, S., 'The criminal justice response to gay killings: Research findings' (1997), Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 9(1), pp.56-70
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Giannasi, P., 'Hate crime in the United Kingdom' (2014), in Hall, N., Corb, A., Giannasi, P. & Grieve, J. (2014) The Routledge International Handbook on Hate Crime. London: Routledge
Giannasi, P. & Hall, N., 'Policing hate crime: Transferable strategies for improving service provisions to victims and communities internationally' (2016), in J. Schweppe & M.A. Walters, The globalization of hate: Internationalizing hate crime? (pp.190-212), Oxford: Oxford University Press
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Girardi, R., '‘It’s easy to mistrust police when they keep on killing us’: A queer exploration of police violence and LGBTQ+ victimization' (2021), Journal of Gender Studies [online]
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Godzisz, P. & Viggiani, G. (Eds.), 'Running through hurdles: Obstacles in the access to justice for victims of anti-LGBTI hate crimes' (2018), Warsaw: Lambda Warsaw Association
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Goel, S., Rao, J.M. & Shroff, R., 'Precinct or prejudice? Understanding racial disparities in New York city’s stop-and-frisk policy' (2016), Annals of Applied Statistics, 10(1), pp.365-394
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Goldberg, A.E., Slakoff, D.C. & Buist, C.L. (Eds.), 'The (Mis)Representation of Queer Lives in True Crime' (2023), London: Routledge
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Goldberger, D., 'The inherent unfairness of hate crime statutes' (2004), Harvard Journal on Legislation, 41(2), pp.449-464
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Gómez-Quintero, J., Johnson, S.D., Borrion, H. & Lundrigan, S., 'A scoping study of crime facilitated by the metaverse' (2024), Futures, 157, 103338
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Gordon Benito, I., 'Online harassment and cyberstalking. A case study' (2023), Sortuz, 13(2), pp. 242–257
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Gorostiza, J.-M.L. & Framis, A.G.-S., 'Hate Crime Court Decisions in Spain: a Case Study from 2018 to 2022. | Las decisiones judiciales de delitos de odio en España: un estudio de casos de 2018 a 2022' (2025), Indret, (1), pp. 297–330
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Graham, R.S., Humer, S.G., Seungeun Lee, C. & Nagy, V. (Eds.), 'The Routledge International Handbook of Online Deviance' (2024), London: Routledge
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Granström, G. & Aström, K., 'Lifecycle of a hate crime – Country report for Sweden' (2017), Umeå University
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Grasso, J.C., Jenness, V. & Vogler, S., 'Understanding the context for police avoidance: the impact of sexual identity, police legitimacy and legal cynicism on willingness to report hate crime' (2023), Current Issues in Criminal Justice [online]
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Grattet, R. & Jenness, V., 'Transforming symbolic law into organizational action: Hate crime policy and law enforcement practice' (2008), Social Forces, 87(1), pp.501-527
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Grattet, R. & Jenness, V., 'The reconstitution of law in local settings: Agency discretion, ambiguity and a surplus of law in the policing of hate crime' (2005), Law & Society Review, 39(4), pp.893-941
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Grattet, R. & Jenness, V., 'The birth and maturation of hate crime policy in the United States ' (2001), American Behavioral Scientist, 45(4), pp.668-696
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Grau, J.M., 'When Reparation Goes Beyond Punishment: Victims of LGBTQphobic Violence and Retributive and Restorative Justice in Spain' (2024), Journal of Homosexuality [online]
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Greenberg, S.J., 'The Massachusetts Hate Crime Reporting Act of 1990: Great expectations yet unfulfilled?' (1996), New England Law Review, 31, pp.103-158
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Grimes, J.N., 'Hate, conflict, and public space: Stand your ground laws and potential immunity for hate crimes' (2019), Journal of Hate Studies, 15(1), pp. 83-104
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Groma, J., 'Preventing and combating hate crimes: Modern approach' (2018), SHS Web Conferences, 51, (6th International Interdisciplinary Scientific Conference)
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