Publications: Gender-based hate crime
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Kwarteng, J., Perfumi, S.C., Farrell, T. & Fernandez, M., 'Misogynoir: Public online response towards self-reported misogynoir' (2021), Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, ASONAM 2021, pp. 228-235
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Kwarteng, J., Perfumi, S.C., Farrell, T., Third, A. & Fernandez, M., 'Misogynoir: challenges in detecting intersectional hate' (2022), Social Network Analysis and Mining, 12(1), 166
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Lacalle, C., 'The Otherless Other: The Misogyny Passions of Spanish Manosphere | [The Otherless Other: Las Pasiones Misóginas De La Manosfera Española]' (2023), Signa, 32, pp. 41-53
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Lacalle, C., Gómez-Morales, B. & Vicent-Ibáñez, M., 'Misogyny and the construction of toxic masculinity in the Spanish Manosphere (Burbuja.info)' (2023), Profesional de la Informacion, 32(2), e320215
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Lacalle, C., Gómez-Morales, B., Vicent-Ibáñez, M. & Narvaiza, S., '‘Seals’, ‘bitches’, ‘vixens’, and other zoomorphic insults: the animalisation of women as an expression of misogyny in the Spanish Manosphere' (2024), Cogent Arts and Humanities, 11(1), 2298056
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Lacalle, C., Gómez-Morales, B., Vicent-Ibáñez, M. & Narvaiza, S., '“She Looks Like She’d Be a Filthy Pig in Bed”: Online Misogyny and Denigration of Women Politicians' (2025), Violence Against Women [online]
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Lacalle, C., Jiménez, V.M. & Hernández, D.E., 'The Anti-Feminism of The Spanish Radical-Right on Twitter Around 8m | [EL ANTIFEMINISMO DE LA ULTRADERECHA ESPAÑOLA EN TWITTER EN TORNO AL 8M]' (2023), Prisma Social, 40, pp. 358-376
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Ladić, M., Kočkovska Šetinc, K., Vučko, K. & Kogovšek Šalamon, N., 'In the shadow of progressive legal regulation: Hate crimes based on sexual orientation and gender identity- the victim’s perspective | V SENCI NAPREDNE ZAKONSKE UREDITVE: KAZNIVA DEJANJA IZ SOVRAŠTVA ZARADI SPOLNE USMERJENOSTI IN SPOLNE IDENTITETE – PERSPEKTIVA ŽRTVE' (2025), Teorija in Praksa, 62(2), pp. 257–277
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Lamartine, C. & Henriques, C.F., 'Ladies in Red: An analysis of legal measures to combat political gender violence in Brazil and Portugal | [Ladies in Red: Une analyse des mesures légales de lutte contre la violence politique de genre au Brésil et au Portugal]' (2021), Ex Aequo, (44), pp. 93-109
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Lameiro, F., Dunagan, L., Card, D., Gilbert, E. & Haimson, O., 'TIDEs: A Transgender and Nonbinary Community-Labeled Dataset and Model for Transphobia Identification in Digital Environments' (2025), ACMF ACCT 2025, Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency, pp. 1411–1423
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Lantz, B., 'Women who commit hate-motivated violence: Advancing a gendered understanding of hate crime' (2021), Social Science Research, 102682 [online]
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Lazzardi, S., Patti, V. & Rosso, P., 'Categorizing misogynistic behaviours in Italian, English and Spanish tweets | [Categorización de comportamientos misóginos en tweets en Italiano, Inglés y Español' (2021), Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural, 66, pp. 65-76
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Le Clue, N. (Ed.), 'Beyond Fandom: The Dark Side of Social Media Discourse' (2025), Leeds, UK: Emerald Publishing
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Lee, S., 'Asian critical theory in understanding the women victims of anti-Asian hate crimes' (2022), International Social Work [online]
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Lee, J.J. & Lee, J., '#StopAsianHate on TikTok: Asian/American Women’s Space-Making for Spearheading Counter-Narratives and Forming an Ad Hoc Asian Community' (2023), Social Media and Society, 9(1)
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Lee, M., Park, I.Y., Park, M., Tran, P.K., Cozier, Y.C. & Hahm, H.C., 'COVID-19-Related Racial Discrimination during Lockdown and Its Impact on Asian American Women' (2023), International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(16), 6546
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Letouze, P. & Mendes, D.B., 'Positive Semiotics Construction: The Intersectionality of Fat Black Women, from Fatphobia, Through Fat Appraisal to Fat Praise' (2024), International Journal for the Semiotics of Law [online]
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Levin, J., Rabrenovic, G., Ferraro, V., Doran, T., & Methe, D., 'When a crime committed by a teenager becomes a hate crime: Results from two studies' (2007), American Behavioral Scientist, 51(2), pp.246-257
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Li, K., 'An Evaluation of Automation on Misogyny Identification(AMI) and Deep-Learning Approaches for Hate Speech -Highlight on Graph Convolutional Networks and Neural Networks' (2022), Proceedings - 2022 International Conference on Computers, Information Processing and Advanced Education, CIPAE 2022, pp. 239-244
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Li, K., 'No More 24! Female Chinese Homecare Workers’ Fight to Abolish 24-Hour Work Shift in New York City' (2025), Amerasia Journal [online]
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Li, X., 'Hate speech against women on social media: Case study analysis in Asia' (2024), Environment and Social Psychology, 9(12), 3220
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Liguori, J.B. & Spanierman, L.B., 'Outsider Women: Understanding Women’s Roles in White Supremacist Deradicalization' (2023), Journal for Deradicalization, (37), pp. 41–71
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Liguori, J.B. & Spanierman, L.B., 'From Out of the Shadows: Understanding Women’s Experiences of White Supremacist Deradicalization' (2025), Peace and Conflict [online]
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Lindsay, A., 'Swallowing the Black Pill: Involuntary Celibates’ (Incels) Anti-Feminism within Digital Society' (2022), International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 11(1), pp. 210-224
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Liu, T., Xu, M. & Chen, X., 'Social media, gendered anxiety and disease-related misinformation: discourses in contemporary China’s online anti-African sentiments' (2021), Asian Journal of Communication, 31(6), pp. 485-501
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Liu, X. & Conlin, S.E., 'Experienced weight stigma among Asian, Black, and Latinx sexual and gender minorities: A systematic review' (2025), Social Science and Medicine, 383, 118412
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LK, D. & Balakrishnan, K., 'Optimizing Hate Speech Detection in Malayalam-English Code-Mixed Text: Handling Women’s Abuse by Synthetic Data Augmentation' (2025), Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems [online]
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Llanera, T., 'The Misogyny Paradox and the Alt-Right' (2023), Hypatia, 10(6)
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Lo, B., 'Anti-Asian Violence and Abolition Feminism as Asian American Feminist Praxis' (2023), Feminist Formations, 35(1), pp. 221–239
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Loewen Walker, R., 'Call it misogyny' (2022), Feminist Theory [online]
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López, R.E.G., Velazco, R.P., Paredes, D.C., Quispe, J.L.V. & Revilla, C.Y.V., 'Women, Social Media, and Politics: Perspectives on Inequalities, Resistance, and Contested Narratives' (2025), Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change, 10(3), pp. 1123–1131
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López-Gutiérrez, Á., 'Non-verbal communication in hate and sexist speeches: Hate and sexist discourses without words' (2022), VISUAL Review. International Visual Culture Review / Revista Internacional de Cultura, 9
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Luarasi, I., 'Quantifying Sexism and Hate Speech: A Comprehensive Analysis of Albanian Online Media' (2023), Journal of Educational and Social Research, 13(6), pp. 119–130
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Lumsden, K. & Morgan, H.M., 'Cyber-trolling as symbolic violence: Deconstructing gendered abuse online' (2018), In N. Lombard (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of gender and violence (pp.121-132). London: Routledge
Lünenborg, M. & Röttger-Rössler, B. (Eds.), 'Affective Formation of Publics: Places, Networks, and Media' (2023), London: Routledge
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Lyle, P.L., Esmail, A. & Eargle, L., 'Mass shooting and misogyny: Broken males are pulling the trigger' (2022), in Information Resources Management Association (Eds.) Research Anthology on Modern Violence and Its Impact on Society (pp. 970-995), Hershey, PA: IGI Global
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Macdonald, S.J. & Peacock, D. (Eds.), 'The Routledge Handbook of Disability, Crime, and Justice' (2025), New York: Routledge
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Maci, S.M., Demata, M., McGlashan, M. & Seargeant, P. (Eds.), 'The Routledge Handbook of Discourse and Disinformation' (2023), London: Routledge
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Maher, C.A., Pyo, J. & Hayes, B.E., 'Extending the Shadow of Sexual Assault Hypothesis: Fear of Sexual Violence and Hate Crimes among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Persons' (2024), Violence Against Women [online]
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Maher, JM, McCulloch, J. & Mason, G., 'Punishing gendered violence as hate crime: Aggravated sentences as a means of recognising hate as motivation for violent crimes against women' (2015), Australian Feminist Law Journal, 41(1), pp.177-193
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Mahlangu, P., Brooke-Sumner, C., Sikweyiya, Y., Dunkle, K., Mabena, N., Jewkes, R., Duma, S., Khyzwayp, N., Dartnall, E., Pillay, M. & Machisa, M.T., 'Intimate partner violence among lesbian, bisexual, and queer women students on campuses in South Africa: a qualitative study exploring context, drivers, and impacts' (2025), BMC Global and Public Health, 3(1), 33
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Malta, M., Gomes de Jesus, J., LeGrand, S., Seixas, M., Benevides, B., Silva, M.D.D., Lana, J.S., Huynh, H.V., Belden, C.M. & Whetten, K., '‘Our Life Is Pointless … ’: Exploring Discrimination, Violence and Mental Health Challenges Among Sexual and Gender Minorities From Brazil' (2020), Global Public Health [online]
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Mangum, M. (Ed.), 'The Routledge Handbook on Marginalized Groups in the United States and their Challenges' (2025), New York: Routledge
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Maqbool, N., 'Sexism Identification in Social Networks: Advances in Automated Detection – A Report on the Exist Task at CLEF' (2024), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 3740, pp. 1098–1106
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Marolla-Gajardo, J. & Castellví-Mata, J., 'Transform hate speech in education from gender perspectives. Conceptions of Chilean teachers through a case study' (2023), Frontiers in Education, 8, 1267690
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Marolla-Gajardo, J. & Díez-Bedmar, M.D.C., 'The Problem of Hate Speech: Beliefs of Chilean Students About Hate Speech with an Emphasis on Gender Perspectives' (2024), Social Sciences, 13(12), 635
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Marolla-Gajardo, J., Zurita-Garrido, F. & Pinochet-Pinochet, S., 'Hate speeches from gender and conceptions about the practices of history and social sciences teachers. Case study in Chilean schools | Los discursos de odio desde el género y las concepciones sobre las prácticas del profesorado de historia y ciencias sociales. Estudio de caso en escuelas Chilenas' (2024), Educacion y Humanismo, 26(46), pp. 61–81
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Marolla-Gajardo, J., Zurita-Garrido, F., Pinochet-Pinochet, S. & Castro-Palacios, G., 'Hate Speech and the Gender Perspective: A Problem from the Teaching of Social Sciences in School' (2023), European Journal of Educational Research, 12(1), pp. 133-144
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Martella, A. & Pavan, E., '“We hate her.. and you too”: Polarized intersectionality in Italy throughout changing political scenarios' (2023), New Media and Society [online]
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Martin, C.R., Preedy, V.R. & Patel, V.B. (Eds.), 'Handbook of Anger, Aggression, and Violence' (2023), Cham: Springer
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