Publications: Gender-based hate crime
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Rothschild, E., 'Recognizing another face of hate crimes: Rape as a gender-bias crime' (1993), Maryland Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues, 4, pp.231-286
Rowe, M., Lewis, R. & Wiper, C., 'Misogyny online: Extending the boundaries of hate crime' (2018), Journal of Gender-Based Violence [online]
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Ruby Patel, R., 'The Maternal Body, HIV and Race: Dual Raced and Ambivalent Maternal Experiences in a Vertically Infected HIV-Positive Adolescent' (2024), Psychoanalytic Social Work [online]
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Ryan Kelly, C., 'Caught on Tape: White Masculinity and Obscene Enjoyment' (2023), New York: Oxford University Press
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Ryan, E. & Leeson, T., 'Hate groups and hate crime' (2011), International Review of Law & Economics, 31(4), pp.256-262
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Sagredos, C. & Nikolova, E., '‘Slut I hate you’ A critical discourse analysis of gendered conflict on YouTube' (2022), Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict, 10(1), pp. 169-196
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Şahinuç, F., Yilmaz, E.H., Toraman, C. & Koç, A., 'The effect of gender bias on hate speech detection' (2022), Signal, Image and Video Processing [online]
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Said-Hung, E. & Diaz, J. M. (Eds.), 'News Media and Hate Speech Promotion in Mediterranean Countries' (2023), Hershey, PA: IGI Global
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Salazar-Aguilar, J.P., Orellana Orellana, A. & Castillo Alfaro, N., 'Digital political violence against women in Costa Rica (2022-2023). Proposal for a counternarrative to the dominant model | Violência política digital contra as mulheres na Costa Rica (2022-2023). Proposta de uma contranarrativa ao modelo dominante' (2024), Icono14, 22(1), e2087
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Sall, K.E., Miller, J.C., Jansen, E., Shonrock, A.T., Byrd, R. & C., 'Sexual Assault Among College Women: The Role of Survivor Acknowledgment, Rape Myth Acceptance, Weight Bias, and Body Appreciation' (2024), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Salmani, R., Mishra, G. & Singh, A.K., 'Acid Attacks in India and the Role of Stakeholders: A Journey From Victim to Survivor' (2023), Vision [online]
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Sánchez-Meza, M., Corrales, L.S., Barbosa, M.V. & Carnicé-Mur, M., 'From social networks to hate networks? Analysis of the digital conversation on Twitter about the Spanish Minister of Equality Irene Montero | ¿De redes sociales a redes del odio? Análisis de la conversación digital en Twitter sobre la ministra de Igualdad española Irene Montero' (2023), Estudios Sobre el Mensaje Periodistico, 29(3), pp. 717–736
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Sanders, T., 'Inevitably violent? Dynamics of space, governance, and stigma in understanding violence against sex workers' (2016), in Austin Sarat (ed.), Special Issue: Problematizing Prostitution: Critical Research and Scholarship (Studies in Law, Politics and Society, Volume 71), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp.93-114
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Sandoval, O.C. & Espinosa, A.S., 'Gender-Based Violence and the Performance of Masculinity: A Comparative Analysis of the Documentary Films Ma L’amore C’entra? and Serás Hombre' (2022), in E.M. Durán-Almarza, C. Rodríguez González & S. Clisby (Eds.) Performing Cultures of Equality (pp. 100-116), London: Routledge
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Sang, Y. & Stanton, J., 'Analyzing Hate Speech with Incel-Hunters’ Critiques' (2020), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 5-13
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Sanhueza-Parra, M., 'Discursive approaches to violence against trans women in politics: the case of Emilia Schneider and Constanza Valdés’ campaign for constituents on Twitter | Aproximaciones discursivas de la violencia contra las mujeres trans en política: el caso de la campaña a constituyentes de Emilia Schneider y Constanza Valdés en Twitter' (2024), Autoctonia, 8, pp. 224–259
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Santana, B.S., Vanin, A.A. & Wives, L.K., 'Sexist Hate Speech: Identifying Potential Online Verbal Violence Instances' (2022), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 13208 LNAI, pp. 177-187
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Santellano, K., Higuera, K. & Arriaga, F., 'Latina Educators in Sociology: Combating Trumpism with Critical Pedagogy' (2021), Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 7(1), pp. 134-140
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Sarikakis, K., Kassa, B.E., Fenz, N., Goldschmitt S., Kasser, J. & Nowotarski, L., '“My haters and I”: Personal and political responses to hate speech against female journalists in Austria' (2021), Feminist Media Studies [online]
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Sarkar, S. & Rajan, B., 'Materiality and Discursivity of Cyber Violence Against Women in India' (2021), Journal of Creative Communications [online]
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Särmä, S., 'Underbelly: Making Online Hate Visible' (2020), New Perspectives, 28(1), pp. 128-141
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Sauvé, J.-S., 'Prohibiting discrimination against trans∗ people: Improving the Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms by adding “gender identity” and “gender expression” to the list of defined discriminations' (2015), Enfances, Familles, Generations, 23, pp.108-126
Schotanus, M.S. (Ed.), 'Gender Violence, the Law, and Society: Interdisciplinary Perspectives from India, Japan and South Africa' (2022), Bingley: Emerald Publishing
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Scotto di Carlo, G., 'An analysis of self-other representations in the incelosphere: Between online misogyny and self-contempt' (2022), Discourse and Society [online]
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Sękowska-Kozłowska, K., Baranowska, G. & Gliszczyńska-Grabias, A., 'Sexist Hate Speech and the International Human Rights Law: Towards Legal Recognition of the Phenomenon by the United Nations and the Council of Europe' (2022), International Journal for the Semiotics of Law [online]
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Selvarajah, S., Kenar, N., Shaw, I.S. & Dhakal, P. (Eds.), 'Xenophobia in the Media: Critical Global Perspectives' (2024), London: Routledge
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Sen, I., Samory, M., Wagner, C. & Augenstein, I., 'Counterfactually Augmented Data and Unintended Bias: The Case of Sexism and Hate Speech Detection' (2022), NAACL 2022 - 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Proceedings of the Conference, pp. 4716-4726
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Seymore, K. Pease, B., Strid, S. & Hearn, J. (Eds.), 'Interconnecting the Violences of Men: Continuities and Intersections in Research, Policy and Activism' (2024), London: Routledge
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Shah, A. & Gokhale, A., 'Team Aditya at EXIST 2024 – Detecting Sexism in Multilingual Tweets using Contrastive Learning Approach' (2024), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 3740, pp. 1198–1202
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Shaker, R.M., Alghazali, T., Ali, M.H., Talib, S.G., AlRashidi, W.B., Hussein, A.H., Sabit, S.H., & Muhammad, T.J., 'Cyberbullying of Household Women in Iraq: A Critical View for Prohibition of Violence' (2022), International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 16(1), pp. 1-19
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Shibly, F.H.A., Sharma, U. & Naleer, H.M.M., 'Automatic Detection of Online Hate Speech Against Women Using Voting Classifier' (2023), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 473, pp. 735-745
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Shriram, M.S., Sushmitha, S. & Murugesan, S., 'A Review of an Automated Model for Sexist Language Detection and Replacement of Sexist Terms' (2025), Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2203 CCIS, pp. 45–58
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Sian, K., 'Stupid Paki loving bitch: The politics of online Islamophobia and misogyny' (2018), in M. Bhatia, S. Poynting & W. Tufail (Eds), Media, Crime and Racism. Palgrave Studies in Crime, Media and Culture (pp.117-138). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
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Siapera, E. & Papadopoulou, L., 'The affective and political economy of hate journalism: Toxic masculinity, misogynism and homophobia in Greek extreme right-wing media | Η ΣΥΝΑΙΣΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗ ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΔΗΜΟΣΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑΣ ΤΟΥ ΜΙΣΟΥΣ: ΤΟΞΙΚΗ ΑΡΡΕΝΩΠΟΤΗΤΑ, ΜΙΣΟΓΥΝΙΣΜΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΟΜΟΦΟΒΙΑ ΣΤΑ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ ΑΚΡΟΔΕΞΙΑ ΜΜΕ' (2023), Greek Review of Social Research, 161, pp. 73–93
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Silva, J.M., Ornat, M.J., Cabral, V. & Machado, D.L.C., '“When a Trans Is Killed, Another Thousand Rise!”: Transnecropolitics and Resistance in Brazil' (2022), in Rethinking Transgender Identities: Reflections from Around the Globe (pp. 198-209), London: Routledge
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Simm, G., 'Queering CEDAW? Sexual orientation, gender identity and expression and sex characteristics (SOGIESC) in international human rights law' (2021), Griffith Law Review [online]
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Singh, A., Dandona, A. & Sharma, V., 'Societal Refutation and Hate Crimes: Thematic Analysis of Exoticization and Victimization Experiences Among Young Trans People in India' (2022), Youth Voice Journal, 12
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Singh, S., Haridasan, A. & Mooney, R., '“Female Astronaut: Because sandwiches won’t make themselves up there!: Towards multi-modal misogyny detection in memes' (2023), Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 150–159
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Sivanaiah, R., Angel Deborah, S., Sakaya Milton, R. & Mirnalinee, T.T., 'TechSSN at SemEval-2022 Task 5: Multimedia Automatic Misogyny Identification using Deep Learning Models' (2022), SemEval 2022 - 16th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, Proceedings of the Workshop, pp. 571-574
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Sjöholm, M., 'International Human Rights Law and Protection Against Gender-Based Harm on the Internet' (2022), Cham: Springer
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Smallwood, T.L., 'Public theology and violent rhetoric examined in a queer womanist critical ethnography' (2025), London: Bloomsbury
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Smith, A., 'Unmasking the state: Racial/gender terror and hate crimes' (2007), Australian Feminist Law Journal, 26(1), pp.47-57
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Smith, J., '“It feels like a mini victory”: alternative routes to justice in experiences of online misogyny' (2023), in N. Booth, I. Masson & L. Baldwin (Eds.) Experiences of Punishment, Abuse and Justice by Women and Families: Volume 2 (pp. 110-131), Bristol, UK: Policy Press
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Smith, J., 'Bystander experiences of online gendered hate' (2022), in A. Powell, A. Flynn & L. Sugiura (Eds.) The Palgrave Handbook of Gendered Violence and Technology (pp. 395-413), Cham: Palgrave Macmillan
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Sobhani, N. & Delany, S.J., 'Towards Fairer NLP Models: Handling Gender Bias In Classification Tasks' (2024), GeBNLP 2024 - 5th Workshop on Gender Bias in Natural Language Processing, Proceedings of the Workshop, pp. 167–178
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Song, M., 'Detecting Misogynia in Italian Tweets: A Linguistic and Contextual based Method' (2022), Proceedings - 2022 International Conference on Computers, Information Processing and Advanced Education, CIPAE 2022, pp. 67-72
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Sosa, L., 'Now You See Me? The Visibility of Trans and Travesti Experiences in Criminal Procedures' (2020), Politics and Governance, 8(3), pp. 266-277
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Soto, C.A.A., 'Discourse by readers of digital media about police violence against women: Another form of virtual violence?' (2018), Estudios Sobre el Mensaje Periodistico 24(2), pp. 1023-1041
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Spada, I., Lai, M. & Patti, V., 'Inters8: A Corpus to Study Misogyny and Intersectionality on Twitter' (2023), Proceedings of the 9th Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics (CLiC-it 2023)
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Spalek, B., 'Communities, identities and crime' (2008), Bristol: The Policy Press.