Publications: Hate speech
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Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B., Bączkowska, A., Liebeskind, C., Valunaite Oleskeviciene, G. & Žitnik, S., 'An integrated explicit and implicit offensive language taxonomy' (2023), Lodz Papers in Pragmatics, 19(1), pp. 7–48
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Lewulis, P., 'Detecting online offenders: A case study of social media hate speech investigations' (2024), in P. Waszkiewicz (Ed.) Social Media and Law Enforcement Practice in Poland: Insights into Practice outside Anglophone Countries (pp. 93–108), New York: Routledge
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Li, K., 'An Evaluation of Automation on Misogyny Identification(AMI) and Deep-Learning Approaches for Hate Speech -Highlight on Graph Convolutional Networks and Neural Networks' (2022), Proceedings - 2022 International Conference on Computers, Information Processing and Advanced Education, CIPAE 2022, pp. 239-244
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Li, M., Liao, S., Okpala, E., Tong, M., Costello, M., Cheng, L., Hu, H. & Luo, F., 'COVID-HateBERT: A Pre-trained Language Model for COVID-19 related Hate Speech Detection' (2021), Proceedings - 20th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, ICMLA 2021, pp. 233-238
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Li, S., Zaidi, N.A., Liu, Q. & Li, G., 'Neighbours and Kinsmen: Hateful Users Detection with Graph Neural Network' (2021), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 12712 LNAI, pp. 434-446
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Li, X., 'Hate speech against women on social media: Case study analysis in Asia' (2024), Environment and Social Psychology, 9(12), 3220
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Li, Y., Jiang, B., Shu, K. & Liu, H., 'Toward A Multilingual and Multimodal Data Repository for COVID-19 Disinformation' (2020), Proceedings - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, Big Data 2020, 9378472, pp. 4325-4330
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Liang, X., Huang, Y., Liu, W., Zhu, H., Liang, Z. & Chen, L., 'TRICAN: Multi-Modal Hateful Memes Detection with Triplet-Relation Information Cross-Attention Network' (2022), Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2022-July
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Liebowitz, J. (Ed.), 'Regulating Hate Speech Created by Generative AI' (2024), New York: Auerbach Publications
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Liern, G.R., 'Glorification of terrorism: From the De Juana Chaos case to César Strawberry: From reception of the constitutional doctrine in the Supreme Court’s case law | [El enaltecimiento del terrorismo: Desde el caso de Juana Chaos a CÉsar Strawberry. La recepción de la doctrina constitucional en la jurisprudencia del tribunal supremo]' (2020), Revista de Derecho Politico, (109), pp. 191-227
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Liern, G.R., 'Social Networks and Hate Speech: An International Perspective | [Redes Sociales y Discurso del Odio: Perspectiva Internacional]' (2020), Revista de Internet, Derecho y Politica, (31)
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Liern, G.R., '“Democratic memory” versus ideological freedom: retrospective militant democracy │ “Memoria democrática” versus libertad ideológica: la democracia militante retrospectiva' (2023), Revista de Derecho Politico, (118), pp. 121–143
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Lilienthal, G. & Ahmad, N., 'Hate crime and social media in the UK' (2016), Computer and Telecommunications Law Review, 22(7), pp.188-193
Lilleker, D. & Pérez‐Escolar, M., 'Demonising Migrants in Contexts of Extremism: Analysis of Hate Speech in UK and Spain' (2023), Politics and Governance, 11(2), pp. 127-137
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Lim, S.S., 'Manufacturing Hate 4.0: Can Media Studies Rise to the Challenge?' (2020), Television and New Media, 21(6), pp. 602-607
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Lin, H., Nalluri, P., Li, L., Sun, Y. & Zhang, Y., 'Multiplex Anti-Asian Sentiment before and during the Pandemic: Introducing New Datasets from Twitter Mining' (2022), WASSA 2022 - 12th Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment and Social Media Analysis, Proceedings of the Workshop, pp. 16-24
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Lin, J., 'Leveraging World Knowledge in Implicit Hate Speech Detection' (2022), NLP4PI 2022 - 2nd Workshop on NLP for Positive Impact, Proceedings of the Workshop, pp. 31-39
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Lin, K.-Y., Lee, R.K.-W., Gao, W. & Peng, W.-C., 'Early Prediction of Hate Speech Propagation' (2021), IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops, ICDMW, 2021-December, pp. 967-974
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Lindenmayr, M., Kusen, E. & Strembeck, M., '‘Stronger than Hate’: On the Dissemination of Hate Speech during the 2020 Vienna Terrorist Attack' (2021), 2021 8th International Conference on Social Network Analysis, Management and Security, SNAMS 2021
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Lindsay, A., 'Swallowing the Black Pill: Involuntary Celibates’ (Incels) Anti-Feminism within Digital Society' (2022), International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 11(1), pp. 210-224
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Lingaas, C., 'Hate Speech and Racialised Discrimination of the Norwegian Sámi: Legal Responses and Responsibility' (2021), Oslo Law Review, 8(2), pp. 88-107
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Lingiardi, V., Carone, N., Semeraro, G., Musto, C., D'Amico, M. & Brena, S., 'Mapping Twitter hate speech towards social and sexual minorities: a lexicon-based approach to semantic content analysis' (2019), Behaviour and Information Technology [online]
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Lingyao, L.I., Lizhou, F.A.N., Atreja, S. & Hemphill, L., '“HOT” ChatGPT: The Promise of ChatGPT in Detecting and Discriminating Hateful, Offensive, and Toxic Comments on Social Media' (2024), ACM Transactions on the Web, 18(2), 30
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Linhares, R.S., Rosa, J.M., Ferreira, C.H.G., Murai, F., Nobre, G. & Almeida, J., 'Uncovering Coordinated Communities on Twitter During the 2020 U.S. Election' (2022), Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, ASONAM 2022, pp. 80-87
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Liu, L., Xu, D., Zhao, P., Zeng, D.D., Hu, P.J.-H., Zhang, Q., Luo, Y. & Cao, Z., 'A cross-lingual transfer learning method for online COVID-19-related hate speech detection' (2023), Expert Systems with Applications, 234, 121031
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Liu, T., Xu, M. & Chen, X., 'Social media, gendered anxiety and disease-related misinformation: discourses in contemporary China’s online anti-African sentiments' (2021), Asian Journal of Communication, 31(6), pp. 485-501
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Liu, Z., Luo, C. & Lu, J., 'Hate speech in the Internet context: Unpacking the roles of Internet penetration, online legal regulation, and online opinion polarization from a transnational perspective' (2023), Information Development [online]
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Liyanage, O. & Jayakumar, K., 'Hate Speech Detection in Sinhala-English Code-Mixed Language' (2021), 21st International Conference on Advances in ICT for Emerging Regions, ICter 2021 – Proceedings, pp. 225-230
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Ljubešić, N., Mozetič, I. & Novak, P.K., 'Quantifying the impact of context on the quality of manual hate speech annotation' (2023), Natural Language Engineering, 29(6), pp. 1481–1494
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Lo Cricchio, M.G., Stefanelli, F., Menesini, E. & Nocentini, A., 'Adolescents’ Ethnic Hate Speech Exposure and Ethnic Bullying Perpetration: The Moderating Role of Tolerance Towards Diversity and Gender' (2023), Cyberpsychology, 17(5), 4
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Lobanov, N., 'From London Bridge to Finsbury Park Mosque: humour and hate crimes' (2024), European Journal of Humour Research, 12(1), pp. 157–170
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Lobo, P.R., 'Bias in Hate Speech and Toxicity Detection' (2022), AIES 2022 - Proceedings of the 2022 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, pp. 910
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Locatelli, D. & Locatelli, L., 'LCTs at HODI: Homotransphobic Speech Detection on Italian Tweets' (2023), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 3473
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Locatelli, D., Damo, G. & Nozza, D., 'A Cross-Lingual Study of Homotransphobia on Twitter' (2023), Cross-Cultural Considerations in NLP at EACL, C3NLP 2023 - Proceedings of the Workshop, pp. 16–24
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Lohitha, B., Mogana, V. & Amarnath, J.J., 'A Comparison of Different Models for the Detection of Hate Speech' (2022), 2022 1st International Conference on Computational Science and Technology, ICCST 2022 – Proceedings, pp. 492-496
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Lopes, A., Jennicson, D., Wagh, K. & Agre, A., 'Unveiling Hate: Multimodal Perspectives and Knowledge Graphs' (2024), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 1029 LNNS, pp. 144–149
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Lopes-Silva, L.R., Botelho-Francisco, R.E., da Conceição Moreira, P.S. & Guimarães, A.J., '“Thou Shalt Not Take the Lord’s Name in Vain”: A Methodological Proposal to Identify Religious Hate Content on Digital Social Networks' (2022), International Journal of Communication, 16, 22
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Lopes-Silva, L.R., Botelho-Francisco, R.E., Da Conceição Moreira, P.S. & Guimarães, A.J.R., '“Thou Shalt Not Take the Lord’s Name in Vain”: A Methodological Proposal to Identify Religious Hate Content on Digital Social Networks' (2022), International Journal of Communication, 16, pp. 2198–2219
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Lopez Valle, V.C.L., Antik, A. & Cavalcante De Lima, E.M.C., 'Facing fake news and hate speech: a new regulatory model for social media | O enfrentamento da desinformação e do discurso de ódio: um novo modelo regulatório para as redes sociais' (2023), Revista Eurolatinoamericana de Derecho Administrativo, 10(1), e239
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Lopez, R.M. & Calvo, S.M., 'Network communication and hate speech in the Spanish context | [COMUNICACIÓN EN REDES Y DISCURSOS DE ODIO EN EL CONTEXTO ESPAÑOL]' (2022), VISUAL Review. International Visual Culture Review / Revista Internacional de Cultura, 9(Monographic)
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López, R.M. & López, C.A., 'Social networks, monitoring equipment, and mobile apps to combat hate speech and hate crimes in Europe | [Redes, equipos de monitoreo y aplicaciones móvil para combatir los discursos y delitos de odio en Europa]' (2022), Revista Latina de Comunicacion Social, 2022(80), pp. 347-353
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López-Gutiérrez, Á., 'Non-verbal communication in hate and sexist speeches: Hate and sexist discourses without words' (2022), VISUAL Review. International Visual Culture Review / Revista Internacional de Cultura, 9
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Lopez-Sanchez, M. & Müller, A., 'On simulating the propagation and countermeasures of hate speech in social networks' (2021), Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 11(24), 12003
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Losada-Díaz, J.-C., Zamora-Medina, R. & Martínez-Martínez, H., 'Hate speech on Instagram during 2019 General Election in Spain | [El discurso del odio en Instagram durante las Elecciones Generales 2019 en España]' (2021), Revista Mediterranea de Comunicacion, 12(2), pp. 195-208
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Lotter, M.-S., 'Should “vulnerable groups” be protected from criticism? On the Functions of Free Speech for Liberal Democracy and the Ideology of Vulnerability | [Sind „vulnerable Gruppen“vor Kritik zu schützen? Die Funktionen der Redefreiheit für die liberale Demokratie und die Ideologisierung der Vulnerabilität]' (2023), Zeitschrift fur Praktische Philosophie, 9(2), pp. 375-398
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Lowe, D., 'Terrorism, Law and Policy: A Comparative Study (Second Edition)' (2022), London: Routledge
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Löwstedt, A. & Hatarova, N., 'Transcultural and Transnational Communication Principles? Suggestions for Minimum and Maximum Values as a Common Ground' (2024), Journal of Media Ethics: Exploring Questions of Media Morality [online]
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Löwstedt, A. & Kapidžić, A., 'Communication in Dignity Since Early Antiquity: From Ptahhotep to Current Ethics and International Law' (2023), Journal of Intercultural Communication Research [online]
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Lozano, Á.A., 'Criminal law backed by the European Union for ending hate speech and discrimination | El Derecho penal auspiciado por la Unión Europea para frenar los discursos de odio y la discriminación' (2023), Revista de Internet, Derecho y Politica, (37)
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Lu, J., Lin, H., Zhang, X., Li, Z., Zhang, T., Zong, L., Ma, F. & Xu, B., 'Hate Speech Detection via Dual Contrastive Learning' (2023), IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing [online]
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