Publications: Hate speech
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Wheeler, B., Jung, S., Hall, D.L., Purohit, M. & Silva, Y., 'An Analysis of Temporal Trends in Anti-Asian Hate and Counter-Hate on Twitter During the COVID-19 Pandemic' (2023), Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 26(7), pp. 535–545
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Whine, M., 'Distortion and trivialization of the Shoah' (2024), The Anti-Semitism Observatory (CDEC), 13 November
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Whitten, S., '‘Recognition, Authority Relations, and Rejecting Hate Speech’' (2019), Ethical Theory and Moral Practice [online]
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Whitten, S., 'A Republican Conception of Counterspeech' (2023), Ethical Theory and Moral Practice [online]
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Whitten, S. & Papcunová, J., 'Oppressive expression and the Czech and Slovak communities of Northern Ireland' (2024), Irish Journal of Sociology [online]
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Whittington, K.E., 'Should We Trust the Censor?' (2024), Daedalus, 153(3), pp. 244–259
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Wich, M., Mosca, E., Gorniak, A., Hingerl, J. & Groh, G., 'Explainable Abusive Language Classification Leveraging User and Network Data' (2021), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 12979 LNAI, pp. 481-496
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Wich, M., Widmer, C., Hagerer, G. & Groh, G., 'Investigating Annotator Bias in Abusive Language Datasets' (2021), International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, RANLP, pp. 1515-1525
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Wichgers, L., Jacobs, L. & van Spanje, J., 'Trial and Error: Hate Speech Prosecution and Its (Unintended) Effects on Democratic Support' (2020), Acta Politica [online]
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Wickramaarachchi, W.A.K.M., Subasinghe, S.S., Wijerathna, K.K.R.T., Athukorala, A.S.U., Abeywardhana, L. & Karunasena, A., 'Identifying False Content and Hate Speech in Sinhala YouTube Videos by Analyzing the Audio' (2023), ICAC 2023 - 5th International Conference on Advancements in Computing: Technological Innovation for a Sustainable Economy, Proceedings, pp. 364–369
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Wieczorkowski, J. & Suwińska, A., 'Automatic Hate Speech Detection Methods as a Tool Supporting a Sustainable Society and Economy' (2024), in E. Ziemba & J. Wątróbski (Eds.) Adoption of Emerging Information and Communication Technology for Sustainability (pp. 242–264), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
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Wiedemann, G., Schmidt, J.-H., Rau, J., Münch, F.V. & Kessling, P., 'Telegram and the Political Public Sphere Introduction to a Special Issue | Telegram in der politischen Öffentlichkeit Zur Einführung in das Themenheft' (2023), Medien und Kommunikationswissenschaft, 71(3-4), pp. 207–211
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Wiederhold, B.K., 'Putting the Toothpaste Back in the Tube: Against Online Hate Speech' (2023), Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 26(7), pp. 458–459
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Wiedlitzka, S., Prati, G., Brown, R., Smith, J. & Walters, M.A., 'Hate in Word and Deed: The Temporal Association Between Online and Offline Islamophobia' (2021), Journal of Quantitative Criminology [online]
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Wijanarko, M.I., Susanto, L., Pratama, P.A., Idris, I., Hong, T. & Wijaya, D., 'Monitoring Hate Speech in Indonesia: An NLP-based Classification of Social Media Texts' (2024), EMNLP 2024 - 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Proceedings of System Demonstrations, pp. 142–152
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Wijkstra, M., 'Fighting Toxicity Through Positive and Preventative Intervention' (2024), CHI-PLAY Companion 2024 - Companion Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play, pp. 450–453
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Wikandiputra, A., Afiahayati & Sutanto, V.M., 'Identifying Hate Speech in Bahasa Indonesia Along with Lexicon-Based Features and Synonym-Based Query Expansion' (2022), ICIC Express Letters, 16(8), pp. 811-818
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Wilhelm, C. & Schulz-Tomančok, A., 'Predicting user engagement with anti-gender, homophobic and sexist social media posts–a choice-based conjoint study in Hungary and Germany' (2023), Information Communication and Society [online]
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Wilhelm, C., Joeckel, S. & Ziegler, I., 'Reporting Hate Comments: Investigating the Effects of Deviance Characteristics, Neutralization Strategies, and Users’ Moral Orientation’' (2019), Communication Research [online]
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William, P., Gade, R., Chaudhari, R.E., Pawar, A.B. & Jawale, M.A., 'Machine Learning based Automatic Hate Speech Recognition System' (2022), International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Data Communication Systems, ICSCDS 2022 – Proceedings, pp. 315-318
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Williams, L. & Spedding, M., 'The First Amendment and Constitutive Rhetoric: A Policy Proposal' (2024), New York University Law Review, 99(4), pp. 1338–1397
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Williams, T.J.V. & Tzani, C., 'How does language influence the radicalisation process? A systematic review of research exploring online extremist communication and discussion' (2022), Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression [online]
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Williams, T.J.V., Tzani, C., Gavin, H. & Ioannou, M., 'Policy vs reality: comparing the policies of social media sites and users’ experiences, in the context of exposure to extremist content' (2023), Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression [online]
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Wilson, J. & Jibrin, R., 'Mitigating Hate Speech in Nigeria: The Possibilities of Artificial Intelligence' (2019), Analisi, (61), pp. 17-30
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Winchester, H., Al Haque, E., Boyd, A. & Johnson, B., 'HaTe Detector: A Tool for Detecting and Correcting Harmful Terminology in Computing Artifacts' (2023), Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing, VL/HCC, pp. 245–248
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Windisch, S., Wiedlitzka, S. & Olaghere, A., 'PROTOCOL: Online interventions for reducing hate speech and cyberhate: A systematic review' (2021), Campbell Systematic Reviews, 17(1), e1133
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Wirz, D.S. & Blassnig, S., 'A matter of perception? investigating subjective and objective exposure to hate speech with a survey and mobile longitudinal linkage study' (2025), Information Communication and Society [online]
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Wirz, D.S. & Blassnig, S., 'A matter of perception? investigating subjective and objective exposure to hate speech with a survey and mobile longitudinal linkage study' (2025), Information Communication and Society, 28(4), pp. 723–743
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Wischerath, D., Piwek, L., Roscoe, J.F. & Davidson, B.I., 'Rage Against the Machine: Exploring Violence and Emotion in Conspiracy Narratives on Parler' (2024), New Media and Society [online]
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Wojtczak, D.N., Peersman, C., Zuccolo, L. & McConville, R., 'Characterizing Discourse and Engagement Across Topics of Misinformation on Twitter' (2023), IEEE Access, 11, pp. 115002–115010
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Wolman, A., 'Combating Hate Speech at the Local Level: A Comparison of East Asian and European Approaches' (2019), Nordic Journal of Human Rights, 37(2), pp. 87-104
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Wolters, A., Müller, K. & Riehle, D.M., 'Incremental Machine Learning for Text Classification in Comment Moderation Systems' (2022), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 13545 LNCS, pp. 138-153
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Wong, C.K.H., 'Navigating gender hate in manospheres: women’s affective dissonance and refusal on LIHKG in the 2019 Hong Kong anti-extradition bill movement' (2024), Communication, Culture and Critique, 17(2), pp. 112–119
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Wong, S.G.-J., 'Sociocultural Considerations in Monitoring Anti-LGBTQ+ Content on Social Media' (2024), C3NLP 2024 - 2nd Workshop on Cross-Cultural Considerations in NLP, Proceedings of the Workshop, pp. 84–97
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Wong, S.G.-J., 'What is the social benefit of hate speech detection research? A Systematic Review' (2024), NLP4PI 2024 - 3rd Workshop on NLP for Positive Impact, Proceedings of the Workshop, pp. 1–12
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Woo, H. & Cho, Y.Y., 'Fighting Hate and Hate Speech: Raising Anti-Hate Awareness through Critical Analysis of Popular Cultural Texts on an Undergraduate Course' (2023), Societies, 13(11), 240
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Woods, F.A. & Ruscher, J.B., 'Viral sticks, virtual stones: addressing anonymous hate speech online' (2021), Patterns of Prejudice [online]
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Workneh, T.W., 'Ethiopia’s Hate Speech Predicament: Seeking Antidotes Beyond a Legislative Response' (2020), African Journalism Studies [online]
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Wright, H., 'The mythology of “freedom of speech”: Bullwhips or just bull?' (1995), Polemic, 6(1), 8
Wu, C.-Y., Chang, S.-Y., Liu, L.-Y. & Hohl, A., 'GIS-based analysis of anti-Asian hate speech and its socioeconomic and ideological drivers in the United States during the early COVID-19 pandemic' (2025), GeoJournal, 90(1), 10
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Wu, C.S. & Bhandary, U., 'Detection of Hate Speech in Videos Using Machine Learning' (2020), Proceedings - 2020 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence, CSCI 2020, 9458005, pp. 585-590
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Wu, F., Gao, B., Pan, X., Li, L., Ma, Y., Liu, S. & Liu, Z., 'Fuser: An enhanced multimodal fusion framework with congruent reinforced perceptron for hateful memes detection' (2024), Information Processing and Management, 61(4), 103772
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Wu, F., Lakhanpal, S., Li, Q., Lee, K., Kim, D., Chae, H. & Kwon, K.H., 'Not All Asians are the Same: A Disaggregated Approach to Identifying Anti-Asian Racism in Social Media' (2024), WWW 2024 - Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference, pp. 2615–2626
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Wu, J., Zhang, C., Liu, Z., Zhang, E., Wilson, S. & Zhang, C., 'GraphBERT: Bridging Graph and Text for Malicious Behavior Detection on Social Media' (2022), Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, ICDM, 2022-November, pp. 548-557
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Wu, Q. & Semaan, B., 'How Do You Quantify How Racist Something Is?: Color-Blind Moderation in Decentralized Governance' (2023), Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 7(CSCW2), 3610030
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Wu, X.-K., Zhao, T.-F., Lu, L. & Chen, W.-N., 'Predicting the Hate: A GSTM Model based on COVID-19 Hate Speech Datasets' (2022), Information Processing and Management, 59(4), 102998
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Wullach, T., Adler, A. & Minkov, E., 'Fight Fire with Fire: Fine-tuning Hate Detectors using Large Samples of Generated Hate Speech' (2021), Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Findings of ACL: EMNLP 2021, pp. 4699-4705
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Wullach, T., Adler, A. & Minkov, E.M., 'Towards Hate Speech Detection at Large via Deep Generative Modeling' (2020), IEEE Internet Computing [online]
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Wypych, M. & Bilewicz, M., 'Psychological toll of hate speech: The role of acculturation stress in the effects of exposure to ethnic slurs on mental health among Ukrainian immigrants in Poland' (2022), Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology [online]
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Xavier, H.S., 'Violentometer: measuring violence on the Web in real time' (2023), ACM Web Conference 2023 - Companion of the World Wide Web Conference, WWW 2023, pp. 272-275
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