Publications: Hate speech
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Wachs, S., Gámez-Guadix, M. & Wright, M.F., 'Online Hate Speech Victimization and Depressive Symptoms among Adolescents: The Protective Role of Resilience' (2022), Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 25(7), pp. 416-423
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Wachs, S., Gámez-Guadix, M., Wright, M.F., Görzig, A. & Schubarth, W., 'How Do Adolescents Cope With Cyberhate? Psychometric Properties and Socio-Demographic Differences of a Coping With Cyberhate Scale' (2020), Computers in Human Behavior, 104 [online]
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Wachs, S., Krause, N., Wright, M.F. & Gámez-Guadix, M., 'Effects of the Prevention Program “HateLess. Together against Hatred” on Adolescents’ Empathy, Self-efficacy, and Countering Hate Speech' (2023), Journal of Youth and Adolescence [online]
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Wachs, S., Mazzone, A., Milosevic, T., Wright, M.F., Blaya, C., Gámez-Guadix, M. & O'Higgins Norman, J., 'Online correlates of cyberhate involvement among young people from ten European countries: An application of the Routine Activity and Problem Behaviour Theory' (2021), Computers in Human Behavior, 123, 106872
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Wachs, S., Schittenhelm, C., Kops, M. & Wright, M.F., 'Promoting Classroom Climate and Why it Matters in Anti-Hate Speech Prevention Programs: A HateLess Evaluation Study' (2025), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Wachs, S., Schittenhelm, C., Kops, M., Gámez-Guadix, M. & Wright, M.F., 'Happiness Through HateLess? Examining the Direct and Indirect Effects of an Anti-Hate Speech Program on Victimized and Non-Victimized Youth' (2025), Journal of Adolescence [online]
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Wachs, S., Valido, A., Espelage, D.L., Castellanos, M., Wettstein, A. & Bilz, L., 'The relation of classroom climate to adolescents’ countering hate speech via social skills: A positive youth development perspective' (2023), Journal of Adolescence [online]
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Wachs, S., Wettstein, A., Bilz, L. & Gámez-Guadix, M., 'Adolescents’ motivations to perpetrate hate speech and links with social norms | [Motivos del discurso de odio en la adolescencia y su relación con las normas sociales]' (2022), Comunicar, 30(71), pp. 1-12
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Wachs, S., Wettstein, A., Bilz, L., Espelage, D.L., Wright, M.F. & Gámez-Guadix, M., 'Individual and Contextual Correlates of Latent Bystander Profiles toward Racist Hate Speech: A Multilevel Person-centered Approach' (2024), Journal of Youth and Adolescence [online]
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Wachs, S., Wettstein, A., Bilz, L., Krause, N., Ballaschk, C., Kansok-Dusche, J. & Wright, M.F., 'Playing by the Rules? An Investigation of the Relationship Between Social Norms and Adolescents’ Hate Speech Perpetration in Schools' (2021), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Wachs, S., Wright, M.F. & Gámez-Guadix, M., 'From hate speech to HateLess. The effectiveness of a prevention program on adolescents’ online hate speech involvement' (2024), Computers in Human Behavior, 157, 108250
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Wachs, S., Wright, M.F., Sittichai, R., Singh, R., Biswal, R., Kim, E., Yang, S., Gámez-Guadix, M., Almendros, C., Flora, K., Daskalou, V. & Maziridou, E., 'Associations Between Witnessing and Perpetrating Online Hate in Eight Countries: The Buffering Effects of Problem-Focused Coping' (2019), International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(20)
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Wade, M., Baker, S.A. & Walsh, M.J., 'Crowdfunding platforms as conduits for ideological struggle and extremism: On the need for greater regulation and digital constitutionalism' (2023), Policy and Internet [online]
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Wagner, A. & Marusek, S. (Eds.), 'Handbook on Cyber Hate: The Modern Cyber Evil (Law and Visual Jurisprudence Series)' (2024), Cham: Springer
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Waldron, J., 'The harm in hate speech' (2012), Harvard University Press.
Waligóra, K., 'The Artivist and the Haters | Artywistka i hejterzy' (2024), Czas Kultury, 2024(1), pp. 47–58
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Walker, A., 'Transphobic discourse and moral panic convergence: A content analysis of my hate mail' (2023), Criminology [online]
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Walker, J., 'Canadian anti-hate laws and freedom of expression' (2013), Parliament of Canada, Research Publications
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Wallenberg, J.S., 'The impact of racial slurs and racism on the perceptions and punishment of violent crime' (2008), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(5), pp.685-701
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Walsh, S. & Greaney, P., 'Multiclass hate speech detection with an aggregated dataset' (2025), Natural Language Processing [online]
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Walters, M.A. & Brown, R. with Wiedlitzka, S., 'Causes and motivations of hate crime' (2016), Equality and Human Rights Commission, Research report 102
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Walther, J.B., 'Social media and online hate' (2022), Current Opinion in Psychology, 45, 101298
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Walther, J.B., 'The Effects of Social Approval Signals on the Production of Online Hate: A Theoretical Explication' (2024), Communication Research [online]
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Walther, J.B. & Rice, R.E. (Eds.), 'Social Processes of Online Hate' (2024), London: Routledge
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Walther, S. & McCoy, A., 'US Extremism on Telegram: Fueling Disinformation, Conspiracy Theories, and Accelerationism' (2021), Perspectives on Terrorism, 15(2), pp. 100-124
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Waltman, M., 'Qanon’s Ideology of Hate: As a Catalyst for Negative Transformation in Families and Close Relationships' (2023), in R.C. Diggs & T.J. Socha (Eds.) Family Communication and Cultural Transformation: (Re)Awakening Legacies of Equality, Social Justice, Freedom, and Hope (pp. 57-76), New York: Routledge
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Wang, C., Day, M. & Wu, C., 'Political Hate Speech Detection and Lexicon Building: A Study in Taiwan' (2022), IEEE Access [online]
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Wang, C.-S., Yang, H.-L., Li, B.-Y. & Chen, H.-Y., 'Can Generative AI Eliminate Speech Harms? A Study on Detection of Abusive and Hate Speech during the COVID-19 Pandemic' (2023), 2023 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Asia, ICCE-Asia 2023
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Wang, H., Hee, M.S., Awal, M.R., Choo, K.T.W. & Lee, R.K.-W., 'Evaluating GPT-3 Generated Explanations for Hateful Content Moderation' (2023), IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2023, pp. 6255–6263
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Wang, H., Lu, J., Han, Y., Ma, K. Yang, L. & Lin, H., 'Towards Patronizing and Condescending Language in Chinese Videos: A Multimodal Dataset and Detector' (2025), ICASSP IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings
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Wang, H., Yang, T.R., Naseem, U. & Lee, R.K.-W., 'MultiHateClip: A Multilingual Benchmark Dataset for Hateful Video Detection on YouTube and Bilibili' (2024), MM 2024 - Proceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 7493–7502
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Wang, H.M., Bulat, B., Fujimoto, S. & Frey, S., 'Governing for Free: Rule Process Effects on Reddit Moderator Motivations' (2022), Communications in Computer and Information Science, 1655 CCIS, pp. 97-105
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Wang, J., 'Deep Neural Networks for Detecting Hate Speech' (2022), 2022 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Data Science and Computer Application, ICDSCA 2022, pp. 768-772
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Wang, P. & Catalano, T., '‘Chinese virus’: A critical discourse analysis of anti-Asian racist discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic' (2023), Journal of Language and Discrimination, 7(1), pp. 26-51
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Wang, S., 'The Power of Images: How Multimodal Hate Speech Shapes Prejudice and Prosocial Behavioral Intentions' (2024), Social Media and Society, 10(4)
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Wang, S. & Kim, K.J., 'Content Moderation on Social Media: Does It Matter Who and Why Moderates Hate Speech?' (2023), Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking [online]
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Wang, W., Guo, Y., Shen, C., Ding, S., Liao, G., Fu, H. & Prabhakar, P.K., 'Integrity and Junkiness Failure Handling for Embedding-based Retrieval: A Case Study in Social Network Search' (2023), SIGIR 2023 - Proceedings of the 46th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 3250–3254
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Wang, W., Huang, J., Chen, C., Gu, J., Zhang, J., Wu, W., He, P. & Lyu, M., 'Validating Multimedia Content Moderation Software via Semantic Fusion' (2023), ISSTA 2023 - Proceedings of the 32nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis, pp. 576–588
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Wang, W., Huang, J., Huang, J.-T., Chen, C., Gu, J., He, P. & Lyu, M.R., 'An Image is Worth a Thousand Toxic Words: A Metamorphic Testing Framework for Content Moderation Software' (2023), Proceedings - 2023 38th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, ASE 2023, pp. 1339–1351
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Wang, X., Koneru, S., Venkit, P.N., Frischmann, B. & Rajtmajer, S., 'The unappreciated role of intent in algorithmic moderation of abusive content on social media' (2025), Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, 6(3)
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Wang, X., Wu, M. & Rajtmajer, S., 'From Yellow Peril to Model Minority: Asian stereotypes in social media during the COVID-19 pandemic' (2023), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 283-291
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Wang, Y. & Chang, J., 'Why do some women hate feminists? Social media and the structural limitation of Chinese digital feminism' (2023), Asian Journal of Women's Studies [online]
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Wang, Y. & Liao, Y., 'SCNet: Hate Speech Detection Leveraging Syntactic Information and Conversational Contexts' (2024), MLNLP 2024 - 2024 International Conference on Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing
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Wang, Y., Yu, P. & He, G., 'Silent LLMs: Using LoRA to Enable LLMs to Identify Hate Speech' (2025), Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, 53
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Wani, A.H., Molvi, N.S. & Ashraf, S.I., 'Detection of Hate and Offensive Speech in Text' (2020), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 11886 LNCS, pp. 87-93
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Wankhede, D.S., Gaikwad Vidya, S., Manikjade, A., Meher, N., Atkale, T., Ghule, A. & Gujar, D., 'Analyzing the Performance of Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, SVM and Random Forest for Identifying Hate speech from Twitter Social Media' (2023), 2023 7th International Conference On Computing, Communication, Control And Automation, ICCUBEA 2023
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Wanniarachchi, V.U., Scogings, C., Susnjak, T. & Mathrani, A., 'Hate Speech Patterns in Social Media: A Methodological Framework and Fat Stigma Investigation Incorporating Sentiment Analysis, Topic Modelling and Discourse Analysis' (2023), Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 27
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Waqas, A., Salminen, J., Jung, S.-G., Almerekhi, H. & Jansen, B.J., 'Mapping Online Hate: A Scientometric Analysis on Research Trends and Hotspots in Research on Online Hate' (2019), (2019), PLoS ONE, 14(9)
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Ward, L.W.M., 'A Critical Race Theory Perspective on Assaultive Speech in U.S. Campus Communities' (2022), Equity and Excellence in Education [online]
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Wardle, C. & Scales, D., 'Advocating for a community-centred model for responding to potential information harms' (2025), Nature Human Behaviour [online]
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