Publications
L
López, R.M. & López, C.A., 'Social networks, monitoring equipment, and mobile apps to combat hate speech and hate crimes in Europe | [Redes, equipos de monitoreo y aplicaciones móvil para combatir los discursos y delitos de odio en Europa]' (2022), Revista Latina de Comunicacion Social, 2022(80), pp. 347-353
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López-Cepeda, I., Mañas-Viniegra, L. & Vivar-Zurita, H., 'Fundamental Rights of People With Disabilities Reflected in the Social Discourse of the Main Disability Organisations in Spain' (2021), Janus.net, 2021, pp. 93-111
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López-Gutiérrez, Á., 'Non-verbal communication in hate and sexist speeches: Hate and sexist discourses without words' (2022), VISUAL Review. International Visual Culture Review / Revista Internacional de Cultura, 9
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Lopez-Sanchez, M. & Müller, A., 'On simulating the propagation and countermeasures of hate speech in social networks' (2021), Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 11(24), 12003
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Lord Bracadale, 'Independent review of hate crime legislation in Scotland: Final report' (2018), Edinburgh, Scotland: The Scottish Government
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Loroz, P.S. & Loroz, Pepper, M.B., 'Hate Studies in Business: A Course on Recognizing and Combating the Ways Business Organizations Exert Violence on Individuals, Families, and Society' (2012), In C. Wankel, A. S. Stanchowicz- Stanusch (Eds), Handbook of Research on Teaching Ethics in Business and Management Education (pp. 253-273). Hershey, PA: IGI Global
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Losada-Díaz, J.-C., Zamora-Medina, R. & Martínez-Martínez, H., 'Hate speech on Instagram during 2019 General Election in Spain | [El discurso del odio en Instagram durante las Elecciones Generales 2019 en España]' (2021), Revista Mediterranea de Comunicacion, 12(2), pp. 195-208
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Lotter, M.-S., 'Should “vulnerable groups” be protected from criticism? On the Functions of Free Speech for Liberal Democracy and the Ideology of Vulnerability | [Sind „vulnerable Gruppen“vor Kritik zu schützen? Die Funktionen der Redefreiheit für die liberale Demokratie und die Ideologisierung der Vulnerabilität]' (2023), Zeitschrift fur Praktische Philosophie, 9(2), pp. 375-398
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Loutzenheiser, L.W., '‘Who are you calling a problem?’: Addressing transphobia and homophobia through school policy' (2015), Critical Studies in Education, 56(1), pp.99-115
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Lovett, S., 'Disgust and the Limits of Reason: Countering the Fear of Contamination and Resistance to Education in a Post-modern Climate' (2023), in Z. Gross (Ed.) Reimagining the Landscape of Religious Education: Challenges and Opportunities (pp. 181–192), Cham: Springer
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Lowe, D., 'Far-Right Extremism: Is it Legitimate Freedom of Expression, Hate Crime, or Terrorism?' (2020), Terrorism and Political Violence, pp. 1-21
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Lowe, D., 'Terrorism, Law and Policy: A Comparative Study (Second Edition)' (2022), London: Routledge
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Lowe, D., 'Hate Crime in Northern Ireland: The Need for Legislation and a Bespoke Version of the Prevent Strategy' (2023), Terrorism and Political Violence [online]
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Löwstedt, A. & Hatarova, N., 'Transcultural and Transnational Communication Principles? Suggestions for Minimum and Maximum Values as a Common Ground' (2024), Journal of Media Ethics: Exploring Questions of Media Morality [online]
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Löwstedt, A. & Kapidžić, A., 'Communication in Dignity Since Early Antiquity: From Ptahhotep to Current Ethics and International Law' (2023), Journal of Intercultural Communication Research [online]
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Lozano, Á.A., 'Criminal law backed by the European Union for ending hate speech and discrimination | El Derecho penal auspiciado por la Unión Europea para frenar los discursos de odio y la discriminación' (2023), Revista de Internet, Derecho y Politica, (37)
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Lozano-Verduzco,, I., Fernández-Niño, J.A. & Baruch-Domínguez, R., 'Association between internalized homophobia and mental health indicators in LGBT individuals in Mexico City' (2017), Salud Mental, 40(5), pp. 219-225
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Lu, J., Lin, H., Zhang, X., Li, Z., Zhang, T., Zong, L., Ma, F. & Xu, B., 'Hate Speech Detection via Dual Contrastive Learning' (2023), IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing [online]
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Luarasi, I., 'Quantifying Sexism and Hate Speech: A Comprehensive Analysis of Albanian Online Media' (2023), Journal of Educational and Social Research, 13(6), pp. 119–130
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Lucassen, L. & Stremmelaar, A., 'Antisemitism and Immigration in Western Europe Today: is there a connection? The case of the Netherlands' (2018), Foundation Remembrance, Responsibility and Future (EVZ), Berlin & Pears Institute for the Study of Antisemitism, University of London
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Lucini, B., 'The other side of resilience to terrorism: A portrait of a resilient-healthy city' (2017), Springer International Publishing
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Luckianto, M., Addison, R., Vincent, V., Muliono, Y. & Prasetyo, S.Y., 'Audio-based Indonesia Toxic Language Classification using Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory' (2023), 2023 5th International Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems, ICORIS 2023
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Luger, J., 'Celebrations, Exaltations and Alpha Lands: Everyday geographies of the far-right' (2022), Political Geography, 96, 102604
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Lühr, M., Streib, H. & Klein, C., 'Inter-religious prejudice in context: Prejudice against black persons, homosexuals and women, and the role of the violence legitimizing norms of masculinity' (2018), in H. Streib & C. Klein (Eds.), Xenosophia and religion. Biographical and statistical paths for a culture of welcome (pp.203-229). Springer, Cham.
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Lulz, S. & Riegner, M., 'Freedom of expression and hate speech' (2021), in P. Dan & A.K. Thiruvengadam (Eds.) Democratic Constitutionalism in India and the European Union: Comparing the Law of Democracy in Continental Polities (pp. 191-222), Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing
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Lumbantoruan, R., Siregar, R.U., Manik, I., Tambunan, N. & Simanjuntak, H., 'Analysis Comparison of FastText and Word2vec for Detecting Offensive Language' (2022), ICOSNIKOM 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference of Computer Science and Information Technology: Boundary Free: Preparing Indonesia for Metaverse Society
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Lumeng, J.C., Forrest, P., Appugliese, D.P., Kaciroti, N. Corwyn, R.F. & Bradley, R.H., 'Weight status as a predictor of being bullied in third through sixth grades' (2010), Pediatrics, 125(6), pp.e1301-1307
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Lumsden, K. & Morgan, H.M., 'Cyber-trolling as symbolic violence: Deconstructing gendered abuse online' (2018), In N. Lombard (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of gender and violence (pp.121-132). London: Routledge
Lumsden, K., Goode, J. & Black, A., '‘I will not be thrown out of the country because I’m an immigrant’: Eastern European migrants’ responses to hate crime in a semi-rural context in the wake of Brexit' (2018), Sociological Research Online [online]
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Lundberg, E., 'Different Types, Different Reactions? How Civil Society Organizations Respond to Right-Wing Extremism' (2022), Voluntas [online]
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Lünenborg, M. & Röttger-Rössler, B. (Eds.), 'Affective Formation of Publics: Places, Networks, and Media' (2023), London: Routledge
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Lunin, I.I., 'Striving for LGBTQ rights in Russian psychology and society: A personal narrative' (2017), Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 10(2), pp.35-41
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Lunny, A.M., 'Hate speech, media, and Canadian federal law' (2021), in M. Deflem & D.M.D. Silva (Eds), Media and Law: Between Free Speech and Censorship (Sociology of Crime, Law and Deviance, Vol. 26) (pp. 133-149), Bingley: Emerald Publishing Ltd.
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Lunny, A.M., 'Debating Hate Crime: Language, Legislatures, and the Law in Canada' (2017), Vancouver: UBC Press
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Lunny, A.M., '‘Look, a Faggot!’: The Scopic Economies of Cruising, Queer Bashing and Law' (2013), Social & Legal Studies, 22(2), pp. 231-245
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Lupu, Y., Sear, R., Velásquez, N., Leahy, R., Restrepo, N.J., Goldberg, B. & Johnson, N.F., 'Offline events and online hate' (2023), PLoS ONE, 18(1 January), e0278511
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Luqiu, L.R. & Yang, F., 'Islamophobia in China: News coverage, stereotypes, and Chinese Muslims’ perceptions of themselves and Islam' (2018), Asian Journal of Communication [online]
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Luque, J.L.Z., Mangado, A.R. & Ruiz, C.R.G., 'Democratic Memory in times of populism. Historical thinking and emotions in teacher training | Memória democrática em tempos de populismo. Pensamento histórico e emoções na formação de professores' (2024), Acta Scientiarum - Education, 46(1), e68059
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Luttrell, R., Xiao, L. & Glass, J. (Eds.), 'Democracy in the Disinformation Age: Influence and Activism in American Politics' (2021), New York: Routledge
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Luu, S.T., Nguyen, H.P., Van Nguyen, K. & Luu-Thuy Nguyen, N., 'Comparison Between Traditional Machine Learning Models and Neural Network Models for Vietnamese Hate Speech Detection' (2020), Proceedings - 2020 RIVF International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies, RIVF 2020, 9140745
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Luu, S.T., Nguyen, K.V. & Nguyen, N.L.-T., 'A Large-Scale Dataset for Hate Speech Detection on Vietnamese Social Media Texts' (2021), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 12798 LNAI, pp. 415-426
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Luu, S.T., Van Nguyen, K. & Nguyen, N.L.-T., 'An approach of data augmentation to improve the performance of BERTology models for Vietnamese hate speech detection' (2023), Multimedia Tools and Applications [online]
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Lyle, P.L., Esmail, A. & Eargle, L., 'Mass shooting and misogyny: Broken males are pulling the trigger' (2022), in Information Resources Management Association (Eds.) Research Anthology on Modern Violence and Its Impact on Society (pp. 970-995), Hershey, PA: IGI Global
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Lyons, C.J., 'Individual perceptions and the social construction of hate crimes: A factorial survey' (2008), The Social Science Journal, 45(1), pp.107-131
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Lyons, C.J., 'Community (dis)organization and racially motivated crime' (2007), American Journal of Sociology, 113(3), pp.815-863
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Lyons, C.J., 'Defending turf: Racial demographics and hate crime against Blacks and Whites' (2008), Social Forces, 87(1), pp.357-385
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Lyons, C.J., 'Stigma or sympathy? Attributions of fault to hate crime victims and offenders' (2006), Social Psychology Quarterly, 69(1), pp.39-59
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Lyons, C.J. & Roberts, A., 'The difference “hate” makes in clearing crime: An event history analysis of incident factors' (2014), Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 30(3), pp.268-289
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Lyu, H., Fan, Y., Xiong, Z., Komisarchik, M. & Luo, J., 'Understanding Public Opinion Toward the #StopAsianHate Movement and the Relation With Racially Motivated Hate Crimes in the US' (2021), IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems [online]
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Løland, I., 'Between utopia and dystopia: Sectarianization through revolution and war in Syrian refugee narratives' (2019), Religions, 10(3) [online]
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