Publications: Hate crime models
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Castellanos, M., Wettstein, A., Wachs, S. & Bilz, L., 'Direct and indirect effects of social dominance orientation on hate speech perpetration via empathy and moral disengagement among adolescents: A multilevel mediation model' (2023), Aggressive Behavior [online]
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Castillo, G.P., '“The Melancholy Bubble”. Emotional dangers in social media | [LA “BURBUJA DE LA MELANCOLÍA”. PELIGROS EMOCIONALES DE LAS REDES SOCIALES]' (2023), Human Review. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional de Humanidades, 16(6)
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Celuch, M., Oksanen, A., Räsänen, P., Costello, M., Blaya, C., Zych, I., Llorent, V.J., Reichelmann, A. & Hawdon, J., 'Factors Associated with Online Hate Acceptance: A Cross-National Six-Country Study among Young Adults' (2022), International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1), 534
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Cepollaro, B., 'Experimentally-Informed Philosophy of Hate Speech' (2023), in D. Bordonaba-Plou (Ed.) Logic, Argumentation and Reasoning, vol. 33 (pp. 173–187), Cham: Springer
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Cepollaro, B. & de Sa, D.L., 'The successes of reclamation' (2023), Synthese, 202(6), 205
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Cepollaro, B., Sulpizio, S., Bianchi, C. & Stojanovic, I., 'Slurs in quarantine' (2023), Mind and Language [online]
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Cervone, C., Augoustinos, M. & Maass, A., 'The Language of Derogation and Hate: Functions, Consequences, and Reappropriation' (2021), Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 40(1), pp. 80-101
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Cervone, C., Lucarini, A., Salvador Casara, B.G., Filippi, S., Scatolon, A. & Bettinsoli, M.L., 'The Words of (Non-)Humanity: Sexist Slurs Elicit Self-Dehumanization in Women' (2025), Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 44(1), pp. 12–37
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Chai, K., 'Addressing hate crime and incidents in neoliberal universities: An examination of universities’ policies' (2025), Leeds, UK: Emerald Publishing
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Chan, E., 'Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence, Hate Speech, and Terrorism: A Risk Assessment on the Rise of the Incel Rebellion in Canada' (2022), Violence Against Women [online]
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Chan, K.K., 'Drivers of Race Crime and the Impact of Bridging Gaps: A Dynamic Empirical Analysis' (2022), Race and Social Problems [online]
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Chan, N.K.M. & Leung, V., 'The Activation of Anti-Asian Attitudes on Vote Choice' (2024), Political Behavior [online]
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Chapa, G., Mewani, A. & Datuowei, E., 'Examining time to arrest for hate crime perpetrators: data from the New York City hate crimes repository' (2025), Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice [online]
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Chen, Y., Sack, H. & Alam, M., 'Analyzing social media for measuring public attitudes toward controversies and their driving factors: a case study of migration' (2022), Social Network Analysis and Mining, 12(1), 135
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Chester, P.J. & Wong, A., 'Wedge Narratives and Diaspora Communities' (2025), Security Studies [online]
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Chin, J., 'Antimatters: The curious case of Confederate monuments' (2023), Boston University Law Review, 103(1), pp. 311–383
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Choi, S., Burd, K.A. & Choi, A., 'Looking Hateworthy: An Investigation of the Relationship Between Chinese Phenotypicality and COVID-19-Related Prejudice and Discrimination' (2023), Race and Justice, 13(1), pp. 105-129
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Chon, M.-G., 'The role of social media in empowering activism: testing the integrative model of activism to anti-Asian hate crimes' (2023), Asian Journal of Communication [online]
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Chon, M.-G. & Harrell, J.R., 'Building bridges for anti-racism activism: Testing situational theory of problem solving and problem chain recognition effect' (2024), Public Relations Review, 50(1), 102425
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Chun, W.H.K., Hong, G.K. & Nakamura, L., '“Understanding” Asians: Anti-Asian Racism, Sentimentality, Sentiment Analysis, and Digital Surveillance' (2024), Critical Inquiry, 50(3), pp. 425–451
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Chung, M., Lee, S. & Keum, H., 'Seeing is Behaving? The Role of Social Norms in the Relationship Between Witnessing and Perpetrating Online Hate' (2023), Communication Reports [online]
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Chung, M., Lee, S. & Keum, H., 'From Bystanders to Perpetrators: The Influence of Normative Perceptions and Cognitive Empathy on Online Hate in Korea' (2025), International Journal of Communication, 19, pp. 2084–2103
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Cikara, M., Fouka, V. & Tabellini, M., 'Hate crime towards minoritized groups increases as they increase in sized-based rank' (2022), Nature Human Behaviour [online]
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Civila, S., Romero-Rodríguez, L.M. & Aguaded, I., 'Symbolic-discursive violence and new media: An epistemological perspective' (2021), Catalan Journal of Communication and Cultural Studies, 13(1), pp. 43-61
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Clarke, A., 'Beyond the Binary: The Issue of Intra-Minority Hostility and the Need to Challenge Conventional Victim/Perpetrator Frameworks Within Hate Studies' (2024), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 39(17-18), pp. 3904–3931
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Clayton, J., Donovan, C. & Macdonald, S.J., 'Living with hate relationships: Familiar encounters, enduring racisms and geographies of entrapment' (2021), Environment and Planning D: Society and Space [online]
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Clayton, J., Donovan, C. & Macdonald, S.J., 'Domestic colonisation: The centrality of the home in experiences of home-takeovers and hate relationships' (2023), Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers [online]
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Clayton, J., Donovan, C. & Macdonald, S.J., 'Hate beyond the incident: Exploring the presence/absence dynamics of ‘hate relationships’ through geotrauma and haunting' (2025), Geoforum, 162, 104274
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Cochliou, D., Poulakidakos, S., Rigou, M. & Papathanassopoulos, S., 'Hate-Speech in Greece and Cyprus: How Public Communication Practitioners Discuss the Phenomenon' (2024), Journalism Practice [online]
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Cohen-Almagor, R., 'Just, Reasonable Multiculturalism' (2021), New York & Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
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Cohen-Almagor, R., 'Bullying, Cyberbullying, and Hate Speech' (2022), International Journal of Technoethics, 13(1)
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Cohen-Almagor, R., 'Speech, Dignity and Offense: A Critical Examination' (2024), Politics and Rights Review (7 March)
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Collins, J., 'Mobilising Extremism in Times of Change: Analysing the UK’s Far-Right Online Content During the Pandemic' (2023), European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research [online]
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Collins, J., 'More Than Meets the Reply: Examining Emotional Belonging in Far-Right Social Media Space' (2024), Social Media and Society, 10(3)
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Constantinou, M. & Baider, F.H., 'Covert Hate Speech: A Contrastive Study of Greek and Greek Cypriot Online Discussions with an Emphasis on Irony' (2020), Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict, 8(2), pp. 262-287
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Corcoran, K.E., Colyer, C.J., Stein, R.E. & DiGregorio, B.D., 'Easy targets: Religious vulnerability to predatory crime' (2025), Rationality and Society, 10434631251367272
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Cornish, R. & Tranter, K., 'Dismissals for Social Media Hate Speech in South Africa: Animalistic Dehumanisation and the Circulation of Racist Words and Images' (2022), International Journal for the Semiotics of Law [online]
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Costa, S., da Silva, B.M., & Tavares, M., 'Tackling Online Hate Speech?: Play Your Role!' (2022), Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, LNICST, 422 LNICST, pp. 79-93
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Costa, S., Tavares, M., Bidarra, J. & Mendes da Silva, B., 'The Enredo Game-Installation: A Proposal to Counter Hate Speech Online' (2023), in N. Martins & D. Brandão (Eds.) Springer Series in Design and Innovation (Vol. 27) (pp. 307-320), Cham: Springer
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Costello, W. & Thomas, A.G., 'Seeing through the black-pill: Incels are wrong about what people think of them' (2025), Personality and Individual Differences, 237, 113041
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Cousens, C., 'Solving the Authority Problem: Why We Won’t Debate You, Bro' (2023), Topoi [online]
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Cousens, C., 'Fat-calling: ascriptions of fatness that subordinate' (2025), Philosophical Studies, 182(2), pp. 655–677, 101252
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Cover, R., 'Digital hostility, subjectivity and ethics: Theorising the disruption of identity in instances of mass online abuse and hate speech' (2022), Convergence [online]
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Cover, R., 'Identity and Digital Communication: Concepts, Theories, Practices' (2023), London: Routledge
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Cowan, G., Heiple, B., Marquez, C., Khatchadourian, D. & McNevin, M., 'Heterosexuals’ attitudes toward hate crimes and hate speech against gays and lesbians: Old-fashioned and modern heterosexism' (2005), Journal of Homosexuality, 49(2), pp.67-82
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Cowburn, M., Duggan, M. & Pollock, E., 'Working with different values: Extremism, hate and sex crimes' (2013), in Cowburn, M., Duggan, M., Robinson, A. & Senior, P. (2013) Values in Criminology and Community Justice. University of Bristol: Policy Press.
Cowls, J. & Ma, C., 'The Internet’s Town Square? A Critical Discourse Analysis of Parler’s “Past Imaginary”' (2023), Social Media and Society, 9(2)
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Cramer, R.J., Cacace, S.C., Sorby, M., Adrian, M.E., Kehn, A. & Wilsey, C.N., 'A Psychometric Investigation of the Hate-Motivated Behavior Checklist' (2022), Journal of Interpersonal Violence [online]
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Cramer, R.J., Kaniuka, A.R., Tucker, R.P., Hanson, B., Fording, R.C., Robertson, L., Mesaeh, C., Zabelski, S. & Joiner, T., 'Social-Ecological Correlates of Social Well-Being in Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults in the USA: Implications for Policy, Theory, and Research' (2024), Sexuality Research and Social Policy [online]
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Cuevas-Calderón, E., Dongo, E.Y. & Kanashiro, L., 'Spreadability and hate speech of radical conservatism: The Peruvian case on TikTok' (2023), Punctum International Journal of Semiotics, 9(2), pp. 27–53
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